Journal of Pediatric Perspectives
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:9 (33)|Papers Count:21

Background Oral cleft is the most common orofacial congenital anomaly among live births. This anomaly at birth is one of the main causes of children disability and mortality. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common anomalies in oral clefts. This study aimed to assess the incidence of congenital heart diseases anomalies in newborns with oral clefts. Materials and Methods This study performed on 48, 692 live born to estimate incidence of oral clefts from 1st December 2013 to 31th November 2015 from three general hospitals in Zahedan, The capital city of the Sistan & Baluchestan province, Iran. All oral cleft patients were under echocardiography to diagnosis the incidence of CHD as associated anomaly. The collected data were processed using SPSS-16. Results The results of the analysis showed that the incidence of cleft lip was higher in boys than girls, while the cleft palate was higher in girls. Lip/palate cleft was higher for boys. Oral clefts patients accounted of 102 (0. 2%) with incidence rate of 2. 095 per 1000 lives. Of 102 patients 19 (18. 62%), 39(35. 24%) and 44(43. 14%) were oral lip, oral palate and both respectively. The incidence of CHD in patients with oral clefts was 26. 5%, while the incidences for cleft lip, cleft palate and both were 15. 79%, 20. 51%, and 36. 36% respectively. Conclusion From the study concluded that the rate of CHD among children with oral clefts was high compared with the healthy children. Strongly is suggested the echocardiography for these patients to have early diagnostic of CHD to manage any life-threatening.

Background Parenting style is associated with children's health-related behaviors. One of the popularity and applicability assessment tools is Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) that the lack of Persian version can be seen. This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of Persian version of PSDQ. Materials and Methods This study was done with randomized cluster sampling on 588 parents. Cronbach's alpha (α ) coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency and Pearson`s correlation coefficients was used to for test-retest reliability and the construct validity. Conformity factor analysis was also, applied to determine the construct validity. Results: Cronbach's α coefficient for two authoritative and authoritarian styles with the highest estimated value were 0. 86 and it was 0. 41 for permissive style. The results of the correlation test in all three afore mentioned styles were significant. Correlation coefficients between authoritative style and its subscales were about from 0. 86 to 0. 89 and between authoritarian style and its subscales were about from 0. 81 to 0. 87. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that goodness-of-fit indices, including CMIN/DF, GFI, CFI, IFI and RMSEA, were 2. 1, 0. 91, 0. 90, 0. 90, and 0. 04, respectively, which indicated a good the construct validity of instrument. Conclusion: The PSDQ that has been translated into Persian obtained good reliability and validity. PSDQ questionnaire can be considered a useful tool in the assessments and interventions concerning parenting styles used in Iran.

Background Among all pediatric cancers acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is highly prevalent, but the overall cost of ALL management is not well-known, there is a need to assess the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) protocol commonly used in ALL management in Iran. So, the aim of this study was to estimate direct and indirect costs of ALL treatment among children based on the ALL-BFM protocol from the societal perspective in Iran. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted. All pediatric patients newly diagnosed with ALL and managed by the BFM protocol from 2010-2015 were included. Finally, total costs, including direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were calculated. Results The total direct medical cost per patient for a complete treatment period was 15, 026. 6 US dollars, the direct non-medical cost incurred was 1, 688. 9 USD and the indirect cost due to productivity loss was 932. 3 USD. Conclusion Treatment of pediatrics ALL is less costly in Iran comparing other countries. So, physicians and policy makers and health care system administrators should devise an appropriate strategy to reduce the direct medical costs which have more economic burden special for hospitalization days and chemotherapy costs based on the findings.

Background Often, there is no access to sufficient sample size to estimate the prevalence using the method of direct estimator in all areas. The aim of this study was to compare small area’ s Bayesian method and direct method in estimating the prevalence of steatosis in obese and overweight children. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, was conducted on 150 overweight and obese children aged 2 to 15 years referred to the Children's digestive clinic of Urmia University of Medical Sciences-Iran, in 2013. After Body mass index (BMI) calculation, children with overweight and obese were assessed in terms of primary tests of obesity screening. Then children with steatosis confirmed by abdominal Ultrasonography, were referred to the laboratory for doing further tests. Steatosis prevalence was estimated by direct and Bayesian method and their efficiency were evaluated using mean-square error Jackknife method. The study data was analyzed using the open BUGS3. 1. 2 and R2. 15. 2 software. Results: The findings indicated that estimation of steatosis prevalence in children using Bayesian and direct methods were between 0. 3098 to 0. 493, and 0. 355 to 0. 560 respectively, in Health Districts; 0. 3098 to 0. 502, and 0. 355 to 0. 550 in Education Districts; 0. 321 to 0. 582, and 0. 357 to 0. 615 in age groups; 0. 313 to 0. 429, and 0. 383 to 0. 536 in sex groups. In general, according to the results, mean-square error of Bayesian estimation was smaller than direct estimation (P<0. 05). Conclusion The study suggests that estimation of prevalence using Bayesian estimation method via the logistic mixed model was more efficient and better than direct estimation method.

Crohn’ s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation that causes the loss of immune tolerance leading to bizarre inflammatory signals and disruption of mucosal barriers. Environmental triggers and interaction of genetic determinants also play an indispensible role. In this case report, we present a pre-pubertal girl with intermittent and refractory genital swelling. We emphasize that Crohn’ s disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent, non-tender, erythematous and edematous lesions of the genital area. We conclude with future directions for diagnosing and managing vulvar Crohn’ s disease in pediatric population.

Background Cigarette smoking is a common problem among teenagers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among Teen Boys in Marivan city, based on Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods A cluster randomized sample of 470 male students with16. 2 ± 2. 5 from 6 secondary schools of Marivan city-Iran, completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of Health Belief Model constructs Data was analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test, using SPSS-16. Results The rate of smoking the cigarette among students was 4. 7% (21/470). The experience of smoking in the last 30 days and throughout life reported 6. 4% and 34. 7% respectively. Significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers were found for perceived benefits (P<0. 05), perceived self-efficacy (P<0. 05), and cues to action (P<0. 05). Conclusion Based on results from the present study, increasing the perceived susceptibility could decrease smoking among students.

Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the most common causes of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children, which may follow neonatal umbilical vein catheterization. The incidence rates of catheter-related PVT, in infants and children vary in different studies. This study aimed to determine PVT incidence in the children under 3 years old with a history of neonatal umbilical vein catheterization in the NICU of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad-Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 38 children with a history of hospitalization in the NICU of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad-Iran, during 2012 to 2013 for whom umbilical vein catheterization had been performed. The Children’ s histories were taken and they were examined. Color Doppler ultrasound was performed on them. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-13 and descriptive statistics, t-test, Fisher's exact test. Results Fourteen (36. 8%) and 24 (63. 2%) of the infants were males and females, respectively. Mean age of the infants was 33. 1± 3. 55 months. PVT evidence in a child raises a 2. 6% PVT incidence. No statistically significant relationship was observed among gender, age, catheter type, and catheterization duration and PVT. A statistically significant relationship was observed between spleen size and portal vein size in ultrasound and PVT (P<0. 05). The liver and spleen examination was only abnormal, in the patient with thrombosis. Conclusion The study findings suggest a 2. 6% incidence for PVT. In addition, neonatal umbilical catheterization causes PVT during childhood.

Background: Increasing the X-ray focus to film distance (FFD) has been advocated as an effective method to reduce the patients’ radiation dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this technique in patients' dose and image quality in pediatric chest X-ray. Materials and Methods: Sixty pediatric patients were X-ray imaged at FFDs of 100 and 130 cm. Dose measurements were performed using thermo-luminescent dosimeters (GR200). The quality of images was independently assessed using the anatomical criteria recommended by the European guidelines. Results: Increasing the FFD from 100 to 130 cm has reduced the entrance skin dose (ESD) of patients by 32. 2% (P <0. 05). There was no statistical difference for image quality scores between the two techniques (P>0. 05). Conclusion Increased FFD to 130 cm reduce the pediatric radiation dose with no significant changes in image quality.

Background: Raising awareness of mothers has an important role to preventing neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia. We aimed to investigate the role of educational intervention on the knowledge and practice of the mothers with icteric newborns. Materials and Methods: This study was interventional study with interventional and control group. Study population consisted of 384 consecutive parents of newborns with jaundice, who were admitted to Mahdieh and Mofid hospitals in Tehran-Iran, during 2013 to 2014. The participants were randomly assigned to the trained group (n = 192), who receiving educational programs in three sessions that each sessions was about 45 minutes and the control group (n = 192), without any educational intervention Two months after completing the educational program, the level of knowledge and practice of women in both groups was assessed by using the same questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The mean score for the level of knowledge toward neonatal jaundice was higher in educational group compared to the control group (7. 5 ± 2. 5, ranged 2 to 15 versus 4. 7 ± 1. 3 ranged 1 to 7, P < 0. 001). The level of knowledge toward neonatal jaundice reached 72% in educational group that remained 39% in control mothers. The mean score for practice of mothers to neonatal jaundice was significantly higher in trained mothers than in untrained ones (13. 7 ± 3. 8 ranged 7 to 19 versus 5. 9 ± 2. 1 ranged 3 to 7, P < 0. 001). Also, high score for practice in trained and untrained women was 84% and 67%, respectively that was significantly higher in former group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Despite low level of knowledge and practice of mothers with jaundiced neonates, training programs in our experience led to significantly improving the level of knowledge and practice in this population.

Background Many dental problems such as tooth decay starts from childhood. In this regard, attitudes and beliefs of mothers about oral-dental health are important. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting oral-dental health in children of the mothers who referred to the Qom health centers by using of the Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods This is cross-sectional descriptive analytic study that was performed among mothers who had Children's health dossier in the Qom health centers, Iran. By using of multi-stage sampling and sample size formula, 300 mothers were selected randomly from health assessment centers. Required data from target group were collected by the questionnaire about Health Belief Model in the field of oral health. The data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the mothers' behavior towards oral-dental health with perceived benefits and self-efficacy (r=0. 16, P<0. 05, r=0. 20, P<0. 05, respectively). Also, there was a negative and significant statistically relationship between the mother's behavior towards oral-dental health with perceived barriers (r=-0. 15, P<0. 05). In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between mother's behavior toward the oral-dental health and the children's behavior towards this issue (r=0. 47, P<0. 05). Conclusion The findings is indicator of the importance of the usage of health belief model for assessing of the mothers' perceptions and beliefs about oral-dental health and modeling of their behavior for reinforcing of healthy behaviors in children.

Background: To define underlying predictors of tobacco smoking among Iranian Teenagers in a generalized structural equation model. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a Generalized Structural Equation Model based on planned behavioral theory was used to explain the relationship among different factors such as demographic factors, subjective norms, and the intention to tobacco and, in turn, intention with tobacco use. The sample consisted of 4, 422 high school students, based on census, in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The questioner was designed adapting to the objectives of study. It was used global youth tobacco survey to design the queries of tobacco use. Results: The model had a good fit on data. Adjusting for age and gender, there was a statistically significant relationship between the intention to consumption and the following factors: working while studying (P<0. 05), consumption of hookah by family members (P<0. 05), history of smoking among close friends (P<0. 05), history of leaving school during the day without informing the officials (P<0. 05), lack of commitment to academic tasks (P< 0. 05), lack of acceptance by peers (P< 0. 05), knowledge (P< 0. 05), and attitude (P< 0. 05). There was a significant relationship between the intentions to consumption to tobacco consumption in the past 30 days (P< 0. 05) as well. Conclusion: The intention to tobacco use may lead to its use, so the monitoring children’ s relationships are required by parents. Authorities should monitor teens’ workplace environment, design and implement educational programs in the schools. As the final point, there was no significant correlation between the intention to and consumption of hookah, which can be investigated more in the future studies.

Background Medication errors are among the most common medical errors which are used as an indicator to assess patients’ safety in hospitals. Thereby the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, type and causes of medication errors in children's ward at hospitals in Yazd-Iran. Materials and Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted during 6 months from Jan to Jun 2015. A total number of 63 nurses working in the pediatric ward of the hospitals in Yazd city were enrolled in this study using census method. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and "Wakefield medication administration errors" questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18. Results Medication errors had been made by 44. 4% of the nurses once to twice in the 6 months preceding the study. 30. 2% of the errors had occurred on the night shift. Errors with high incidence in non-injectable medication included wrong patient (1. 6%), wrong dosage (7. 9%), drug adminstration without doctors ordedr (1. 6%) and in injectable medication included wrong dosage (7. 9%), mistake in medication calculation (6. 4%) and wrong infusion rate (9. 5%). The most common causes were communication, packaging, transcription, working conditions and pharmacy conditions respectively. Conclusion Considering the frequency of errors on the night shift, dosage calculation and administration as well as the identified causes, it is necessary that nursing managers to negotiate with medical and pharmaceutical professionals in order to design and implement operational guidelines for preventing medication errors.

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) characterized by a large amounts of protein into urine and a set of indications that include: protein in urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prognosis of nephrotic syndrome and blood biomarkers level in children of Arak city, Iran. Materials and Methods This was a prospective study of case series patients which conducted on 100 children with nephrotic syndrome referred to the pediatric clinic in Arak-Iran durring 2015 to 2016, to determine the resistance to steroids initially. All children had been taking Prednisolone and then, they were divided into four groups based on response to steroid. Also, blood biomarkers obtained from interviewing. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21. Results Results showed that children with steroids responded nephrotic syndrome rather than frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome, steroid resistance nephrotic syndrome and steroids dependent nephrotic syndrome patients had lower blood inflammatory and higher blood anti-inflammatory markers and there was a significant difference between these markers (P<0. 05). Conclusion A number of inflammatory factors were lower than normal in responded group and number of anti-inflammatory factors was higher than normal in responded group. Therefore, in treatment of children, these inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors should be controlled.

Dear Editor-in-chief: The recent statistics indicates child marriage has been a global concern especially in low and medium countries, so that more than 700 million of women were married before 18 years of age and out of them more than a third were less than 15 years. There is gender inequality in child marriage, so that it is more observed in girls (1). Some causes are introduced for incidence of child marriage including poverty and financial debility, extension of social network, and protection of girls against rape and violence (2). The consequences of child marriage are often far wider than just their impact on the individual children affected. The marriage of children has negative effects on families and communities. The practice thrives on poverty and impacts adversely on a country’ s health and educational sector (1-3). Indeed child marriage in girls resulted in early pregnancy, social isolation, school dropout, reducing employment opportunities and increasing of domestic violence (3). According to important role of child marriage as a pivotal barrier in social and economic development, we encouraged that to write present letter. The letter aimed to provide a comparison of child marriage statistics in Iran and other parts of world, in addition to suggest some well-established solutions for reducing child marriage.

Background: No consensus has been reached on prognostic value of serum concentration of β (beta) subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) in treatment response to methotrexate in management of ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate this subject through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: An extensive literature search on online databases was performed. All studies performed on ectopic pregnancy patients treated by methotrexate from all age groups were included. After collecting data, random effect models were used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of β-hCG level in treatment success and treatment failure groups. Finally, pooled performance screening characteristics of serum β-hCG level were assessed in different cut offs. Results: Finally, 51 articles were included in meta-analysis. Overall treatment success rate of methotrexate was 84% [95% confidence interval (CI): 84-85 percent]. A negative association was found between serum β-hCG level and the treatment response before intervention (SMD=-1. 10, 95% CI:-1. 39 to-0. 88). In addition, pooled sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic odds ratio of β-hCG in the 2000 mIU/mL cut off were: 0. 75 (0. 65-0. 82), 0. 68 (0. 58-0. 82), and 6. 0 (5. 0-8. 0), respectively. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis showed that serum β-hCG concentration before treatment could predict success of methotrexate in management of ectopic pregnancy.

Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms that occur periodically before menstruation and disappear with the onset of menstruation. There are some therapeutic methods mostly according to the clinical trials that reduce the prevalence and intensity of symptoms of PMS by unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Calcium and vitamin B1 on Premenstrual syndrome among female students. Materials and Methods: This is a triple-blind clinical trial conducted on 210 female students living in dormitories of Ilam University of Medical Sciences who had PMS. PMS symptoms questionnaire was used to investigate the symptoms. Participants were assigned in 3 groups of 70 people with the following regimen: group 1 received one pill containing 100 milligrams vitamin B1, group 2 received Calcium pills and group 3 received placebo. The participants in all groups took medicines for 2 months and then reported the intensity of their symptoms by the questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, using SPSS-16. Results: In groups receiving vitamin B1, Calcium and placebo, the intensity of physical and psychological symptoms as well as general symptoms of PMS had a remarkable reduction (P<0. 05). However, comparison between intervention and control groups showed that the reduction in intensity of symptoms in groups receiving supplements (vitamin B1 and Calcium) (P<0. 05). Vitamin B1 and Calcium had equal effects on improvement of physical symptoms of PMS, but Calcium reduced psychological symptoms better than vitamin B1. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that both vitamin B1 and Calcium reduce physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, but in terms of reducing psychological symptoms Calcium was more effective.

Background Total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) anomaly in early childhood has been practiced in many centers with good results, but in some of patients after few years sever Pulmonary valve insufficiency occurred. Materials and Methods At a cross-sectional study from January 2015 to January 2016, 10 patients who had history of primary repair of TOF with free pulmonary insufficiency (PI) that underwent of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) with bioprosthetic valves were evaluated. Results The mean age of patients was 6. 5 + 0. 753 years old (ranged 8-12 years old) and male to female ratio was 6/4. The mean of Intensive care unit (ICU) stay and Hospital stay was 4. 5+ 0. 712 days (ranged 3-8) and 11. 5+ 0. 357 days (ranged 9-16). Mean of cardiopulmonary bypass time and operation time was 45 + 0. 684 min (ranged 32-60) and 83 + 0. 317 min (ranged 65-112). In this study we did not find any mortality and ventricular arrhythmia and Heart block. There was only one case (10%) with superficial wound infection that was controlled. At 6 months follow up, all of patients were alive, but Echocardiography sign of Right Ventricular (RV) failure was present in 2 patients (20%) recently. Conclusion Although for Pulmonary insufficiency after primary TOF repair there is controversial in studies, but we had good results of PVR with Bioprosthesis in TOF patients.

Background: This study uses data of the global burden of diseases (GBD) study 2010 to report death, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding by age and gender during 1990 to 2010 in Iran. Materials and Methods: The GBD assessments were used, together with estimates of death and DALYs due to specific risk factors to calculate the attributed burden of each risk factor exposure compared with the theoretical-minimum-risk exposure. Uncertainties in the distribution of exposure, relative risks, and relevant outcomes were incorporated into estimates of mortality attributable and burden and were presented as 95 % uncertainty interval (UI). Results: In both genders, the age standardized DALYs rates and the age standardized death rate [(from 5 (95% UI: 2-8) to 1 (95% UI: 0-2) per 100, 000 populations], attributed to breastfeeding, had a decreasing trends. The age standardized YLD rate increased from 7 (95% UI: 2-15) to 10 (95% UI: 3-23) per 100, 000 populations in boys and, from 7(95% UI: 2-16) to 11(95% UI: 3-26) per 100, 000 populations in girls. The YLD changes showed some variation according to age categories. For both genders, the age standardizes YLL rate decreased from 395 (95% UI: 185-681) per 100, 000 populations to 111(95% UI: 42-213) per 100, 000 populations. Conclusion: The burden attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding had a considerable reduction rate from 1990 to 2010. Additional studies on burden of exclusive breastfeeding with more accurate data are recommended for policies make decision.

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in respiratory system and obesity is another inflammatory disease of which incidence rate is increasing. Although, many studies have been conducted on severity of asthma and its relationship with obesity, but different results have been obtained. This study aimed to determine a relationship between BMI with asthma severity and pulmonary function in Kurdistan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 90 asthmatic patients referred to tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan, North West of Iran, were selected by simple random method. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight by height. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) and bronchial-stimulation-test were used for confirmation and investigation of asthma severity. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15 and Chi-square and spearman correlation coefficient tests. Results: Relationship between BMI and severity of asthma (mild, medium and severe) was evaluated, there was a weak and positive relationship between them (P<0. 05, r=0. 23). There was a significant difference between spirometry indices in different levels of BMI variable (P<0. 05). There was no significant relation between Forced expiratory volume in 1st second/Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) and waist size (P>0. 05), but there was a significant and inverse correlation between waist size and other parameters such as (FEV1, FVC and forced expiratory flow [FEF25-75]) (P<0. 05). Furthermore, there was a significant and inverse correlation between spirometry indices and Waist-Hip ratio (P<0. 05). Conclusion It seems that attention to BMI in people with pulmonary diseases including asthma can help improve clinical and physiological conditions of the person.

Background The aim of this study was determine the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) immediately after delivery on mother-infant attachment 3-month after delivery. Materials and Methods: In this RCT study, 72 mother-infant pairs were randomly divided in to kangaroo mother care and routine care groups. The intervention group received kangaroo mother care (KMC) in the first two hours post birth. The control group just received routine hospital care. Mothers in the intervention group were encouraged to keep the baby in KMC as much as possible during the day and night throughout the neonatal period. Participants were followed up for three months after birth. The Main outcome measure was mother-infant attachment at 3 months postpartum and maternal anxiety about the baby at the same time. The data was collected by questionnaire (demographic information of parents and neonates) and maternal attachment scale. Analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 14). Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding their baseline data. Mean maternal attachment score in the KMC group and in the routine care group at three months after delivery was 52. 40± 3. 30 and 49. 86± 4. 18 respectively, which was significantly higher in the KMC group (P<0. 05). Mean anxiety about the baby score at three months after delivery in the KMC and routine care group were 26. 34 3. 86 and 28. 80± 3. 18, respectively, which was significantly lower in the KMC group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Kangaroo mother care improves mother-infant attachment and reduces the mother anxiety about the baby; it is simple, acceptable to mothers and can be continued at home.

Background Iron and vitamin D inadequacy are both essential wellbeing issues, an extra advancement has been the vitamin D extra skeletal role. Late collecting proof demonstrates that vitamin D inadequacy is pervasive in people with pallor, we meant to recognize a potential relationship between vitamin D lack and iron insufficiency. Materials and Methods A case control study was done in Erbil, Iraq during April 2015 to April 2016, on 160 children aged 1-5 years who referred to Raparin hospital. Blood test was acquired from every kid for measuring hemoglobin, serum iron and vitamin D level. Results The mean estimation of vitamin D was lower 21. 3ng/dl in iron deficiency group in contrast with control group and it was essentially lower in gathering that had hemoglobin of under 11gm/dl (19. 7ng/dl) in contrast with those with more than 11gm/dl. There was a direct relationship between serum iron, hemoglobin and vitamin D levels (r=0. 520, P<0. 05 and r=0. 418, P<0. 05 for serum iron and hemoglobin respectively). Conclusion There was significant moderate positive correlation between vitamin D and serum iron level