IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY RESEARCH
Year:2012 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

In the high resolution satellite images (HRSI), the high accuracy depends on accurate mathematical models for the satellite sensors. Because, there is not satellite orbit information for the most of the new HRSI, this issue is very important in geometric correction of satellite imageries. The pre-processing of satellite images consists of geometric and radiometric characteristics analysis. By performing these operations, it is possible to correct image distortion and improve the image quality and readability. The radiometric analysis refers to mainly the atmosphere effect and its corresponding to feature's reflection, while the geometric correction refers to the image geometry with respect to sensor system with the launch of various commercial high-resolution earth observation systems. However, during the generating of satellite imageries, the projection, the tilt angle, the scanner, the atmosphere condition, the earth curvature and etc., will cause the satellite images to have distortion. So, It is necessary to correction these distortions before one can really use it as a precise measurement in the large scale operations. In this paper, different non-rigorous (generic) mathematical models investigate for geometric corrections over an IRS P6 (Resourcesat-I) Satellite imageries (exactly LISS IV sensor images) in Iran. The LISS IV sensor of the IRS-P6 (Resourcesat-I) satellite has the spatial resolution 5. 8 m with a enhanced spectral resolution. These different geometric models for performing the geometric correction on the satellite imageries includes Rational function models, different orders of polynomials models, projective, affine ( 2D and 3D) and DLT ( Direct Linear Transformation) model with the different numbers of GCP points. Therefore, these mathematical geometric models can be applied to determine the ground point coordinates in object space and so can be used to provide good sufficient insight about the rectified images. In fact non-rigorous mathematical models for geometric corrections of any images can be defined as the models, which can be precisely, present the relationship between the image space and the object space. With implementation of different transformation models on the test data in IRAN, we found the best transformation model in geometric corrections which have the minimum RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) rather than another transformation models.

Information tourism was written in this article as new kind of Tourism industry, with aims of; 1-Transmutation Iran to Scientific Excellence in regional and international area by possible of creation Information’ s standards and dissemination these scientific products in around the world, 2-impact of Information tourism on development of all kinds of tourism by use of knowledge management and information technology and communication between Specialist and Scientifics Practitioners.

Caspian Sea with area of 366400 square kilometers is the greatest lake of the world appeared as a result of analysis of the great Tethys Sea's remnants in the third geology period. While it has not all characteristics of a sea, it is vast and saline and has waves and connects to the open seas through Volga-Don channel; so it is called a sea. Following the former Soviet Union collapse and gas and oil discovery in Central Asia and Caucasia, it faced complex realities and interests in international political economy. These problems were mainly rooted in developed countries' arrangements for increase of their influence in the area and in Russia's traditional relations with the Islamic and Turkish governments in the region. This paper investigates the Caspian Sea oil resources and the related routs for oil transmission trough a descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, it studies the role of these factors in regional interactions of the coast line countries. Finally, it analyzes the Environment geopolitics of the Caspian Sea, with regard to the oil material pollutions and the Islamic Republic of Iran's policies. The results revealed that the new routs of oil transmission and Iran's active role in environment preservation may have a key role in the regional constructive interactions among the Caspian coastline countries.

The present study aims to rank the five-star hotels in Iran from the perspective of cooperate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions. The study is descriptive, and the population includes all of the Iranian five-star hotels, the number of which has been determined to amount to 26. Due to the limited number of hotels as well as the aim of the study, sampling has not been done, and the whole population has come under investigation. For data collection, a questionnaire, designed by the researcher, has been used. To validate the questionnaire, its face validity has been taken into consideration, and the reliability of the questionnaire has been calculated separately for each CSR dimension using Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, the fuzzy TOPSIS method has been used. The results show that Homa Hotel in Bandar Abbas ranks first among the hotels in regard to CSR dimensions.

Demand and desire for tourism with various incentives for the purposes of recreation, pilgrimage, and business, are increasing in the entire world with an incredibly speed. The rise of income levels, increased leisure time, changes in attitudes toward new concepts of life and the needs to international communication require that tourism to be developed. In terms of tourism attractions, Iran is considered as one of the world’ s most important tourist countries. The variety of attractions such as historical, natural, cultural, rural, and urban attractions around the land are the proof of this claim. In this regard, taking into consideration natural tourism potentials as well as positive and negative function of these attractions in health affairs and preserving the beauty of human life could encompass an important dimension of tourism by medical approach. In this regard, ornamental and medicinal plants and realizing their properties in maintaining health and welfare of the citizens of a community could have a greatest role in attracting tourist to the country. In the present study, having conducted a case study with analytical-descriptive approach on Fars province of Iran and doing extensive library and field study; while identifying and introducing plant species, especially ornamental and medicinal plants of the region, it is attempted to analyze multiple angles and functional aspects of these plants in maintaining community health and welfare, especially tourists, to attract tourists to this province.

Ecotourism could be help to conservation of the environment. Riparian forest of Maroon as a virgin area has ecologically importance and ecotourism development. In order to investigation and comparing the capability of LISS-III data in tourism riparian forest mapping, a small window of panchromatic and multispectral images IRS1D-LISSIII satellite data was selected at the Maroon tourism riparian forests in the Khuzestan province. The quality of the data and the radiometric error, orthorectification of LISS-III imagery was implemented using 9 ground control points and with RMS error 0/39 for X axis and 0/49 for Y axis. Some suitable image processing operations were applied on the main bands such as principal component analysis and appropriate vegetation indexes (NDVI) provide the corporation digital analysis in the classification processes. After selecting the training area were done use the classification Maximum likelihood algorithms. Classified was taken to seven and three user classes. Accuracy assessment for three-class classification showed overall accuracy of 98/80 and kappa coefficient of 0/84 that it was the best result. Based on the results LISS-III data have good ability for mapping and classification of Maroon riparian forest.

In recent years, tourism industry and especially ecotourism has been introduced as a new method of generating income and drawing human being’ s attention to the importance of nature as a source of income which is not renewable. Golestan Province has a remarkable natural variation. In this province there are many different natural phenomena such as sea, mountain, jungle, desert and moor each of which can attract tourists. In this article we tried to evaluate and measure the possibilities and potentialities of the ecotourism industry of the province using SWOT model. The findings shows that because Golestan is not much far from two crowded provinces of Tehran and Khorasan-e-Razavi, and also because it possesses temperate climate, thick jungles and hospitable people, ecotourism industry can be one of the most profitable and sustainable industries of the province. However, regarding ecotourism, lack of a suitable and inclusive programming and management along with localization are the main weakness of and hindrance to development of this industry in the province. The searching method used here was descriptive-analytic and the needed data and information were collected using field study observation and library research through interviews and questionnaires. At the end, it was aimed to find ways of improving the status of ecotourism in the province by systematically regarding and perceiving the weak and strong points along with opportunities and threats of this industry.

Climate is an important consideration for planning and management of tourist activities as it has a major effect on a tourist’ s experience. The Tourism Climate Comfort Index (TCI)determines the suitability of a climate for tourism in a specified area. TCI mainly consists of the following seven parameters: averages of maximum daily temperature for each month in terms of Celsius(T max); average daily minimum levels of humidity for each month as a percentage (RH min); average of daily temperatures for each month in terms of Celsius (DBT); average of daily humidity levels for each month in terms of percentage (RH mean); the average of daily total rainfall for each month in terms of millimeters (R), the average of records for daily wind speed for each month in terms of Km/ h (W), the average daily total sunshine hours for each month (S), the daily average hours of sunlight (s) for each month. Calculations for these parameters are all made according to the relevant mathematic relations and evaluations for these parameters are classified and entered into the GIS environment, so that a climate profile for tourism is determined for different regions. This research has attempted to survey and evaluate the conditions for tourism in Kohkilouye and Boerahmad (K. B) province based on the TCI. The results of this analysis using the TCI show that May and October have the best climatic conditions in K. B province and the months of January; February and December have the worst conditions for tourists.

Expressions of Rural tourism, agro tourism, and village tourism are used many times as synonyms by experts and developers. This fact can be explained with the diverse activities of the area. Countryside hospitality is more or less connected to the agribusiness and this marketing product consists of accommodation services, catering and leisure time services. Rural tourism can be defined as a tourism product, which approach accentuates the importance of supply management and marketing activities. As against conventional tourism, rural tourism has certain typical characteristics like; it is experience oriented, the locations are sparsely populated, it is predominantly in natural environment, it meshes with seasonality and local events and is based on preservation of culture, heritage and traditions. Iran is world famous for kind hospitality, friendliness, and a beautiful Landscape and villages. Beautiful historical villages and rural areas, like Abyane have been visited by many foreign and domestic tourists. Definitely, Tourism industry in the villages has positive and negative consequences. Some experts focus on the positive aspects and vice versa. Some experts disagree with this industry and believe that must be prevented rural tourism. The main purpose in this paper is to investigate the aspects of tourism in Abyane village by anthropology view. The method in this paper is quantities and also action research and tools of data collection is documental.