RESEARCH IN ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:17 |Papers Count:6

It seems that the Arabic linguists are unfamiliar with the literal language that is not available to many of them, so that they will be able to find out in this field of jurisprudence discussions in lexical and inventive research. While they have a great role to play in lexical theory, and this is the discussion of the implications of sentences and the opposite of it. Scientists have studied some aspects of semantics (the argumentation), but these studies did not cover all the efforts of the principals in this regard. This research has been the subject of a dissertation, newsletter and interview between the news and the subject, and they have been implemented in the light of the prominent literary and verbal views that resulted in five theories, each with its own basis and arguments. Then the controversy over the famous comments of the syntacticians was made by Razi Estar Abadi. Then, Shahid Sadr's controversy on the theory of unity which is also the proof of the two sentences of the writings, which is the opinion of Kefayeh, was investigated. It has been noted that there is a difference between the two sentences even in their abstract status. Khoei believes in the implication of compositional and predicative sentence expressing sensual, like inform what happened in predicative sentence and not inform in compositional sentence that rejected by Shahid Sadr then criticizes four protests of Khoei to the famous opinion that it’s same implication of two sentences over full relation and has approved the famous opinion. Finally Shahid Sadr believes in the opinion of comparative relation. The comparative relation shares between two notions, first, the comparative relation in terms of the condition of realization that it’s in predicative sentence, second, to hold true in question world as its question in sentence, third, to hold true in aspiration world in aspiration sentence. Hashemi Shahroudi continued the way of his teacher (Shahid Sadr) and examined the issues of teacher and believe in the content of verb clause in creating relation.

Arabic grammar, for understanding the meaning of the Holy Quran, emerged from the various methods and then was promoted step by step until the current advanced level, thanks to the different ways that researchers of Arabic language utilized for understanding the meaning of these methods. Fazel Saleh Allsameraei is a contemporary grammarian that uses a different approach for the investigation of this science and attempts to return the meaning as spirit for inanimate body of logical arguments of grammar experts. This descriptive-analytical research studies the books of this author, especially the meaning of syntax, and investigates the methods that Fazel Saleh Allsameraei tried to revive the roughness and soullessness of science. One of the most important findings of this study is Allsameraei’s attempt to restore the syntax to the first two centuries of the Hijri and to examine it alongside rhetorical sciences, especially the science of meanings and the referral of the audience to the early sources of syntax.

Prepositions or better say, Jarr words, are the most dynamic words in Arabic and grammarians have presented different classifications from different points of view. But none of them have mentioned two-part multiple meaning division and two-part single meaning division. Multiple meanings consist of these seven words: from-from- to-on- in- for-to, and single meaning consists of other prepositions. The criterion of this new classification is for having multiple and exclusive usages and lack of these two properties in other prepositions. These exclusive usages which are our proofs for proving this claim, new classification, consists of: multiplicity of meaning of these prepositions, mediation of them for making transitive verbs which have object and its  derivations, using these prepositions, Jarr words, in making most of the compound or group adverbs, located in the unneeded usage, using them in Tazmin category (when a verb takes the meaning and usage of another verb) and in becoming Mansub (taking the voice "a") by removing the Jarr word and in the category of succession of Jarr words, and when time and place adverbs become Majror (taking the voice "e") by some of these seven Jarr words.

One of the most prominent features of the literary works of Ahmad Behjat (1932 -2011), Egyptian writer, journalist and critic, is the satirical tone of his words. He has portrayed the pain and suffering of the society, at the height of inconvenience, and in order to confront the community's disorganizations, to preserve supreme values, to create a balanced behavior, and to moderate the hard- line trends by means of satire. The present study seeks to focus on the author's most important satirical methods and techniques by using a descriptive-analytical method and reviewing the story of "Sa'em's Notes". The research findings show that satire is one of the most prominent feature of the author's style in explaining the contradictions and problems of the society, and to this end, he has used meaning enrichment techniques such as repetition, contradiction, use of animal language, paradox, playing with words and meanings, poking fun, and literary adaptation.

Semiology is a knowledge based on the signs and features like language signs. In semiology, the researcher considers phonetic (external) and conceptual (semantic) aspects of the language and the analysis of implicative relationship. The semiology is based respectively on the linguistic and logical theories of Saussure, Rifater; each of which has also noted to analyze this issue in the literary texts along with considering the implications of the signs. This study addressed to analyze the semiotic phonetic and lexical levels of the poem “Al-nabi Al-majhool” written by Abu’l-Qasim al-Shabbi and to investigate it based on the theories developed by Saussure and Rifater in both levels of vertical and horizontal axis of the text.The analysis of this poem in vertical axis includes the musical and phonetic level as the lexical level and the composites. However, in the horizontal axis of the text, the semiotic aspects of the topic and performance of the theories presented by Saussure, Rifater and Pierce were analyzed. In interpretive process of visual and symbolic semiology of this poem, frustration of the poet with ignorance of his people is discussed where the poet has failed in his recalling for awakening and inviting them for revolution against the oppression.

The phoneme is considered smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other.  Relation between phonology and semantics placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. And difference between linguists continue until now. Some of them believe that there are functional role for phoneme in innovative text. Whereas others believe that there is no relationship between meaning and phonem .In this article we count phonemes in Emraolqeis poem and we express presence and absence defamiliarisation in woman description woman description constitutes part of the ignorance poem. And then we try to analyze the relationship between presence and absence defamiliarisation and meaning in woman descriptions. Finally we came to the conclusion that the phoneme functional role in poetic text. and in woman description for Emraolqeis poem the Phonemes that are associated with meaning are abundant And the phonemes that have no relationship With meaning are scant.