Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2012 | Volume:19 | Issue:5 (80)|Papers Count:21

Introduction: In this study the effect of vitreous humor on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow to lens fiber-like cells was investigated.Methods: In this experimental study bone marrow cells were collected by flushing femurs and tibias in NMRI mice.Immunocytochemistry by Oct4 antibody was used to confirm that the cells are stem cells. The mesenchymal character of these cells was proven by their adherence and by such flocytometery markers as CD44, CD31. In experimental groups, MSCs were cultured with DMEM and bovine vitreous body for induction. The supplemented medium was changed every two days. The expression of a-crystalline, as the marker of lens differentiation, was detected by immunocytochemistry.Results: During the primary culture, the cell population was heterogeneous where varying morphologies such as flat, spindle-shaped, and polygonal were observed. In the subsequent passages, the number of the spindle-shaped cells appeared to increase, so that in passage 3 the majority of the cells seemed morphologically to be spindle-shaped.Immunocytochemistery study confirmed the presence of stem cells using Oct4 antibody. The flowcytometric analysis of surface markers revealed that mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells express CD44 and CD31 to a low level.Morphological studies showed that most cells in experimental groups were locally longer and more aligned in parallel compared to control group cells.a-crystalline expression proved the formation of lens fiber-like cells.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that MSCs derived from mouse bone marrow differentiate into lens fiber like cells by treating them with vitreous humor.

Introduction: Congenital toxoplasmosis is caused by acute toxoplasma gondii infection of mother during pregnancy, which may lead to such serious complications as stillbirth, ophthalmologic and neurologic disorders.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and their neonates, and disease complications.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, blood samples of 798 pregnant women were assessed for antitoxoplama IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA during 2007 -2009. Subjects suffering from acute maternal infection with toxoplasma gondii were considered as case group and those with chronic infection as control group. Nested PCR and ELISA/IgM were performed on four neonates of case group and five samples of control group. Demographic data of mothers and weight and neonates’ gestational age in case (4 subjects) and control groups (28 subjects) were recorded. All infants were followed for clinical symptoms until one year old. Data was entered SPSS and analyzed by Fisher exact test, chi-square and t-test.Results: Five out of 798 pregnant women (0.6%) were positive for IgM 1/100 and suffered from acute toxoplasmosis (case group). Nested PCR showed a 400 bp band in three neonates of case group which confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis, but it was negative in control group (P=0.048). The incidence rate of congenital toxoplasmosis was 3.7 in 1000 live births. Positive ELISA/IgM wasn’t observed in neonates of case and control groups. Only one infant of case group with congenital toxoplasmosis had icterus (P=0.12).Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis in neonates was diagnosed by nested PCR. Icterus was the only sign in infants with toxoplasmosis. In order to prevent this disease, follow–up and treatment of infants, screening of mothers during pregnancy and their health education before pregnancy are suggested.

Introduction: Progress in laboratory culture conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation has led to development of the treatment of human and animal infertility. In this study we investigated the effects of FSH and ascorbic acid on thein vitro maturation of mouse's follicles and enclosed oocytes.Methods: For experiment, intact pre-antral follicles were isolated from the ovaries of 6 week-old female mice and cultured in TCM-199 medium. Special quantities of FSH and ascorbic acid were added to the culture medium (containing 25-30 follicles) during separate experiments: 5, 20, 40, 60, 100, 140, 180 and 220 IU/L of FSH and 20, 40, 80, 240, 300 and 400 nmol/mL of ascorbic acid. Follicles were cultured for 6 days in an incubator at 37 °C, 92% humidity and 5% air CO2. Our study was semi-experimental. The entire statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS (version 14.0 for Windows) using one way ANOVA. Post Hoc tests were used for the multiple comparisons at 95% confidence interval. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: At FSH concentration of 100 IU/L increase in follicle diameter (190mm), survival rate (91%), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) (81%) and oocyte maturation rates (61%) was observed (p≥0.05).Ascorbic acid increased survival rate (42%, p<0.001) but didn’t affect diameter, GVBD and oocyte maturation rates.Conclusion: Ascorbic acid and FSH-containing medium showed a marked increase in all parameters except for follicle diameter. FSH and ascorbic acid increase the maturation rate of follicles and enclosed oocytes but if they are supplied in a combination, this growth rate can be significantly increased.

Introduction: Obesity is a state characterized by a low-grade inflammation that leads to insulin resistance.The aim of the present study was to assess serum interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in response to circuit resistance exercise in obese and normal-weight subjects with different levels of physical activity.Methods: Thirty-two healthy male students participated in the present study. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their BMI and level of physical activity: active obese (n=8), active non-obese (n=8), inactive obese (n=8), and inactive non-obese (n=8). To determine serum IL-6, IL-18, CRP, glucose and insulin concentrations, fasting and post-exercise blood samples were obtained. Subjects performed a bout of circuit resistance exercise in 2 sets with 10 repetitions at 60% of 1RM.Results: Obese subjects comparing non-obese ones showed significant increase in IL-6 and significant decrease in IL-18 concentrations in response to exercise (p<, 0.05). There was no significant difference between active normal and inactive normal subjects in response to exercise. Also, there were not significant differences in four groups in response to exercise.Discussion: The significant decrease in IL-18 concentration in the obese group comparing normal group in response to exercise was probably due to anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Also, recommending this kind of exercise for obese persons with low level of physical activity can improve insulin resistance.

Introduction: According to appropriate characteristics of glass ionomer cementum and constant increase of its usage in restorative field, so comparison of conventional and resin- modified glass ionomers seems to be useful. This study was designed to determine the shear bond strength of conventional and resin- modified glass Ionomers on enamel, dentin and cementum.Methods: This was an experimental study. Totally 60 molar intact teeth were divided into six groups. In groups A and D the surface of enamel was prepared 1mm, in groups B and E, the preparation was continued until the surface of dentin was exposed and in groups F and C the surface of cementum was only refreshed.In groups A, B, and C conventional glass ionomer and in groups F, E, and D resin-modified glass ionomer was used. For each specimen a plastic cylinder with 2mm diameter and 3mm height was bonded on treated surface and the teeth were filled by the relevant glass ionomer. In groups F, E, and D glass ionomer was light cured for 40 seconds. specimens were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine Then statistical analysis was performed using one- way ANOVA and LSD test (P=0.05).Results: The mean shear bond strength of groups A, B, C, D, E and F were 17.25, 14.77, 15.37, 27.30, 57.80, 23.50 Mpa, respectively. The difference between shear bond strength of groups F, E, and D with groups A, B, and C was statistically significant (P=0.001).Conclusion: The shear bond strength of the resin-modified glass Ionomers was significantly higher than that of conventional glass ionomer in all three surfaces.

Introduction: Considering the development of nanotechnology and extensive use of nano-materials are in different fields of industry, it is necessary to investigate their destructive effects on biological systems.Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used in the production of different dyes, cosmetics, ceramics, photocatalysts, water and sewage treatment and a lot of other products. In the present study, the effect of TiO2 on the number of blood cells and the activity of liver enzymes of rat was assessed.Methods: Concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 mg/Kg TiO2 nanoparticles (25 nm size) in distilled water were administered orally to Wistar rats for 14 days and some blood factors were studied on the blood samples collected.Results: Results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles cause different changes in blood cells, and the changes were significant for some of them such as white blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils).Decreased number of red blood cells and increased level of liver enzymes was also observed after the administration of different concentrations of TiO2, which proves the toxic effects of TiO2 on the body.Conclusion: Results of the present study proved the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles on the living organisms.So, further studies are recommended to predict TiO2 toxicity.

Introduction: Considering the importance of cancer as one of the main causes of mortality in the world and the role of various factors, including psychological ones in its onset. In this study we compared some of these factors such as personality traits, negative experienced emotions and coping styles in healthy women and those with cancer.Methods: In this study, 83 women with cancer (referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in a onemonth period) and 85 healthy subjects (selected by using available sampling method and matched with the first group). Then Personality inventory of Eysenck and inventory type D (DS14) and Folkman and Lazarus coping styles on were studied in both groups. Data analysis was performed by T Hoteling test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: Two groups of women (cancer- healthy) were significantly different for personality trait of extraversion, negative emotion experiences and emotional-oriented coping and problem-oriented coping.Conclusion: Women with cancer compared to healthy women experienced more negative emotions and had lower score in extraversion and used more emotion-oriented coping styles and less problem-oriented styles.

Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common clinical syndrome that presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation, and flatulence which may be intermittent. Also celiac disease, an enteropathy due to gluten sensitivity, presents with diarrhea resulting from mal-absorption, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis of IBS. If celiac is diagnosed in a patient suspicious to IBS, the treatment method will be changed completely. This study was designed to evaluate celiac disease in IBS patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 patients 15-50 years old suffering from IBS with diarrhea- predominant clinical picture, who were referred to Yazd gastroenterology clinics. The study data including age, gender and results of anti TTG measurement were collected and analyzed by SPSS 13.Duodenal biopsy was performed in patients that were positive for anti TTG for confirmation of diagnosis.Results: 125 patients suffering from IBS with diarrhea- predominant clinical picture entered the study.Their mean age was 29.85±9.22 years.74 subjects (59.2%) were males and 51 (40.8%) were females. Four patients showed positive anti TTG (3 males and 1 female). Duodenal biopsy was performed and diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed in all four patients (3 with March II and with March I grade). Totally the frequency of celiac disease was 3.2% in this study. There was no significant relationship between age, gender and anti TTG results, which can be explained by small sample size.Conclusion: According to the results of the study and the frequency of celiac, it is not an uncommon and rare disease, so it should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of IBS.

Introduction: Ethics, customs, and divine and human values in all scientific and non-academic issues are accepted among all human societies in different eras. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of nursing professionals about the patient's privacy.Methods: 21 participants were selected by theoretical sampling which was guided by emerging categories. All participants were interviewed individually. Subjects were interviewed in a private setting and transcription was done after each interview. In-depth interviews and semi-structured questions were used for data collection. Corbin and Strauss’ Ground theory methodology was applied in order to explain the process of patient's privacy. Data analysis was an ongoing process which was started during data collection. Data analysis method included a three-step coding process including open coding, axial and selective coding through repeated line by line reading of transcripts.Results: Four central categories were identified from transcripts' constant comparative analysis: weakness of system, actors with serious effort, trying to maintain privacy and tension creation.Conclusion: Familiarity with how nurses deal with patient’s privacy can improve professional development, client satisfaction and observation of their rights. Nurses with sensitivity to patient’s privacy can manage their expectations respectfully.

Introduction: This study analyses the risk factors that affect glycosylated hemoglobin index in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of each factor and design a polynomial model for predicting blood glucose levels according to the factors influencing it.Methods: In this study, risk factors including weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level and high-density lipoprotein level, were assessed among 403 subjects (170 males and 233 females) with age range of 19 to 75 years-old through interviews and tests. Then using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique that is based on the regression analysis, the most important risk factors effective on glycosylated hemoglobin index were determined and a polynomial model was introduced for predicting the level of this index.Results: The results show that at least 78 percent of changes of glycosylated hemoglobin index are described by risk factors of weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and remaining changes depend on other risk factors and genetic factors. Owing to these results, it can be declared that in men high-density lipoprotein and weight have the most and the least impact on the index value, respectively; while in women diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol level have the most and the least impact on the index value, respectively.

Introduction: Ghrelin is a peptide which is secreted from human stomach. It has an important role in the secretion of growth hormone, energy balance, obesity, food intake behavior, and some cardiovascular functions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an eight-week of aerobic exercise on plasma concentration of ghrelin and GH in non-athletic young women.Methods: Twenty young non-athletic women with mean age of 22±2/1 years and mean BMI of 21±1/07 Kg/m2 voluntarily entered the study and they were randomly divided into control and experimental groups.Experimental group conducted an aerobic exercise program three sessions each week and 60 minutes in each session with 70-80% of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks. Control group didn’t exercise. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the first and after the last session of exercise. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin and growth hormone were measured by ELISA and radioimmunoassay methods, respectively. Data was analyzed by independent samples T test and Pearson correlation test by SPSS (version16).Results: The eight-week period of aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in plasma concentration of ghrelin and a significant decrease in plasma concentration of GH.Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that exercise-induced increase in plasma ghrelin in response to negative energy balance didn’t stimulate GH secretion, so other mechanisms may be effective in this regard.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a ten week period of aerobic exercise training on serum alkaline phosphates and osteocalsin in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: In a quasi-experimental trial study twenty one male patients with type 2 diabetes (40-50 years) were randomly divided into exercise (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. The exercise group underwent a 10-week aerobic exercise program (three sessions per week, 45-60 minutes each session, at 50-65% of heart rate reserve). VO2max, BMI, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were measured at baseline and after exercise program.Results: Exercise program resulted in a significant increase in VO2max and a significant decrease in BMI, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in exercise group; however, no significant changes were found in the insulin concentration, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The bone formation markers and other measured variables did not show significant change in control group.Conclusion: These results suggest that aerobic exercise leads to glycemic improvement in type 2 diabetic patients, but does not affect serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin.

Introduction: There is some evidence that omega-3 fatty acids are associated with depression. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and placebo on mild to moderate depression.Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 outpatients with mild to moderate depression. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: receiving EPA supplement or placebo. EPA and placebo groups received two identical capsules per day for 12 weeks. Each capsule contained 500 mg EPA or coconut oil. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was used to determine the severity of depression at baseline, sixth and twelfth weeks after intervention.Results: Forty two patients (77.8%) completed the 12-week intervention. A statistically significant difference was observed in mean scores of HRSD between EPA and placebo groups at the end of the study (P=0.001).Mean scores of HRSD decreased over time in both groups so that the analysis of variance for repeated measurements showed a statistically significant time effect (F=50.55, d¦=1.32, P<0.0001). Also, a statistically significant treatment effect of EPA compared to placebo was observed over time (treatment*time interaction, F=12.67, d¦=1.32, P=0.0001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed the efficacy of EPA in treatment of depression, so its use is recommended as an add-on to antidepressant medications in treatment of mild to moderate depression.

Introduction: The probiotic strains of Lactic Acid Bacillus (LAB) not only affect gastrointestinal tract microflora and stimulate local immune system of this tract but also modify and stimulate systemic immunity by influence on lymph nodes and spleen. Several studies have shown the anti-tumor effect of these kinds of bacteria. This study was designed to assess the probiotic effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus on cisplatin efficacy among Balb/c mice with breast cancer.Methods: L. rhamnosusstrain was inoculated in MRS agar and cultivated for 24 h at 37°C. Female Balb\C mice (n=20) with invasive ductal carcinoma transplantation were divided into four groups: Control, L.rhamnosus, cisplatin and cisplatin plus L. rhamnosus. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected twice a week. Lr was administered daily by gastric intubation (3×108 CFU/day). The tumor size was measured every 3 days and mice were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection and tumor tissue was removed for more tests.Results: The results showed that oral administration of L. rhamnosus decreased the growth rate of tumor (p<0.05). One reason for antineoplastic effect of lactobacilli is immune system enhancement. The results of delayed-type hypersensitivity show the stimulation of immune system and inhibition of tumor growth by this mechanism. In pathologic assessments probiotic administration increased the antineoplastic effect of cisplatin.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study it can be expected that human studies also show the satisfactory effect of lactobacillus administration besides common therapeutic methods for cancer treatment.

Insulinoma is an insulin-producing tumor that leads to hypoglycemia. The signs and symptoms of this disease include confusion, headache, disorientation, visual disturbances, abnormal behaviors and coma.In this article, we report a case of insulinoma presented with increased frequency of pervious tonic clonic seizures from 2 weeks before admission.