Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
Year:2024 | Volume:12 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Divorce is a phenomenon that not only disrupts the psychological stability of the couple but also impacts the emotional well-being of their children and those around them. This study aimed to develop a life skills training program using a solution-oriented approach and to assess its effectiveness on the social skills of children with behavioral problems in divorced families. Methods: This research utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up, including a control group. The study population consisted of children aged 12 to 18 with behavioral problems, residing in the cities of Rabat Karim and Baharestan, whose parents had divorced between one and five years prior. Thirty participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group, with 15 participants in each group. The data collection instruments included the Adolescent Behavior Problem Self-Report Scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and the Social Skills Scale (Elliott & Gresham, 1990). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of a life skills training program (developed by the World Health Organization) using a solution-oriented approach (De Shazer, S). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05, utilizing SPSS version 26. Findings: The results indicated that the experimental group, that received life skills training with a solution-oriented approach, showed significantly improved social skills in the post-test compared to the control group (p < 0.01). These positive changes were maintained through the follow-up stage (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that life skills training with a solution-oriented approach is an effective intervention for enhancing the social skills of children with behavioral problems in divorced families, as it provides an opportunity for learning essential skills.

Introduction: Examining the mental health of female heads of the household and the factors affecting it is important. studies have shown that psychological capital can predict the mental health of people. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the lived experience of women heads of households about the role of psychological capital in mental health. Methods: The research was a qualitative phenomenological type. The participants of this research were the female applicants who were the head of the household covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Birjand. interviews were conducted with 21 women through the purposeful criterion sampling method and based on the entry criteria, and this process continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. The research tool was semi-structured interview. To analyze the data from Colaizzi's seven-step strategy and to validate the answer to the main research question about the role of psychological capital in the mental health, Guba and Lincoln's four criteria were used. Finally, the research data was coded in the MAXQDA-11. Results: The data were categorized into 4 axes: "self-efficacy", "resilience", "optimism" and "hope". The analysis showed that the psychological capitals, including self-efficacy, resilience, optimism and hope, have played a very important role in dealing with psychological tensions and developing the mental health of female heads of households. Conclusion: The results while explaining the importance of psychological capital in improving the mental health of women heads of households and the importance of conducting more extensive research with the aim of understanding the dimensions of this effect, bring this importance to the support organizations to work hard in order to improve the psychological capital of women heads of households

Introduction: Mothers of children with specific learning disorder experience more psychological pressure than other mothers due to their children's learning problems, and this may lead to changes in some psychological components in them. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing psychological flexibility and cognitive fusion in mothers of children with and without specific learning disorders. Methods: The statistical population included all mothers of children with specific learning disorders in Sanandaj city who had referred to learning disorder centers for the treatment of their children's learning disorders during the academic year of 2023-2024. Among these mothers, 75 people were selected by targeted sampling method, and 75 mothers of normal children were selected as the comparison group. Among them, 75 mother were selected by available sampling method, and 75 mothers of normal children were selected as the comparison group. The tools were acceptance and action questionnaire-second version (AAQ-II) and cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ) and collected data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by SPSS-28. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups of mothers in terms of psychological flexibility and cognitive fusion, so that the average scores of mothers with children with specific learning disorders in psychological flexibility (F=29.510; p<0/01) were lower and in cognitive fusion (F=49.127; p<0/01) were higher than the normal group.   Conclusion: Given the findings of this study, mothers of children with special learning disorders in comparison with mothers of normal children experience lower psychological flexibility and higher cognitive fusion. It suggests to consider special courses for mothers of children with special learning disabilities in order to strengthen their psychological flexibility, decrease cognitive fusion and improve other psychological components.

Introduction: The families of children with intellectual disability, especially their mothers, are under more psychological and physical disterss than the mothers of healthy children, such a situation can lead to a decrease in life satisfaction and mental health in the mothers of these children. therefore, purpose of this study was to investigating mediating role of grit in the relationship between psychological hardiness and resilience with life satisfaction and mental health among mothers of children with intellectual disability Method: In this research the statistical population all mothers of children with intellectual disability of Khorramabad in year of 2022-2023. The sample size was selected based on Kline (2023) formula and with subjective sampling method of 300 people. To measure the variables, satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), mental health inventory (MHI), psychological hardiness scale (PHS), resilience scale (CD-RISC) and short grit scale (GRIT–S). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated. Results: The findings showed that the direct paths were significant and grit in the relationship between psychological hardiness and life satisfaction (β=0.521 and sig=0.005), psychological well-being (β=0.471 and sig=0.002) and psychological helplessness (β=0.352 and sig=0.038) has a mediating and significant role. Finally, the results showed that grit in the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction (β=0.535 and sig=0.003), psychological well-being (β=0.271 and sig=0.036) and psychological helplessness (β=0.311 and sig=0.013) has a mediating and significant role. In addition, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and analyses also revealed that 89% of the variance of life satisfaction, 77% of the variance of psychological well-being and 75% of the variance of psychological helplessness is explained by psychological hardiness and resilience with mediating role of grit. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the welfare organization, in addition to providing material assistance and support to these families, should also pay attention to the problems of the mothers of these children, and with the help of psychologists and workers, mothers who are less satisfied with life and health should be taken into consideration.

Introduction: Knowing some emotional components and personality traits underlying the tendency to use drugs among young people is highly sensitive; In this regard, this study investigates Formulation of a Model of Substance Use Tendency Based on Alexithymia and Impulsivity with the Mediation of Mentalization. Methods: The present descriptive-correlation method was a type of structural equation modeling methods. The statistical population of the research was all the youth of Kermanshah city in 2023. For this purpose, 420 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered The Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, Toronto alexithymia Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Reflective Function Questionnaire. The data obtained from the considered questionnaires were analyzed by AMOS and SPSS version 23. Results: The results showed that the assumed model of the current research has the necessary fit with the data. The results obtained from structural equation modeling indicated that the direct path of the variable of alexithymia (β = 0.63, T = 5.99), impulsivity (β = 0.37, T = 4.28), certainty (β= -0.66, T=-4.81) and uncertainty (β=0.62, T=-7.70) on the tendency to substance use were significant. Also, the indirect effect of alexithymia (P< 0.05, b = -0.39) and impulsivity (P< 0.05, b = -0.46) It was significant on the tendency to use substance through the mediating role of mentalization (certainty). In addition, the indirect effect of alexithymia (P< 0.05, b = 0.52) and impulsivity (P< 0.05, b = 0.60) It was significant on the tendency to use substance through the mediating role of mentalization (uncertainty). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that a coherent understanding of the components of alexithymia and impulsivity and especially mentalization in the pathology of addiction is a key element in the evaluation. And probably the clinical work with patients addicted to narcotic substance and also other people who tend to use substance.

Introduction: Adolescence is associated with many challenges, including behavioral problems. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of solution-oriented therapy and intervention based on parent-child interaction on behavioral disorders of middle school students. Methods: The current study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all first and second high school students with behavioral problems in the second education district of Kerman in the academic year of 1402-1403. 45 students from the mentioned community were screened and selected as the final sample and were replaced in two experimental groups (intervention based on parent-child interaction and solution-oriented therapy), 15 people and a control group (15 people) in a completely random way. The data collection tool included the Achenbach Child Behavior Problems Inventory (CBCL). To analyze the data, the method of mixed analysis of variance with repeated measurement and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used with SPSS-26 software. Results: The results showed that solution-oriented therapy and parent-cook interaction training were effective on internalized (anxiety, depression, withdrawal and physical complaints) and externalized (law-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior) problems and caused These problems have been reduced. Also, the results showed that solution-oriented therapy was more effective in reducing internalized problems and externalized problems compared to parent-cook interaction training (P<0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study showed that solution-oriented therapy and parent-child interaction training have an effect on the behavioral problems of adolescents, and these approaches can be used to improve their behavioral problems.

Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes often experience poor sleep quality, which can affect the severity and management of the disease, as well as the psychological well-being of patients, by disrupting metabolic function and glucose intolerance. Considering the effect of bibliotherapy, behavioral activation therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sleep quality in different groups, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing these three interventions on sleep quality in females with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The current reserch method was semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and control group on a three month follow-up. 60  people from  the  female clients with  type  2  diabetes  referred to Tehran  Sajjad Clinic of  the first three months of the year 2023, were purposefully selected and placed in four groupes of 15 (three experiment groupes and one control group). The interventions were performed for test groups.The control group did not recived any intervention. Data were collected with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Buysse et al. (1998) in the three stages of pre-test, post -test-and, follow-up. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 22 software using anaysis of variance with repeated measures method and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Results: The results showed a significant effect of all three interventions at post-test and follow-up on sleep quality at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05) between the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with behavioral activation treatment and bibliotherapy on sleep quality at post-test and follow-up, but there was no significant difference between the effect of behavioral activation treatment and bibliotherapy at post-test and follow-up at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness and stability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, it is suggested to implement this intervention as a Complementary intervention in medical centers with the aim of increasing sleep quality caused by diabetes complications along with medical treatments.

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women and the second leading cause of death in women after lung cancer. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between death anxiety and spiritual health and social support in women with breast cancer. Methods: The research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included women with breast cancer referred to selected oncology centers in Tehran. The research sample consisted of 160 people who were randomly selected. The research tools included questionnaires related to demographic information, Templer's death anxiety (TDAS), Polotzin and Ellison's spiritual health (SWBS), and perceived social support (MSPSS). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25 software. Results: The data showed that the average score of death anxiety in women with breast cancer was 7.89, the average score of spiritual health was 84.84, and social support was 64.97 and at a high level. Also, the data showed that there is an inverse and significant negative relationship between the level of death anxiety and spiritual health and between the level of death anxiety and social support in women with breast cancer. Conclusions: Cancers that are related to female identity damage cause more anxiety in women. Therefore, the treatment staff, especially the nurses of the cancer department, the family of these patients and the surrounding people should keep this issue in mind in order to provide the necessary support to these patients.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to comparison of effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with cognitive-behavioral coaching on psychological well-being of women victims of domestic violence. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all women who were victims of domestic violence (by their husbands) who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Tehran in 1401. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 75 people were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 25 people) and one control group (25 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy  and cognitive-behavioral coaching, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data wife abuse questionnair (WAQ) of Ghahari and et al (2005) and psychological well-being scale (PWBS) of Ryff (1989). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). Results: The results of the study showed that of cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral coaching in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on psychological well-being of women victims of domestic violence (P<0.05) and cognitive-behavioral coaching is more effective in psychological well-being (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral coaching can be used as a treatment method to on psychological well-being of women victims of domestic violence and the priority of use i with cognitive-behavioral coaching.

Introduction: Many studies have studied the etiology of eating and sleeping disorders. However, the success rate of the current treatments of these two disorders has been limited due to insufficient knowledge of the psychological mechanisms involved. The present study was conducted with the aim of development of a structural model for symptoms of eating disorders and sleep problems based on childhood trauma with the mediation of alexithymia. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation model. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the people who referred to the clinics and psychological service centers of Tehran in 2023. Among the statistical population, 280 people were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools were: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, Sleep Disorder Questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 23 software were used. Results: The findings indicated the fit of the desired model. The obtained results indicated the indirect effect of childhood trauma on eating disorders (P<0.05, β=0.47) and sleep problems (P<0.05, β=0.51) through alexithymia. The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 69% of the variance of eating disorders and 79% of the variance of sleep problems. Conclusions: The results showed that alexithymia is a factor that makes people with primary trauma more vulnerable to eating and sleeping disorders. Future research could improve treatment outcomes for eating and sleep disorders by adding clinical interventions that target alexithymia.