Koomesh
Year:2009 | Volume:10 | Issue:4 (32)|Papers Count:13

Introduction: Iron in the diet can influence the absorption of certain elements including zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg). In this study the effect of iron supplementation on zinc and magnesium concentrations in maternal milk and plasma at puerperal period were evaluated.Materials and Methods: Ninety nine non anemic mothers with single pregnancy and normal delivery were randomly enrolled in two groups (iron and placebo group); blood samples were collected at the time of delivery and also 140 mid 40 days after delivery. Milk samples were collected twice; at two weeks (transient milk) and 40 days after the delivery (mature milk). They were supplemented orally with either 150mg ferrous sulfate or placebo from the time of delivery for 40 days. Zinc and magnesium concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The maternal dietary intake for zinc and magnesium were similar between two groups. Mean iron indexes (ferritin, serum iron and TIBC) were not significantly different between two groups at the time of delivery. No significant differences in Zn and mg levels were detected in maternal milk between two groups but in plasma although there was no significant difference in plasma magnesium concentrations; The zinc concentrations was significantly (p<0.001) decreased in the group receiving iron supplementation (0.076±0.047mg/dL) compared with the group receiving placebo (0.163±0.137) until 40 days after delivery.Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that iron supplementation does not affect the contents of these elements in maternal milk but despite the possible improvement in body iron status, it can decrease the plasma zinc concentrations, so the zinc supplementation may be needed with iron.

Introduction: Nutrition is the most important aspect for healthy and disease in children and adolescents. This pre-experimental study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of developed dietary intervention programmed package in vitamin A and iron received in school children.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 120; 11-14 years old children along with their families were randomly recruited and divided in two experimental and control groups from Ajabshir Junior high Schools. Families' dietary history and dietary data from students by means of three consecutive 24-hour diet records and recalls before and after intervention were collected. Data collection has done by nutritional table and quaderprounch. Factors such as age, education level, job, income, type of home matched. Dietary intervention programmed package contained on role of vitamin A and iron received in growth and healthy, introducing sources of vitamin A and iron in nutrition and take 7 nutritional plans based on socio-economical level for families (21 plans for 3 levels). This plan flowed up for 30 days and the 2 questionnaires measured again in 2 groups.Results: The baseline data indicated that intake of most micronutrients were below the Recommended Dietary Allowance after the intervention period. Vitamin A and iron intakes of the experimental subjects were significantly higher than those of the control group (P< 0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that encouraging the consumption of rich but cheap and locally available dietary sources of vitamin A and iron can prevent vitamin A and iron deficiencies in school children. Thus to prevent micronutrients deficiencies, were commend establishing dietary intervention programs availability of foods and communities according to their cultural and socioeconomic status.

Introduction: In cancer patients various infections were developed due to severe neutropenia resulted from chemotherapy. There is controversy between initial monotherapy or multidrug prescription. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ceftazidime and imipenem in control of fever in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Materials ands Methods: 40 patients with cancer, fever and neutropenia (PMN<500), without recognized source of infection, were selected using the convenience and consecutive method. Using a random sampling, twenty patients were treated with imipenem (500mg Iv/Q8hr) and others with ceftazidime (2mg Iv/Q8hr). The criteria for positive response to the drugs were: fever isappearance during maximally 72 hours lasted for up to 24 hours, and increased neutrophil counts more than 500/ml.Results: Our results show that 60% and 55% patients with ceftazidime and imipenem were cured, respectively. 40% patients treated with ceftazidime and 45% patients treated with imipenem needed another antibiotic therapy at the same time. No significant relationship was found between different types of drug regime among the groups.Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that ceftazidime and imipenem have similar efficacy in treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Due to more availability and lower cost of ceftazidime than imipenem, ceftazidime is suggested as first line treatment in febrile neutropenia.

Introduction: Standard threshold shifts (STS) as an important indicator for identifying hearing loss in industries that they perform hearing conservation programs. The aim of this study is the investigation of the occurrence of standard threshold shift (STS) among workers of Isfehan metal industry using audiometric data and noise measurement level.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that performed among 2016 of workers in Isfehan Metal Industry. All of subjects were men and the rate of using personal protective equipment among workers were sometime=189, often=865 and always=962. At the first we determined the parts of plant that exposed to non permissible noise level and then measured exposure to 8 hour equivalent noise level. Finally in regard to basic audiometric and current audiometric, the occurrences of STS were examined.Results: This study showed that 29.9 % of workers have a STS in these workplaces. There are significance relationship between age, exposure time, noise level, wearing time and number of workers with STS. But there is no relation between precedence of work and STS statistically. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that occurrences of STS among workers exposed to noise are high. Thus, it is concluded that hearing conservation programs in these industries was unsuccessful.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an old disease that today becomes a re-emerging disease. AIDS, immigration and drug resistance have caused the change of the epidemiology of tuberculosis during the recent years. The aim of this study was to examine epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in Arak (Iran) during 1998-2008. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study based on the recorded epidemiologic information of TB patients in the health centers of Arak city during 10 recent years. At the first a questionnaire was completed for each TB patient; based on his/her epidemiologic information recorded by the experts of Arak health centers.Results: Total number of TB patients in Arak city between the years 1998 and 2008 was 789 persons. The most frequent number of patients was in the year 1999 and the least was in 2007. Among them, there were 301 men and 488 women. The mean of patient’s age was 52.91. 1% had jail experience and 0.4% also suffered from AIDS, 68.1% suffered from pulmonary TB and 31.6% suffered from intrapulmonary TB. The outcome of treatment is as following: 86.2%were cured. There was 18.4% death due to TB and 1.4% death due to other reasons. Also, there were 1.4% transferred, 0.5% interrupted treatment and 15% failure treatment.Conclusion: Although it seems that the incidence of disease has decreased, but this decrement is not significantly different. AIDS has no significant effect on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in recent ten years. According to our findings, declining the successful treatment and raising the rate of death due to TB shows the necessity of better patient finding, early diagnosis and perfect cure.

Introduction: Several predisposing and risk factors are introduced as main causes of coronary atherosclerosis which is the main cause of myocardial infarction (MI). In recent years, chronic and persistent infections are considered as such factors. This study is basically on determination of seropositivity to Chlamydia pneumonia to reveal the role of acute and chronic infections due to these bacteria as a risk factor for MI.Materials and Methods: 273 serum samples from MI patients and 109 samples from control group were examined by using commercial quantitative ELISA kits to measure specific anti Chlamydia pneumonia antibodies (IgM and IgG). Two groups were matched for age and sex. Results: IgM titers (ELISA) were negative in all patients and control cases, indicating lack of acute Chlamydial infection, but IgG titers were positive in 273 patients (94.4%), (mean average titer: 108 RU/ml) and in 109 control cases (84.4%) (mean average of titer: 61.9 RU/ml). We found no significant relationship between seropositivity to chlamydia pneumonia antibodies (IgG) with MI (P=0.104).Conclusion: In this study, no significant relationship was observed between serpositivity to Chlamydia pneumonia and subsequent incidence of MI. It seems that a large scale serological study with diagnostic molecular methods for detection of genome in biopsy tissue of atherosclerotic coronary artery will be more helpful to reveal the expected relationship.

Introduction: In this study, the effect of modified lumbo sacral orthoses on lordosis and lumbosacral angle and reliving pain and functional disability was investigated.Materials and Methods: 30 patients (19 females, 11 males) with spondylolysis (aged between 22- 57 years) were sampled in a simple randomized manner. They had a history of low back pain for 30.7 (in average) months. Modified lumbo sacral orthoses was prescribed for 3 months (23 hours daily). The brace was unique, bridged between xyphoid processes to pubic symphysis anteriorly and seventh lumbar vertebrae to gluteal prminency posteriorly.Results: Our results show that 3-months using the modified lumbo sacral orthoses resulted in significant decrement in pain and improvement in functional ability of patients. Although lordosis and lumbosacral angles decreased to 2.21 and 0.92 degrees, respectively, but these changes were not significant. Finally, patients with the lower duration of low back pain showed better results. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the modified lumbosacral orthoses, as a non-invasive procedure, can be used for conservative treatments in spondylolysis patients.

Introduction: The results of research show that work stress causes job burnout. Sport is one of the important means for reducing psychological pressures. This study is aimed at analyzing and comparing the rate of job burnout between athletic and non- athletic employees in Semnan.Materials and Methods: The population consisted of all female and male employees of Semnan. 120 athletic and 120 non- athletic employees were selected as samples. Data collected by Jackson and Maslach questionnaires. T test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The most important finding of this research is that emotional exhaustion of athletic employees is much less than non athletic employees in both sexes.Conclusion: Sport and physical activities can increase human being capacity to cope with psychological pressures in the workplace.

Introduction: Consanguineous marriage is an important type of marriage in the world including Iran. Familial marriage mean's marriage between a man and woman who has at least one common grandfather. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriage and some related factors in Tehran (2008). Material and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional with descriptive and analytic features. 180 couples who intend to marriage and come to heath care centers of Tehran's (summer 2008) medical universities were randomly assessed with an author's built questionnaire. Results: Means age of persons with consanguineous marriage and non-consanguineous marriage were 24.7 ± 4.2 years and 25.6 ± 4 years, respectively. The level of knowledge of majority of persons about the effects of consanguineous marriage was intermediate and lower. Most of people believed that genetic consult is very necessary. Frequency of consanguineous marriage was 17.7%. Incidence of familial marriage has no significant relationship with age, sex and education of persons (P>0.05), but there was significant relationship between occurrence of familial marriage and history of this type of marriage in their parent, family and friends (P<0.002). Conclusion: Although the majority of persons in this study has not a proper level of knowledge about the effects of consanguineous marriage and thus need genetic consult, but their friends were the most important reference of their information about familial marriage and it’s consequences. This reveals that communications and genetic consulters have a weak role in giving information to people.

Introduction: Analyzing water looped networks lead to spontaneous solving of some linear and non-linear equations. So repeating methods must be used. The goal of this study was to design a software tool for analyzing water looped networks by linear theory.Materials and Methods: The software has been written in Delphi programming language and process of calculation is as following: (1) forming independent linear equations of discharge in nodes of network, (2) forming approximate linear equations head loss in network loops, (3) simultaneous solving of total linear equations and approximate linear equations, (4) repeated forming linear head loss with closer approximate by result of solving equations, and (5) repeating stage three and four till stabilization results quantity of solving equations.Results: This software is able to solve the network with following specifications: (1) it doesn’t have any limitation in view point of the number of water network loops, (2) the looped networks consisting some sources, and (3) the networks containing pumps for increasing potential energy.Conclusion: Some networks with different characteristics such as the number of loops forming network, network with some sources and the networks containing pumps were analyzed by this software with hardy - cross methods and same results were obtained that these results are the evidence for proper work of this software. This software is not able to solve the networks containing pressure relief valves and checks valves and can get complicated in future.

Introduction: The most important problems after episiotomy is perinal pain which has more severity in the first day of postpartum. The aim of this study is to investigat the efficacy of 2% lidocaine gel versus diclofenac suppository in reliving of pain after episiotomy.Material and Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 130 women who had mediolateral episiotomy received 2% lidocaine gel (n = 65) or diclofenac suppository (n = 65) at Shabihkhani hospital in Kashan (Iran). Two groups were matched for age, gestational age, parity, education, nationality, infant sex and weight, type of episiotomy, consumption of pethedin in labor. After episiotomy repaired we administered 5cc lidocaine gel every 4 hours for women in lidocaine group and 100 mg diclofenac rectal suppository for women in diclofenac group. Using a verbal rating scale, pain ratings were recorded before the administration of the drugs and at 6 and 12 hrs after the first dose. Data were analyzed with t-test, c2 and fisher test.Results: Although there weren't any significant differences between pain severity in two groups at 6 hours (P=0.4) and 12 hours (P=0.6) after episiotomy repair, but women using diclofenac suppository had lower pain, Also there weren't any significant differences between two groups in consumption of analgesia in postpartum (P=0.2). There weren't any adverse effects with lidocaine gel or diclofenac suppository uses.Conclusions: This study suggests that lidocaine gel and diclofenac suppository have similar efficacy on episiotomy pain relief in the first day of postpartum.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the 13 musculoskeletal abnormalities (front head, lateral bending head, shoulder dropping, scoliosis, kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, flat back, pelvicobliguity, genu varum, x.leg, flat foot, pes cavus, and hallux valgus) after a period of exercise therapy on the blind boy students without secondary disability. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 60 boy students were included from secondary and high school (12-18 years old) including 34 congenital blind and 26 semi blind. They were selected among 135 students at Tehran Mohebbi blind school. They were tested by measurement tools (symetrigraph, antropometer, and podioscope). After examining the results by the New York test, the students who were diagnosed with one or more musculoskeletal abnormalities took part in fourmonth’s exercises with 3 sessions at weak. The results were registered after the end of the exercise program and administered secondary exam. The data before and after the exam were analyzed.Results: 80 percents of the blind students at pre-exam had musculoskeletal abnormalities which are decreased to 45 percent after exercises. There were significant differences on the rate of recovery at 11 abnormalities (Exact – Sign = 0 < 0/05) and there were not significant differences at pelvicobliguity and x.leg abnormalities (Exact – Sign = 1 < 0/05).Conclusion: the research findings emphasized on the validation and important of exercise therapy on musculoskeletal abnormalities.