OLYMPIC
Year:2000 | Volume:8 | Issue:SERIAL 17 (SUPPLEMENTARY)|Papers Count:11

Hyperlipidemia plays a strong role in coronary artery disease and is the second major risk factors in our population in Isfahan. This study ' investigated the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on serum lipids. Methods: Our group in the cardiac rehabilitation center chose a group of 120 patients who were referred after cardiac surgery or post- MI and followed them for 2 months. 60 patients participated in cardiac rehabilitation program containing 24 exercise sessions (45-60 minute/ session), dietary consultation and mental health and 60 patients (control group) being the same as the intervention group in age, socio-economic status, serum lipids profile, history of coronary heart disease and other risk factors who didn’t participate in cardiac rehabilitation program because of begin far from this center or other reasons. At first the 14hour fasting blood samples of two groups were sent for serum total cholesterol (T.Cho), triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and in the same manner12 weeks later, the same samples were taken and measured the following data was obtained using students test.Results: T Cho, TG and LDL-C of intervention group has decreased in 70%,62% and 76% of patients and in 86% patients, HDL-C showed an increase. T.coh, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C was normalized in 35%, 30%, 68% and 66%, respectively after finishing their 2 month course which overall showed a 20, 56, and 30 mg/dl reduction in serum lipids respectively and 0.8 reduction in LDL-C / HDL_C (P<0.05) and 5 mg / dl increase serum HDL-C (P<0.05) in intervention group vs. control group. Discussion: The decrease in T.cho, TG and LDL-C and increase in HDL-C in all patients and normalization of lipid profile in most of them shows the importance of rehabilitation in cardiac patients and the need for its continuity.  

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) also termed chronic airflow limitations (CAL) is a group of diseases of the respiratory tract that produce an obstruction to airflow. COPD is the fifth leading cause of death and the second leading cause of morbidity in United States. COPD includes bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, exercised induced bronchospasm and cystic fibrosis. Exercise prescription for patients with mild lung disease can be the same as that used for normal subjects, for patients with moderate lung disease exercise is usually performed at an intensity no greater than 75% of the ventilatory reserve. Exercise duration is 20 minutes, and frequency is 3 times per week. Patients with severe lung disease (PVC and PEV below 55% of predicted Values) require a modified approach to exercise testing and prescription. Results of studies revealed that high- Intensity exercise training (associated with lactic acidosis is more effective than low- Intensity training (not associated with lactic acidosis) in producing physiological training effects in COPD patients, and diseases verity did not influence that ability of COPD patients to achieve physiological benefits from exercise training. There is a consensus that there is a threshold intensity below which not raining effect will occur. On the whole, better results are obtained after programmes featuring larger number of sessions performed at higher work rates. Patients eligible for an exercise training programme should have had no recent exacerbation of disease and receiving appropriate bronchodilator therapy. In conclusion, exercise training should be regarded as a mainstay of pulmonary rehabilitation. It certainly improves the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic airways obstruction.

Cardiovascular diseases specially heart attacks are presently very common in the world. Physical rehabilitation seems to reduce the adverse effects of these disease. This study investigates the effects of a period of the physical rehabilitation on the functional capacity and the psychological conditions of patients with heart problems. The effects of 8 weeks exercising activities, 3 sessions per week at least 45 minutes, on physical functions and psychological conditions of the patient with heart attacks, are investigated in this study. For this purpose 80 patients referring to the Centre for studies about heart and blood vessels were randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups. Comparison of the results before and after the period of exercising with the use of a spss/win computer software and a paired T-Test and an independent T-Test, and specifying the P value with regard to the mean of variations of the studied parameters shows that the mean of the variations of the parameters of functional capacity, weight, BMI index, heart rate systolic blood pressure in experimental group is significant as compared with the control group (P<0.05). But the diastolic blood pressure showed no significant variations (P=0.09). Moreover, the study of psychological characteristics like depression, anxiety, and hostility shows significant variations in experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Although, personality characteristics have significant variations, these variation do not show any significant differences with the experimental group (P<0.05). Physical rehabilitation increases the physical ability which itself increases self-confidence and reduces negative feelings. Consequently, the development of rehabilitation centers plays an important role in the rehabilitation of the patients.

Obesity is a risk Factor of many disease including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and gall blader: It is determined by two important determinants including "body mass index" (BMI) indicating general obesity status and "waist to hip ratio" (WHR) indicating abdominal obesity which is the most dangerous kind of obesity. This study investigates the best way for controlling obesity especially the abdominal one by comparing three groups with low calorie diet, exercise of both with control group.Method: Sixty men, aged 20-50 years old, with BMI of 25-40 (first and second degree of obesity) were selected randomly among those referred to Mobareken Steel Complex Body building Club. They had no history of other diseases and were divided into 4 equal groups. Based on the agreement of all groups, group one was recommended only a low- calorie diet (500 calories/ day). Group two underwent a combined program including an ordinary diet and exercise activity (3 aerobic exercise sessions per week, each lasting 1.5-2 hours). Group three and group four were recommended a low calorie diet as well as exercise, and an ordinary diet (no reduce on calorie), respectively. Group one and group four agreed not to change their physical activity level for three months. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, hip and waist girths were determined at first and repeated 2 times per month for 3 months.Results: Mean BMI reduction in four groups are 2.5:t1, 2±0.8, 4.8±1.3, and 1.1±0.33, respectively. Mean of decreasing WHR in four groups are 0.03±0.01, 0.04±0.02, 0.1l±0.07 and 0.0, respectively. Comparing changes of BMI and WHR in group three with the other groups has a significant difference (P<0.05) and low calorie diet caused to reduce BMI significantly.Conclusion: Comparing different ways for controlling obesity show that low calorie diet is effective in decreasing general obesity. But it's very health- beneficial to consider both exercise and low- calorie diet for controlling abdominal obesity especially being a risk factor for most diseases including CVD.

The objective of this study to examine the effects of submaximal exercise in crawl swimming with a controlled breathing frequency on some biochemical characteristics, aerobic capacity and the performance of the young swimmers.Among 100 volunteers from university students who hand swimming skills, 38 students were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups underwent an 8 weeks training program, including three session per week and 1½ hours in each session. In average, the intensity of the exercise was set 60% HR reserve. In the experimental group, subjects were asked to control their breathing frequency (2-6 strokes between two consequent breathing maneuvers increasingly) during swimming. While, the control group were asked to breath as usual (one breathing maneuvers in each stroke). Before and after the experiment, the subject’s' blood samples were examined to measure PO2, PCO2, PH, HCO3, %SO2 and CPK and LDH enzymes.VO2-max and swimming record were tested with Astrand field submax test and chronometer, respectively.Results showed that in the experimental group, PCOz, CPK, LDH and VO2 max were significantly (p<0.05) increased by %6, %38, %56 and %23 respectively. Also, the experimental group showed a better speed (% 12 faster) in 30m distance swimming than the control group. In conclusion the interval swimming exercise with controlled breathing frequency may increase both aerobic and anaerobic capacities of swimmers and may lead them to a better performance.

Maximal aerobic power or maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max), the minimum rate at which oxygen can be consumed is an important matter which extremely has been inquired in physical education and sport science researches, direct measurement of Vo2maxis expensive both in terms of time and cost of precise gas analysis. Thus, various predictive tests have been devised to measure Vo2max.The main purpose of this thesis (investigation) was to explore a field test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) by using a spirometer test. Vo2max was determined in 43 runners (endurance=19 speed =24) subjects 19 to 29 yr using a ergometer protocol (intensity with 150W or 900 kg/m/min), (Mean± SD Vo2max=51.36 ± 5.46). Then, vital capacity was measured by using a Spirometer apparatus, Too (mean± sd vital capacity= 4753.49=474.88).For statistical analysis, multiple regression analysis (best sub-sets) is used to estimate Vo2max(M1. kg-1. Min-1) by the following predictor variables: vital capacity (ml); age (yr); peripheral cage (cm).The best equation (n=43) was:Vo2max= 73.8368+ (0.0045 ×vc).(0.5422 ×age)-(0.4241×prie) The accuracy of equation was studied by statistical computer programs, and veiled precise results. The results indicate that this spirometer test protocol provides relatively a valid sub maximum assessment for Vo2max estimation.

Body composition analysis is an important clinical marker for risk of obesity- influenced condition, also the anthropometry science survey relationship between athletic performance and functional anatomical systems output, such as local strength, power development anaerobic and endurance potentials.The purpose of this project was cross validation regression equations and the accuracy determination for estimating body density (BD) in the male wrestlers, using noninvasive skinfold method. One hundred and forty youth athletes (age:23/4=0/24 years, heigh: (72.4=0.9 cm and weight: 79/4=2/2 kg, Mean= SEE) without any history physiological or skeletal diseases were participated during hydration condition. Fat thickness was measured at 9 sites, using the desitometric skinfold method. Predition equations for BD and body fat (BF) were cross-validated using SLOAN (EQ1), JACKSON (EQ2), LOHMAN&Brozek equations respectively. Conclusion: The best BD & BF selected equations by Sloan and Jackson equations are as follow:BD1= 0.97(BD3)-0.029 [R2=0.987, SEE=0.002, P< 0.001] BF1= 1.358(BF3)-1.089[R2=0.938, SEE=2/135, P<0.00l] These data indicated that EQ1&EQ2 generalized multiple regression equations are valid estimating anthropometric bd of Iranian male wrestlers.

And that of young male athlets in different principles in Tehran. Accordingly, a sample of 619 were examined randomly. As such that 306 of them were (from eight sports) and 313 of that non-athletes- measuring the underskin body fat percentage is estimated by slaughter equation (reprinted of lohman 1992).The statistical analysis of findings indicates a significant difference (p=0.813) between the fat percentage of athletes and nonathletes. The average percentage of the body fat of the athletes and non- athletes were 14.932 and 15.08% proportionally. Also by ANOVA, it was proved that there is a significant difference (p= 0.000) between athletes in different sports principles. In this regard, track and field athletes have had the lowest fat rate (10.48%) and swimmers have had the highest one (20.04%).By the way, (r) correlation coefficient between the fat percentage and the fat free mass (F.F.M) was examined, and that showed a significant difference as r = 0.34, p= 0.001.The considerable results of this survey was significant in percentage of fat, fat free mass, mass, height in non-athlete group by which it, itself, included two groups (north and south division). In all cases, the north division nonathletes have had higher fat rate in compare with south division's. The reasons behind these datas are as follows: The fat percentage of non -athlete students of north division is higher than south division. (p= 0.000). Fat free mass of non-athlete students from northern division is more than southern division.(p= 0.007). The height of non - athletes of northern division is higher than southerns. (p= 0.000) The mass of non- athletes of northern division is more than southerns. (p= 0.002)

Normal lumbar lordosis is very crucial in good standing posture. Among many factors which effect the curvature of lumbar lordosis the effect of hamstring muscles have not been established well. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the length of hamstring muscles and the amount of lumbar curvature in two groups of athletic and non athletic male students (M=20-25 years).The findings indicated that there was no significant relationship between the length of hamstring muscles and the lumbar curvature (P<0.05).