INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (IJABBR)
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:23

In order to study the effect of drought stress on some growth indices of oil sunflower cultivars, a study was conducted in Isfahan. The experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Isfahan (51o 48' E, 32o 40' N).Main plots were drought stress in four levels (80, 100, 120, and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A and cultivars were sub plots (Sirena, Record, Euroflore). Total dry weight, leaf area index, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate were measured. Results showed that total dry matter, leaf area index, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate were decreased by drought increasing from 80 to 140mm. The least evaporation (80mm) had the highest amount of mentioned traits. Among cultivars, Record had higher total dry weight because of having growth period and then higher LAI, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and capitulum dry weight but it had lower NAR and CGR because of higher LAI and shading of upper leaves, then it is recommended to use Record cultivar.

In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield and its components, a study was carried out (2011) as split plots in randomized complete blocks design in Isfahan (32o 40' N, 51o 48' E). Main factor was drought stress in four levels including irrigation after 80, 100, 120, and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (class A) and subplots were three cultivars (Sirena, Record, and Euroflore).Grain number per capitulum, 1000 grains weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, and oil yield were measured. Results showed that by increasing the stress from 80 to 140 mm, all traits except oil percentage were decreased. The first irrigation treatment (80mm) seems to be the most appropriate treatment for this plant considering the highest grain and oil yields. Record cultivar produced the highest yield under 80 and 100 mm treatments while Sirena and Euroflore had the highest yields under 120 and 140mm treatments, respectively. Therefore, cultivating record will be better under drought stress or dry farming cultivation.

An important factor in the growth medium of plants and chemical plants. native substrates can be used to improve plant performance. To evaluate the effect of growth medium on the herb F. benjamina experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments and four replications were carried out in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Jiroft. F. benjamina plants from vegetative characteristics showed significant differences with each other. The maximum chlorophyll index and number of branches of palm peat substrates, respectively. The use of native substrates for growth was F. benjamina. Palm peat substrate, makes for a very low cost and have a very low ph features such as good water absorption, especially F. benjamina plant is used for all files.

Tomato (L.ycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Rio Grande seedlings were nutritionally conditioned with solutions complete fertilizer N (60% NO3+40% NH4) -P-K (20-20-20), N (30%NO3+70% NH4) -P-K (15-5-30), the first two week N (60% NO3+40% NH4) -P-K (20-20-20) and later two week N (30%NO3+70% NH4) -P-K (15-5-30) and vice versa were applied in completely randomized experiment with three replications to determine the effect of nutritional regimes on tomato transplant growth. As nitrate rate increased from 30% to 60%, fresh shoot weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, shoot and root dry weights, and total chlorophyll increased. in the 750 mg/lit of N (60% NO3+40%NH4) -P-K (20-20-20) were decreased and it is with to increasing in stem diameter and total plant growth, application of N (60%NO3+40%NH4) -P-K (20-20-20) in the first two weeks of seedling growth and N (30%NO3+70%NH4) -P-K (15-5-30) in the last two weeks in the concentration of 200 mg/liter seedling height decreased.

Pepper is one of the nutrition demanding vegetable. In order to compare N fertilizer uptake and plant numbers per area unit, an experiment was conducted with replications. In which fertilizer was the main factor and included Ammonium nitrate in 7 levels (0, 80, 160, 240 kg /ha-1) and 40+40, 80+80, 120+120 kg/ha-1 (in 2 stages i.e. Half of these amounts appliedpre planting and the other half of itside dressed in flowering stage).The second factor (plant density) comprised of 3 levels (25000, 35000 and 50000). The data such as: fruit numbers per plot and per plant, plant's height yield per plant, fruit weight and prematurity percentage were detemined. According to the results simple and interaction effects of factors on yield and fruit numbers were significant, but N fertilizer had no significant effect on plant's height. Data means comparison showed that green pepper's yield was 100% higher than the control when using 240 kg N ha-1. Resultsalso showed that by increasing the plant numbers per area unit, the yield of each plant and fruit numbers in each plant were decreased.

The objective of this study ware to investigate the effects of different doses of Origanum vulgare on the growth of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei (separated from Iranian dairy products) in milk produced at one step. The product was then examined in terms of pH, acidity and microbe counting during incubator setting period. In the milk samples with Lactobacillus casei, the control sample reached acidity level more quickly and in the milk samples with Lactobacillus paracasei, the sample containing %1 Origanum vulgare reached acidity level earlier than other samples. In the milk samples with either Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus paracasei, it was observed that during refrigeration the control sample had the most duration. The bioability of probiotic bacteria was measured by direct counting method. Duration of the product permanence was determined within 21 days. Upon examination of the results, it was revealed that the increased concentration of Origanum vulgare had a positive effect on the growth of the probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei in probiotic milk.

The clinical significance of ABO and Rhesus blood group systems has been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in blood donors in Lahore, Pakistan, with a view to generate data with multipurpose future practicalities in the field of medicine. Blood groups of 3000 blood donors were determined by commercially available standard monoclonal antisera by tube agglutination technique. Out of 3000 donors, 92.2% were males and 0.8% were females. The most frequent ABO blood group present was B (37.8 %) followed by O (28.8%), A (24.2%) and AB (9.1%) in blood donors; while in Rhesus system 93.0% were Rh+ve and 7.0% were. Rhve . The most important implementation of such studies is in management of blood banks and transfusion services.

The coastal region of Chabahar Gulf with 1113.7km2 area has been located in the southeast of Iran. In this research, satellite images of ETM+ (2004) were used in order to zoning of sedimentary environments in this Gulf. Methodology of this research was baesd on synthesis of supervised and unsupervised classifications in GIS and ENVI softwares. Based on studies and calculation of OIF index, the best selected bands to differentiation of sedimentary environments are 1, 5 and 7 bands of ETM+ that had most information. Zoning maps indicate that in the study area, wide bodies of sedimentary environments consist of profound marine environment (41.13%), Shallow marine environment (7.9%), Sabkha and salt flats (3.07%), Intertidal and lagoon (1.2%), Delta (1.33), Siliciclastic barrier and Aeolian dune (6.45%), Loose Sandy sediments (11.98%), Mud flats (26.93%).

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer amounts on grain yield of forage corn in 2012, a pilot was implemented in Islamic Azad University Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan, as a split plot in a randomized complete block design. Main plots consisted of four levels: control (no fertilization), 50, 100 and 150 kg per ha nitrogen from urea source and subplots, including several varieties of corn (single cross 704, single cross 640 and single cross 540), respectively. Results indicate that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar effects on the number of rows per ear, number of seed per row, number of grains per maize, seed weight and seed yield were significant. With more than 704 varieties of seed number per row and number of seeds per ear, more grain yield was produced. The 540 cultivar was not significantly different. Treated with 150 kg N ha- highest number of seed per rows and number of seeds produced. Treatment of 100 kg per hectare produced the highest seed weight and seed yield and seed weight could generate the maximum highest yield significantly different results, and treatment was 150 kg N ha. Thus, the results indicate that treatment of 100 kg per ha nitrogen to achieve maximum yield was good.

Field trials with Dizigotheeca elegantissima were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Azad University Jiroft in growth seasons of 2012 year. The aim of this work was to study the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid [GA3] and benzyladenine [BA] at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mgL-1 on the vegetative growth and Photosynthetic pigments of D. elegantissima plants. Most of the vegetative growth characteristices like plant heights, number of leaves/plant, chlorophylle index and Photosynthetic pigments were significantly affected by application of the two factors which were used in this study. All foliar applications of BA and GA3 separately promoted all the afore mentioned characters in this study, as well as Photosynthetic pigments i.e. Chl. [a and b], totol and sum pigments compared with control plants. The highest recorded data were obtained in plants treated with 200 mgL-1 GA3+200 mgL-1 BA for plant height, number of leaves/plant and chlorophylle index, except with 200 mgL-1 GA3+100 mgL-1 BA which gave the highest leaf area.

A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatment and five replication, in each replication were 6 plants used. The study of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) application (20 and 40 ppm) and Salicylic acid (SA) application (50 and 150 ppm) was compared to the control (distillated water) on growth and flowering Petunia hybrid. For each plant was used 100 cc of solution at each stage (two stages) with 10 days intervals. Results were analyzed by SAS software and Duncan test. Results showed that by increase in SA and ZnSO4 concentration, the number of days to flowering was also increased. The lowest number of days to flowering was achieved in 20 ppm of SA mean with 119 days after planting which is or non significantly different from control but shows significant difference from 40 ppm of SA and ZnSO4. Among ZnSO4 levels in presence of 150 ppm SA, effect of 20 ppm on reduction of flowering time was lower than that of 40 ppm. The highest leaf area and tiller number was obtained in control treatment (average of 37cm2 and 7, respectively) showing direct association to each other.

The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure application on the seed yield and yield components in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). The experiment was carried out at the RAN Research Station in Firouzkouh in 2012. A 4×4 factorial experiment, arranged in a randomized complete blocks designed with three replications. The treatments consisted of 4 level of nitrogen fixing bacteria (control, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Azotobacter+Azospirillum) and 4 level of manure (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ton ha-1). The present results have shown that the highest height, 1000 seeds weight, seed number per follicle, follicle yield, seed yield and harvest index were obtained after using Azotobacter and Azospirillum, simultaneously. Manure application only affects on follicle yield and by 5ton manure ha-1 the highest follicle yield obtained. Results of this investigation showed that the maximum seed yield obtained when Aotobacter+Azospirillum inoculated with black cumin seeds and 5 ton manure ha-1 applied. Combined application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure can be helpful in developing of production and yield in Cicer arietinum.

This paper applied a non-parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to analyze the efficiency of farmers, discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones and to identify wasteful uses of energy in order to optimize the energy inputs for greenhouse cucumber production in Lorestan province of Iran. Data were collected from 27 cucumber producers by using a face-to-face questionnaire. DEA creates a best-practice production frontier based on the growers that produce their level of greenhouse cucumber yield with the least amount of input energy. The results revealed that total operational energy of 521.37 GJ ha-1 is consumed in greenhouses. Most shares of this energy are allocated to fuel and chemicals by the shares of 56.66% and 12.19% respectively. Two basic DEA models, Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) were used to measure the technical efficiency (TE) of the greenhouses based on eight energy inputs and one output. The CRS and VRS models indicated that 10 and 19 greenhouses were efficient, respectively. The average values of TE, pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) of greenhouses were found to be 0.89, 0.99 and 0.89 separately. Moreover, energy saving target ratio (ESTR%) for greenhouse cucumber production was calculated as 26.85%, indicating that by following the recommendations resulted from this study, 140 GJ ha-1 of total input energy could be saved while holding the constant level of greenhouse cucumber yield.

Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin hormone. It has both Growth Hormone and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. The objective of this study was to investigate the bovine Placental Lactogen (bPL) gene polymorphism of Holstein cows in Razavi Khorasan province. Blood samples were collected from 150 dairy cattle from six herds. DNA extraction was performed by salting out method. A fragment of 449 bp from intron 1 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism to get the patterns of single-stranded DNA separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Six genotypes were revealed with the frequencies of 0.283 (AA), 0.085 (AB), 0.292 (AC), 0.019 (CC), 0.292 (AD) and 0.029 (DD). The allele frequencies for A, B, C and D were 0.6179, 0.0425, 0.1651 and 0.1745, respectively. Chi-square test didn't confirm Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium for this locus. Associations between polymorphisms and the traits studied were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of the SAS 9.1 software. Results showed that the polymorphism of the bPL gene is significantly is associated with fat percent (P=0.012).

This study was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of Tarragon powder on performance, carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments and five replicates per treatment. At each replicate ten birds were used. Experimental diets were set on the basis of corn-soy-wheat and Ross 308 broiler chickens nutritional requirements tables by the use of UFFDA ration formulation software for each of the (1-21 days) and (22-42 days) period. Treatments were: base diet (Control), base diet+0.125% of Tarragon powder (group A), base diet+0.25% of Tarragon powder (group B), base diet+0.5% of Tarragon powder (group C). The consumption of experimentally different rations (dietaries) had no statistically significant effect on the relative weight of heart, liver, spleen, bursa, cook able carcasses and abdominal fat of different treatments in the whole process of husbandry (P>0.05). Testing rations in terms of Calcium, Phosphorus, Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and HDL plasma didn't create any significant difference between different treatments statistically (P>0.05). We concluded that adding Artemisia dracunculus powder 0.25 percentage broilers rations with increased levels of HDL, glucose and reduced levels of plasma LDL increased non- significantly carcass compared with other treatments. And also the level of 0.5 percent Artemisia dracunculus powder has caused non- significant reducing of the weight of liver and carcass cook abdominal fat of broilers chickens.

In many countries, studies to determine the severity of desertification and providing land plans to implement desertification. One of the models is modified MEDALUS or Iranian model (IMDPA), has been used in present research in order to investigate desertification situation in the Tashk region of Fars province. In this research, the modified IMDPA model used with emphasis on the water, soil and agricultural indexes, and indicators for each criterion has been considered in different value. The qualitative values of desertification indexes placed in four classes as, low, moderate sever and very sever. Among evaluated indexes, Irrigation system and drop level of groundwater have the most effects on desertification with numerical values 4 and 3.7 respectively. In the other indexes, crop yield and SAR of water have the lowest effects on regional desertification with numerical value 1 and 1.5 reactively. Analysis of result showed that the intensity of desertification obtained 2.54 on the entire of region based on 3 indexes and in the base of modified IMDPA model, the regional desertification intensity came to get medium.

Groundwater contamination is a serious problem facing the countries. Because groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from a variety of sources, and, once contaminated, it is very difficult to restore to its original quality. The main objective of this study was evaluation of groundwater quality in Shahrekord aquifer and finding the source of the groundwater contamination. Some of the chemical parameters such as Cation, Anion, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were measured in four times including spring and autumn of two years. The results show that the chemical contaminant concentration in North-Western part (NWP) of the aquifer was lower than Southern part (SP). Bicarbonate in the Anions and Calcium in the Cations has the maximum value. However they are lower than the standard limits. The TH in the wells varies from 150 1to 300 (mg/lit/CaCo3). The water quality is classified in hard water category base on TH. The result shows that there wasn’t considerable difference in TH and TDS values on spring and autumn seasons. The maximum nitrate concentration was almost 37 mg/lit in the northern parts. The result shows that TH and TDS in the southern parts and Nitrate concentration in the northern parts were maximum values concentration. This subject shows that the source of these contaminants is different. The agricultural lands produce Nitrate contamination and the urban wastewater is source of chemical concentration and TDS.

The effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum L.) was evaluated at pot cultivation conditions. This study was performed in factorial test based on complete random design plan and 4 repeats with 12 treatments. The main factor was included spraying, drip and spraying+drip. Secondary factor was included concentrations of GA3 at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.L-1 levels. Result showed that GA3 concentration and its usage methods had significant effect on (P<0.05) reducing sugars content. By increasing in concentration, reducing sugar decreased at three methods respect to control. Drip method with 100 mg.L-1 contained the highest amount of reducing sugars, whereas spraying+drip method with 100 mg.L-1 had the least amount of reducing sugars. In this study, plants to drip method increased the amount of reducing-sugars compared to the spray+drip method. Also, both method of spray and drip Compared with in spray+drip method increased reducing-sugars. The highest content of reducing-sugars obtained with application of 100 mg. L-1 With drip method was 27.20% higher compared to the control treatment.

Drought is the most significant constraint for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to assess drought tolerance in fifteen rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars using yield-based drought tolerance indices, two experiments were conducted at the research station of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran during 2009-2010 growing season. The cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications in each experiment. The experiments differed in respect to irrigation regimes. The well-watered and water-limited experiments were irrigated after 40% and 70% depletion of available soil moisture, respectively. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the rapeseed cultivars for yield in normal and stress conditions as well as all the drought tolerance indices. Karun cultivar had the maximum seed yield in both conditions. Yield in nonstress (Yp) and stress (Ys) conditions showed positive and significant correlations with stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and Modified stress tolerance indices (K1STI and K2STI). Biplot analysis also indicated that STI, MP, GMP, K1STI and K2STI were more reliable indices to identify drought tolerant rapeseed cultivars. The results of biplot and cluster analysis revealed that Karun, NK Aviator and NK Octans were the drought tolerant rapeseed cultivars. Therefore, they may be recommended to cultivate in drought prone regions and also can be used in rapeseed breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance.

The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of vermicompost and biostimulant on the growth and biomass in the coriander plant height, wet weight of plant, dry weight of plant and biomass yield. The experiment was carried out as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of iran in 2012. The factors were Vermicompost in four levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 ton/ha) and biostimulant, mixture of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum in two levels (noninoculated and inoculated seeds). The present results have shown that the highest fresh weight of plant , dry weight of plant and biomass yield were obtained after applying 9 ton/ha vermicompost. Biostimulant also showed significant effects on biomass yield. The maximum biomass yield were obtained by using the biostimulant (inoculated seeds). The results also showed that the interaction of vermicompost and biostimulant were significant on fresh weight and dry weight of plant.

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of nutritional supplements containing vitamins, minerals, and ammonia on the sexual and breeding behaviors in Ghezel sheep. To this end, 28 three and half-year old ewes (50±3 kilograms) with the record of giving birth to two lambs and 4 three-year old (90±3.5 kilograms) rams were used. The ewes were divided into two groups of A (i.e., treatment) and B (i.e., control) with 14 ewes in each group. The treatment group received 40 grams of the compound 7 days before and 7 days after sexual intercourse. The results demonstrate that the treatment group showed sexual receptivity behavior earlier than the control group. Also, such a behavior in the treatment group was accomplished in a shorter period of time than the control group. Moreover, in the treatment group, the breeding rate was demonstrated to be higher than the control group. Nevertheless, the measurement of estrogen, calcium, and phosphate in three different stages showed no significant differences between the two groups. The receptivity power (i.e., the number of successful jumping permission) and the new-born lambs’ weight were not reported to be significant. The current study demonstrated that livestock supplements (nutrients) improve the livestock’s health and sexual behavior. In addition, such supplements have a positive influence on breeding rate.

Topping stage of tobacco is a key time for development of agriculture measures to promote the quality of leaves. In order to investigating influence of topping timing and suckericide content on tobacco leaf, a factorial experiment on the basis of RCB design with 3 replications was conducted in 2011 at the Tobacco Research Farm of Isfahan. Treatments were including topping time (T1: topping at early button and T2: at early flowering), Prim+content (A1: 8, A2: 10, A3: 12, A4: 14 ml/per plant) and Prime+concentration (C1: 1.35%, C2: 1.5%) are first, second and third factors, respectively. Results showed that, effects of topping timing and Prim+content were significant for number of suckers, fresh and dry weight of suckers and leaf area of tobacco. Dry weight and leaf length of tobacco were significantly affected by different Prim+ concentrations. Topping at early button resulted in deduction of suckers in tobacco, consequently caused to production of lower sucker weight and higher tobacco leaf area. Moreover, application of higher concentration of Prim+at early button stage had considerably better effects on sucker growth control and tobacco leaf quality. This result clearly indicated that topping at early growth stage and controlling sucker growth with using suckericide enhanced tobacco leaf quality in the field.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of antioxidants (vitamin E, b-mercaptoethanol and their combination) to semen extender. Progressive motility, viability and pH of fresh ram semen were examined. Ejaculate samples were collected with artificial vagina from three Ghezel-Merinose rams (3 years old) during non- breeding reproduction season. Semen was diluted with a Citrate-base extender containing group1, without antioxidants, group2, vitamin E 5mM, group3, b-mercaptoethanol (b-ME) 50mM and group4, vitamin E (5mM) & M b-mercaptoethanol 50m. Diluted semen was cooled to 5oC and storage at same temperature for 72h. Semen was investigated after 24, 48 and 72h. Result showed that progressive motility and viability in Control group were higher than other treatment groups. The progressive motility in vitamin E supplemented group was significantly higher than other groups supplemented with antioxidant. The addition of vitamin E to the extender increased (P<0.05) sperm viability compared to other groups supplemented with antioxidants. Progressive motility and viability were significantly higher than other (P<0.05) in the vitamin E group. Viability and progressive motility were significantly higher in vitamin E & v-ME groups than in b-ME. In conclusion vitamin E supplementation of citrate –egg yolk extender improved progressive motility and viability fresh sperm during storage at 5oC for 72h. Sperm storage time had a significant effect on sperm viability and progressive motility. Based on this study, there were no combinations more efficient at combating semen quality than control group.