SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2025 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Objective: The main purpose of this research was to identify the mutual and dynamic effects among household sports expenses, the government's sports budget, and the economic growth of Iran's provinces.Methodology: To achieve the research goals, the Panel data Vector Autoregression (PVAR) method was employed. The study utilized the provincial data of 31 provinces of the country between 1390-1400. Data were extracted from household income expenditure surveys together with the statistical yearbooks of Iranian provinces during the specified period.Results: Firstly, economic growth is a key factor influencing the rise in household sports expenses (up to 0.9 percent) and the government sports budget (up to 4.3 percent). Secondly, enhancing the government's sports budget growth may motivate households to boost their health investments by allocating more funds to sports (up to 0.9 percent increase)Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that government and household sports expenditures are mutually reinforcing and positively impact each other. Moreover, economic growth can significantly boost both the household and government sports spending.

Objective: This study aims to examine the level of participation of esports players in physical activities and identify the factors influencing their behaviors and intentions toward engaging in such activities.Methodology: This applied research follows a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of Generation Z gamers (born between 1994 and 2009) who actively participated in esports, either professionally or recreationally, with at least one year of relevant experience in the field. Participants were selected through convenience sampling from gaming platforms, online communities, esports clubs, and other related groups. The sample size of 408 individuals was determined using Cochran's formula. Data collection tools included two standardized questionnaires: the Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire (measuring attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention) and the Perceived Usefulness and Enjoyment Questionnaire (assessing users' perceptions of the value and enjoyable experiences derived from physical activity), along with a researcher-developed questionnaire on physical activity participation. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with PLS4 software.Results: The results indicated that perceived behavioral control and subjective norms had a positive and significant impact on the intention of esports players to participate in physical activities. Moreover, a positive attitude toward physical activities, particularly when combined with perceived enjoyment and usefulness, played a critical role in strengthening their behavioral intentions.Conclusion: The findings indicated that enhancing esports players' participation in physical activities requires addressing psychological factors such as perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes, and social norms. Policymakers in sports and health sectors can design culturally relevant and intergenerational awareness campaigns that emphasize the enjoyment and benefits of physical activities to foster positive attitudes. Additionally, creating opportunities aligned with the interests and lifestyles of this group can facilitate greater participation in physical activity programs, contributing to improved physical and social health.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify the factors influencing customer complaint behavior in the sports services industry.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach based on Braun and Clarke (2006). The study's population included experts in sports marketing with a focus on customer orientation, managers of health and wellness clubs, swimming pools, and customers who use these services. A purposive sampling method was used, involving 27 participants. The research tools included a systematic literature review and semi-structured exploratory interviews, whose validity and reliability were confirmed.Results: According to the research results, the factors influencing customer complaint behavior in the sports services industry include 87 concepts, 8 subcategories, and 3 main categories: customer-related elements (customer behaviors, purchase-related behaviors, and customer perceptions); internal organizational elements (organizational performance, staff performance, and inadequate service delivery); and external elements (economic and socio-cultural factors).Conclusion: Sports organizations can prevent customer dissatisfaction by improving the quality of sports services and identifying customer expectations, perceptions, and behaviors in using these services. By establishing a high-quality complaint management system with clear mechanisms and accessible complaint channels, alongside training and empowering staff, organizations can promptly address customer issues. Moreover, by implementing processes and procedures that align with customer perspectives and responding to complaints with respect and attention, organizations can increase customer retention rates and contribute to improving their profitability.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the dominant approaches in women's sports with an emphasis on gender analysis.Methodology: The current research was qualitative research and used thematic analysis method. Therefore, 150 valid research articles were analyzed and coded based on conceptual commonality (gender approache in sport) and purposive sampling technique. The research validation method was also applied based on the presentation and feedback of the research results to the experts for its final approval.Results: Based on the theme analysis of the research data, from 11 basic themes were extracted three organizing themes including the domination of gender norms in sports, media representation of women's sports and gender discrimination in sports were identified, which were able to represent the central theme of gender dominant approaches in women's sports.Conclusion: Based on three basic themes, the change in the roles, attitudes and beliefs of the society towards women's sports can change the gender norms in sports; Quantitative and qualitative representation of women's sports in the media and social media to make appropriate objectification of women's participation; And finally, the establishment of gender equality in rights and benefits, resources, education and management can lead to a better understanding of women's sports and, as a result, create policies and strategic plans in this field.

Objective: The aim of the current research was a comparative study of the position of the right to health of people with disabilities with an emphasis on sports in national and international laws and regulations.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and a qualitative type, which was carried out with the method of content analysis. The statistical population was all national and international laws and regulations related to the right to health and the right to sport of all people in general and persons with disabilities in particular. The method of data collection was documentary and library and the tool used was coding checklist. George Brady's four-stage model was used for content analysis.Results: The findings indicated that despite the fact that the issue of health and sports of persons with disabilities has been stated in many national and international laws and regulations, in practice the measures taken have been very limited and achieving this goal requires increasing cooperation between the institutions in charge of the affairs of persons with disabilities, the institutions in charge of health, and the organizations and institutions in charge of sports.Conclusion: Understanding and interaction between the aforementioned institutions will have many benefits, such as reducing the costs of treating persons with disabilities and their mental and social health, and is a step towards sustainable development.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to present framework and analysis of convergence between countries in the field of sports and study Iraq and Iran.Methodology: The research method was a mixed qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (descriptive-analytical) type. In the qualitative part, the sample including academic experts (university sports management) and executive experts (national sports organizations) was selected from two countries (16 people) by judgment method (theoretical saturation). In the quantitative part, experts and experts in the sport of the two countries (with emphasis on the dominance and experience between the two countries) will be consulted in a targeted way (25 people = a sufficient number for strategic analysis of 20 to 60 people). The research tool in the qualitative part included a semi-guided interview along with a structured library study (25 documents). In the quantitative section, a questionnaire extracted from the qualitative section (21 questions with a scale of 10 options) was used.Results: The findings showed that the evaluation framework of the convergence between Iraq and Iran in the field of sports includes 58 indicators, 16 dimensions and 5 general perspectives (political and structural, executive and event, economic and industrial, scientific and educational, cultural and social of sports). The results of the quantitative section showed that at the level of the main landscapes; The largest gap is related to the convergence of executive and sports events (4.77) and the lowest gap is related to the scientific and educational convergence of sports (3.97).Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that the convergence of the two countries of Iraq and Iran in the field of sports can be evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively based on indicators and implementation examples.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify and explain the dimensions of the organizational attractiveness of sport sciences departments and faculties of Iranian national universities from the perspective of undergraduate students.Methodology: The research method was qualitative and in the form of thematic analysis. The statistical population includes undergraduate students in sport sciences departments and faculties of national universities. The sampling method was purposeful and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 participants until theoretical saturation. The coding technique was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed   that the organizational attractions of sport sciences faculties include three main themes: structural, conceptual, technology and innovation, which include 16 sub-themes and 65 concepts.Conclusion: This research can help managers and officials of Faculties and universities to understand the perspective of undergraduate students as external stakeholders, so they can provide better understanding for attracting them and creating, promoting and maintaining well-known organizational attractions.

Objective: The aim of this article was to study the role of sport in sustainable environmental development.Methodology: The research method is applied – developmental. method. In order to collect data, exploratory type of qualitative research. The statistical population included top managers of sport organizations (including National Olympic Committee, Ministry of Sports and some sports federations), specialists and experts of sport management in Iran and some managers of the Iranian Department of Environment of whom 13 experts were chosen by using purposive sampling method and snowballing technique. The semi-structured interview was used as data collection tool. Data analysis was done by using grounded theory through open, axial and selective coding.Results: The results indicated that the pattern of the sustainable environmental development based on the sport consists of 211 concepts and 25 subcategories which are causal factors including 4 articles, contexts with 4 categories, intervention factors with 5 categories, strategies including 8 categories and consequences with 4 categories respectively. Moreover, one category was considered as axial phenomenon.Conclusion: According to the results from the model, it was indicated that the sustainable environmental development based on the sport is affected by foresight, environmental values of sport, environmental requirements of sport, green sports movement, educational and research, communication and promotional elements, economics, structural, and managerial factors and can also lead to green productivity in sports and the quality of life and well-being of citizens.