Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research
Year:2008 | Volume:13 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: Women's role in family and their participation in social, economical and cultural activities make them a part of development process. Paying attention to women's health is a social investment. Nowadays 70% of women suffer from breast pain and two third of these pains are periodical. Among the pain killing methods, herbal medicine is more compatible with human body and has fewer side effects because the drugs are natural. This study aimed to find the effects of evening primrose oil and vitamin E on the severity of periodical breast pain in women.Methods: It was a single-blind semi-experimental study. The studied sample included 66 women 18-40 years of age suffering from breast pain and tenderness referred to ten health centers of Isfahan in 2007. Sampling method was simple random. The patients were divided into two groups to receive evening primrose oil or vitamin E. Severity of pain was assessed by Cardiff chart before and after one month of intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS software.Results: The severity of periodical breast pain in both groups decreased significantly before and after the medication (in both groups, p < 0.05)).Conclusion: According to the findings, evening primrose oil decrease the severity of pain and it is more effective and better than the known and common vitamin E medicine.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affects many aspects of daily life. We need a bio-psychosocial approach to patients and their problems in diabetes management. Since patient’s beliefs about health and disease will guide self management measures, a holistic understanding toward subject is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the lived experiences of patients with diabetes in a qualitative study.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological framework used to guide the project of inquiry. Eleven volunteered patients (6 men, 5 women) were recruited by purposed sampling from “Glands and Metabolism Research Center” and “Al-Zahra Hospital” of Isfahan in 2006. In-depth unstructured one to one interviews conducted and interview data were transcribed and analyzed for themes using collizi method.Results: Five themes were identified including; "Why I get", "Disease requirements", "Can I do", "Limitations", "Silent motion towards death". 3 first items belongs to participants' perception about diseases etiology, treatment, and their feeling about their situation, respectively. “Silent movement towards death” and “limitation” pointed to the patients' belief about limitation in nutrition and having a healthy child and nature of disease.Conclusion: Based on findings, patients’ beliefs about their disease and health situation can affect health behaviors and self-management, and act as barriers and facilitators in patient behaviors. Findings suggest considering this factor in self management preparing program.

Background: Once it comes to infections, children are the weakest members of society and they gather together in nurseries and kindergartens as their first communities. In recent years, parents were more eager to send their children to nurseries. This research investigated self-care to prevent urinary tract infections in children.Methods: This was a qualitative research using a contextual thematic analysis. Samples were selected from children with urinary tract infections who attended nurseries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences along with their parents, teachers and the head of nurseries. Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation which occurred with 10 participants including 7 mothers whose kids experienced urinary tract infections and 3 nurseries' heads and teachers. Data were collected in 2005 during appointments in nurseries by deep and semi-organized interviews. Each interview lasted between 30 to 50 minutes (average length was 40 minutes). Data were analyzed according to Straw-Bert model.Results: Three main conceptions were derived from the experiences of participants on self-care to prevent urinary tract infections, including: diagnosis of symptoms, dangerous factors and effective diet for prevention; control the disease, medication, preventing effects and relapse into the disease by health care; additional interventions, diagnosis tests and follow-up. Conclusion: According to the findings, the participants in this research experienced several factors that caused urinary tract infections. These factors were different based on their knowledge and the existence or non-existence of health care support. These results were supporting other studies on the subject.

Background: This study aimed to define and compare the efficiency and complication between HD and levonorgestrel tablets as an emergency contraceptive method.Methods: In this double blind clinical trial, the subjects included 68 women aged 15-45 years with regular menstruation cycles referred to Isfahan health centers within the first 72 hours after their unprotected coitus between May to Sep 2006. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and randomly divided into two groups: one taking HD tablets and the other levonorgestrel. The data were collected by 3 questionnaires including demographic, productivity, coitus characteristics, efficiency and some complications such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and analytic statistical tests ran through SPSS software. Results: Levonorgestrel had 100% efficiency in contraception (the difference was significant between two groups). There was no significant difference between changes in menstruation cycle and headache but there were differences considering nausea, vomiting and the times of vomiting within 24 hours after taking the second dose of the tablets; but it wasn't significant during the last six hours. Generally, in group of levonorgestrel side effects such as spotting, high amount or severe menstrual bleeding, occurrence and the times of vomiting, nausea severity, headache and dizziness were all witnessed less.Discussion: Consumption of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel twice as an emergency contraceptive method has higher efficiency in prevention of unwanted pregnancies and lower side effects compared to HD tablets. It is suggested to plan and take necessary actions to produce and distribute these tablets as an emergency contraceptive method in Iran.

Background: All women experience similar changes in the postpartum period, but some special factors make these experiences unique and sometimes cause stress and anxiety. Understanding these experiences is essential for providing appropriate postpartum care. This study investigated the meaning and nature of mothers' experiences and their daily life in this period.Methods: This is a qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach. Data were collected by deep interviews. 14 mothers who referred to the hospitals or health care centers of Isfahan city in 2005 were interviewed. Sampling was purposive and data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method.Results: The total findings of the study were collected in 90 codes, 15 categories and 4 main concepts were extracted: positive mood reactions, negative mood reactions, feeling unprepared, and body image change. Conclusion: Mothers᾽ experiences lead to psychological and emotional reactions in postpartum period based on the care and support they receive. If these services are not enough and appropriate, they face various tensions which have adverse effects on the newborns and families as well. Therefore, to help mothers and their families to achieve their evolutionary role with minimum stress in this susceptible period, it is necessary to determine the effective factors and plan strategies for postpartum care services based on mothers' need.

Background: Parenting style in communication with teenagers is a complex and double way process that affects progress and success of all generations both at present time and future. Due to the importance of having accurate knowledge about mothers' parenting style and its underlying factors, it has been assessed in this study.Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 737 female students in guidance schools in Isfahan. Information about background factors and mothers' parenting styles were gathered according to parent's control and responding via specified questionnaires. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: According to the results, 30.8 % of students had mothers with authoritative parental style, 48.2 % had mothers with permissive parental styles, 7.9 % had despotic mothers and 13.2 % had mothers with neglectful parental style. Data analysis showed significant correlation between mother's education and parenting style but there was no significant relation between parental style and student's age, mother's age, birth rank and mother's employment.Conclusion: This study concluded that permissive style and after that, despotic style, were the most common parenting styles in female guidance school students' mothers. Mothers with higher levels of education used permissive and despotic parenting styles more in comparison with other mothers. It seems that these mothers try to response to physiological and emotional needs of their daughters instead of teach them the family values.

Background: Working in managerial posts, nurses need to know the management concepts and skills such as change management. This knowledge can improve the quality of patients care. This research was a study on the change concept by describing the nursing managers' experiences as an agent for change. Methods: It was a qualitative research based on phenomenology. Data were collected from matron nurse managers working in the hospitals of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling method was purposive and continued until data saturation. The number of participants was 13. Data were collected by open interviews and the analysis of data was based on the Colaizzi's method.Results: The findings consist of 220 concepts classified in five main concepts including prospect, outcome, variables, stimulator, and acceptation.Conclusion: The findings showed that most nurse managers have some experiences of change state as a change agent. Since hospitals and health centers are in direct contact with people of all social groups and their activities benefit the public, nurses should pay more attention to health care development and change.

Background: Although extensive development of technology provides welfare and accessibility for families but it may be one of the threatening factors for them. The unique characteristics of internet such as availability and facility are useful, but over using for its exciting content cause to internet addiction between family members. The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of the family members of dependence to internet.Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in order to find the meaning of dependence on internet in family members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's descriptive method was used for data analysis. Results: Findings of this study were classified into 60 codes and three main concepts consisted of motivators (directors), complications, and changing life style.Conclusion: Dependent members of family after tending to internet tolerated some complications like family disjointing and inappropriate change of life style that can be the focus of psychiatric and family health nurses.