Journal of Pediatric Perspectives
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:1-5 (21)|Papers Count:10

Introduction Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a non-uremic defects of urinary acidification. It is characterized by a normal anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; plasma potassium may be normal, low or high-depending on the type of RTA. These syndromes differ from uremic acidosis which is associated with a high anion gap, decreased glomerular filtration with enhanced proton secretion by the remaining nephrons. Case Report We presented a 2 year-old male child with features of acute kidney injury with growth retardation. On evaluation the child was diagnosed to have distal renal tubular acidosis with grade 4 vesicoureteral reflux with right sided single kidney. Conclusion The child had congenital malformation of renal system which was not evaluated previously and remains untreated for long duration which leads to growth retardation and presented in a serious condition in our case.

Introduction: Indian childhood cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease usually seen in pediatric age group and is unique to the Indian subcontinent. The definitive causative factor for the disease is not found till now but excess copper ingestion has been associated with it. Case presentation An Indian origin one and half year old premorbidly normal male child presented with history of gradual distension of abdomen for 6 months and jaundice, generalized body swelling, high coloured urine for 20 days. There was no history of any bleeding or feature suggestive of hepatic encephalopathy. On physical examination child was icteric, pale and had anasarca, massive hepatosplenomegaly and ascites. The child was evaluated for various causes of hepatic failure in pediatric age group including infective, metabolic and autoimmune etiologies. Unfortunately the child succumbed to the illness. The post-mortem liver biopsy and copper estimation cleared the air, revealing Indian childhood cirrhosis as the underlying etiology. Conclusion Though Indian childhood cirrhosis is a rare entity and reported less frequently in literature, the treating pediatrician should keep this as a differential in case of pediatric hepatic failure. The liver biopsy and hepatic copper estimation are the gold standard diagnostic tests for diagnosing Indian childhood cirrhosis.

Introduction: Leisure time is one of the critical issues in the dynamics of the process youth education and training and addressing to it is a solution for bottlenecks and is the key to solve its problems and finally can be consider as a strategy to planning for a desirable and worthy leisure time. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity in Leisure Time and Juvenile Delinquency in Detained Boys in Yazd city (Center of Iran). Materials and Methods In this descriptive correlation study, 254 boys in Yazd prison, were selected randomly according to the Morgan formula for determine the sample size. Demographic characteristics questionnaires, including Bahrami leisure time questionnaire and Bahrami delinquency rate questionnaire (2013) questionnaires were distributed among them. Finally to ensure the normal distribution of data the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was done and for data analysis Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, one sample t-test and ANOVA test were used. Results A total of 254 boys, in Yazd prison, participated in this study. Our results demonstrated that there was a significant inverse relationship between training and exercise sessions and delinquency rate in imprisoned boys (P≤0.05). Also there was a significant inverse relationship between delinquency rate and the amount of interest to physical activity in imprisoned boys (P≤0.05). Between the satisfaction of spending leisure time with delinquency rate, there was a significant inverse relationship too (P≤0.05). Conclusion This study showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between physical activity and delinquency rate in imprisoned boys; it is suggested to be provided for Juvenile physical activity as the reduced rate of delinquency.

Introduction: Emotional distress in women during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of adverse outcomes for women and newborns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support from family in pregnant women and pregnancy-related factors. Materials and Methods The study included 358 postpartum women in the second half of the year 2014 in Fatemiyeh Hospital in Shahroud, North East of Iran. The data collection instruments included Perceived Social Support - Family Scale (PSS-Fa). Results Eleven (1.3%) women had poor family support, 100 women (27.9%) had moderate family support and 247 women (69%) had good family support. There was a significant relationship between mother’s scores of family support and her age and education, so that mothers with high school diploma and higher education had scores which were significantly higher than the others( P<0.05). Also, women whose husbands were smoking or drug abuser had lower support scores. There was a significant relationship between social support and the number of pregnancies and pregnancy complications, so the mothers had more pregnancies, the social support was lower (P<0.05). Social support in unwanted pregnancies was significantly lower than the wanted pregnancies (P<0.05). Conclusion Family and social support is associated with pregnancy side effects and outcomes and the social support in high-risk women and unwanted pregnancies was lower.

Introduction: Clinical policies of “10 steps of breastfeeding” proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) can promote breastfeeding. The goal of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding in the first hour after birth and factors affecting on, in Shiraz baby friendly hospitals. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, the data is related to mothers and infants referring to two baby friendly hospitals in Shiraz-Southwest of Iran. The data were selected through convenience sampling method by interview, questionnaires and reviewing of medical records. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 13 software.Results In this study 257 mothers and infants were studied. Most of the mothers were breastfeeding (94%); 63.8% of the infants had started breastfeeding an hour post delivery. 79% of the infants had been given to their mothers post delivery. 68.9% of mothers given birth in public hospitals, 75.5 % of mothers having gestational age greater than 37 weeks, 60.1% of infants weighing more than 2,500 grams. 88% of mothers with vaginal delivery and all of these mothers had started breastfeeding in the first hour after birth. Conclusion Breastfeeding in the first hour after birth has been associated with mother's educational level, gestational age greater than 37 weeks, previous history of breastfeeding, vaginal delivery, infant weighing more than 2,500 grams, lack of infant disease, lack of hospitalization in NICU, rooming in, lack of prelacteal feeding to newborns and delivery in public hospitals.

Introduction: Maternal and fetal characteristics can be effect on optimism which vary among different cultures and countries. So the aim of this study was to determine Prenatal Optimism and its relationship with fetal and maternal characteristics in primiparous women. Materials and Methods This research study was a descriptive cross - sectional. The statistical populations consisted of 240 pregnancy women with first experience of Isfahan city in (2014-2015) in which were selected by simple available sampling. Demographic/fetal/maternal characteristics and life orientation questionnaire were completed by the participants. For data analysis Pearson correlation coefficient and enter regression by SPSS-14 were used. Results The age of women in the sample ranged from 18-37 years with a mean age at the time of the interview of 27.04+1.2 years. 64% of the women reported moderate incomes, 62.5% reported holding a high school education. The mean of gestational age was 24.14+0.9 that 80.8% had 28-34 weeks. The mean for the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) scores were 31.6+5.2. Pearson correlation index showed, as optimism scores increased, gestational age increased (P = 0.03, r=0.12). While There was no association between optimism and gestational BMI in the study population. Conclusion There was correlation between Optimism and some maternal and fetal information in pregnant women. So educating midwives regarding psychological problems in during pregnancy can be effective for such disorders.

Introduction Fetal movement started at the 7th weeks of pregnancy and by the end of pregnancy will gradually be perfect and harmonious. Near-term fetuses can discriminate acoustic features, such as frequencies and spectra, and process complex auditory streams. In this study, we aimed to evaluate fatal movement in response to music and vibration stimulation. Materials and Methods This study is a clinical trial that was conducted in two groups and two-steps. Participants were pregnant women (primigravida) who have referring to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan during 2013 to receive routine prenatal care. The 64 pregnant women (32-36 weeks) were randomly assigned to the groups of Vibroacoustic stimulation (n= 32) and Music (n=32). They were stimulated immediately after the first non stress test and before the second test. The researchers’ evaluated and analyzed possible changes in non-stress test results using SPSS software version 20.Results Mean age of the subjects in vibroacoustic group and in music group were (25.5±2.6) (24.9±4.4) respectively. Paired t-test showed there was no relationship between the average number of acceleration of the fetal heart rate before and after the intervention (P>0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between the average number of fetal movements in the music group before and after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion Mothers listen to music has led to increase their perception of fetal movements and increased number of fetal movements. So perhaps the music can use for the evaluation of fetal movement in high-risk mothers or mothers who complain of decreased fetal movements. As a result, the music may be used as a tool for assessment of fetal well-being.

Introduction Infantile colic is a common disorder in the three first months of childhood. There is no clear management in treating this disease which may lead to psychosocial consequences in parents. Due to the importance of infantile colic in Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) in this study was conducted. Materials and Methods In this review article, we searched the words for colic infantile like “Maghs e Atfal” in the clinical textbooks of TIM and electronic databases were searched for “Infantile Colic”, “Herbal Medicine”, “Traditional Medicine” and “Complementary Medicine” keywords to obtain any relevant study. Results In TIM, infantile colic is called “Maghs e Atfal”. TIM scholars believed that it can be caused by bloating in stomach, eating a lot of food or milk and subsequently mal-digestion. The treatment is based on the probable etiology. In bloating in stomach, the first step is to modify breast milk by the mother’s eating anti-flatulence drugs and avoiding any flatulent food. Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi are recommended to be consumed with milk by the child. Conclusion According to the benign nature of the colic, complementary medicine can be a priority in treatment. In this viewpoint, the mother's diet modification, and consequently of her milk, are very important. Avoiding any flatulent food and consumption of anti-flatulence plants are based on its treatment.

Introduction: Camel milk is the closest to human mother’s milk. In the references on Iranian traditional medicine, camel’s milk has been represented as the one having numerous nutritious and medical properties. In this study, the nutritive and therapeutic effects of camel’s milk have been examined from the view point of Iranian traditional medicine. Materials and Methods The present study is a qualitative one, which was carried out, based on certain criteria, through purposeful search of certain keywords in the written references of Iranian traditional medicine. Results Numerous pharmacological functions and therapeutic effects of camel’s milk on patients suffering from liver, kidney, bladder, spleen, stomach and intestines, uterus, skin, lungs, and brain diseases have been mentioned. Camel’s milk seems to be an appropriate alternative/supplement to nourish infants and children. Conclusion Animal resources, such as camel’s milk and its various products, have comprehensively been dealt with regarding their nutritive and therapeutic effects. Its compatibility with and similarity to mother’s milk have led to its application in pediatrics; thus, offering valid information to pediatricians on camel’s milk can further enhance the consumption of this natural product.

Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth, proper organ formation and function, a strong immune system, and neurological and cognitive development. Child malnutrition-as measured by poor child growth-is an important indicator for monitoring population nutritional status and health. In 2013, about 17%, or 98 million children under five years of age in developing countries were underweight (low weight-for-age according to the WHO child growth standards). Underweight prevalence is highest in the United Nation (UN) region of Southern Asia (30%), followed by Western Africa (21%), Oceania and Eastern Africa (both 19%) and South-Eastern Asia and Middle Africa (both 16%), and Southern Africa 12%. Prevalence below 10% for 2013 is estimated for the UN regions of Eastern, Central and Western Asia, Northern Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. Childhood malnutrition, including fetal growth restriction, suboptimum breastfeeding, stunting, wasting and Vitamin A and zinc deficiencies, is an underlying cause of death in an estimated 45% of all deaths among children under five years of age.