TEHRAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL (TUMJ)
Year:2005 | Volume:63 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Background: This study was performed to investigate the rate of inner cell mass of blastocyst which obtain from culture of mouse two cell embryos in presence and absence of recombinant of human leukemia inhibitory factor.Materials and Methods: ICR female mice that were between 6-8 weeks old received intra peritoneal injection of 7.5 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropine for super ovulation, this was followed by intra peritoneal administration of 7.5 of hCG 46-48 hours later. The mice were then mated to mature ICR male mice and were checked for vaginal plug 20 hours later. Female mice were killed by cervical dislocation 48-50 hours after hCG administration and after washing and flushing of the oviduct from the proximal end of the oviduct, two cell embryos were selected and collected by 100 microscopy. All two cell embryos were randomly divided in 4 groups (Groups A, B C and D) and culture in special media. Groups A: KSOM+AA, Groups B: KSOM+AA 500 IU/ml LIF. Groups C: KSOM+AA 1000 IU/ml LIF. Groups D: KSOM+AA 1500 IU/ml LIF media until 120 hours in Co2 incubator .After that time all blastocysts collected and the number of ICM was assessed by differential staining technology. Results: The rates of ICM of blastocysts which obtain from groups A, B, C and D were 19±2.6 28±4.4 ,24±2.1, 26±2.2 respectively. This data indicated that the rate of ICM in groups B, C and D was statistically higher than group A (P=0.02) and also there was not statistically different between three groups of B, C and D.Conclusion: Briefly leukemia inhibitory factor can improve the rate of ICM of blastocyst and we suggest that this factor is better added to blastocyst culture medium.

Background: Fumes generated during electric welding are one of air pollutants of working place in industrial companies, which can cause some clinical signs and diseases in worker, including mucosal irritation, changing of semen quality and cancer. Chronic exposure of workers with these fumes can cause reduce sperm motility and forward penetration and decrease in normal sperm count. Although a lot of researches were done in this field up to now, there is little information about histopathological effects of these fumes on germinal epithelium. The aim of this study was to identify structural changes of germinal epithelium in Rat as an experimental model after exposure to fumes of electric welding in exposure chamber.Material and Methods: A total number of 60 Sprague Dawley Rats were chosen and divided into experimental (40) and control (20) groups. Each of groups was subdivided into 2, 4, 6 and 8-week subgroups. The number of Rat in each subgroup of experimental and control group was 10 and 5 respectively. Animals were housed in standard situation. After adaptation experimental group were exposed to fumes of electric welding (AMA 2000 electrode, 100 Ampere, 0.1 cm/s speed of electrode welding) for 2 hour/day and 5 day/week. The rate of air turn over in exposure chamber was fixed to 12-15/hour. The amount of O3, CO, CO2, NO + NO2 and particulate matter were measured by Galtec detectors and Cellulose acetate filter respectively. According to time table animals were killed and specimens from testis were taken and fixed in formaline buffer solution and processed routinely.Sections with 5-7 micrometer in thickness were stained by H-E, PAS, PNA and Alcian blue pH=2.5. The thickness of germinal epithelium was measured and data were analyzed by Kruskall Wallis test. Results: The results of this study showed a few quantitative and qualitative changes in germinal epithelium. Vasodilatation of vessels in tunica albuginea and interstitial tissue, decreasing of eosinophilia in myoid cells, increase in size of spermatogonia especially dark type, disorganization of association between sertoli and spermatogenic cell lineage and spermatogenic arrests in spermatocyte I period. There were significant difference between experimental and control group for thickness of germinal epithelium (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that although some adaptation response was appeared in experimental group, a lot of structural changes also appeared in germinal epithelium. The amount and severity of these changes were dependent to 3 factors; include the amount of fumes, the variety of it and the duration of exposure.

Histiocytosis under general anesthesia. In these patients, depend on organs involvement and dysfunction, anesthesia technique and specific drugs should be selected of langerhans cells consist of a range of clinical manifestations, including bone eosimophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller- Chiristian syndrome and Letterer-Siwe disease. Definitive diagnosis is based on biopsy of involved tissues. This report describes anesthesia technique in a 2 years old girl for diagnostic biopsy .

Background: In this study we evaluated the treatment of giant cell tumor (GCT) of long bones using cryosurgery combined with curettage and polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) cementing.Material and methods: From January 1999 to December 2004, twenty patients (mean age at the time of surgery 29.2 years); 13 females and 7 males; were included in the study. Cortical disruption were presented in 7 patients; 4 with soft tissue extension, but none of them had intra-articular extension of tumor, 3 patients presented with pathologic fracture of distal femoral lesions. These tumors were located in distal femur in 6 patients, proximal tibia in 7, distal radius in 3, proximal femur in 2, and each of proximal humerus and distal ulna in one patient. In each case diagnostic biopsy was done and surgical procedure performed including curettage, power burr of the wall, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen and finally filling the space with PMMA cementing. The mean follow-up was 34 months (7 to 61 ).Results: During follow-up, we observed one recurrence of GCT of proximal tibia. Secondary Aneurysmal bone cyst was reported at the site of one primary distal femoral lesion, without any finding in favor of a recurrence. Neurapraxia of the proneal nerve was occurred in one patient with proximal tibia tumor improved after 8 months.Conclusion: Cryosurgery combined with power burr and PMMA cementing in the treatment of GCT could be an effective approach in tumor eradication. This method obviates the need for extensive resections and reconstructive procedure.

Background: In 2-4% of couples in fertile ages, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs which consisted one out of 300 pregnancies. The aim of this study was to comparison insulin resistance (IR) in patients with RPL to normal individuals.Materials and Methods: In a case-controlled, prospective study, 49 non-pregnant, non-diabetic women with early RPL as the case group and 49 non-pregnant, non-diabetic women without RPL who had at least one live infant as the control group, and were matched by age, weight, and height, were enrolled. In both groups fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured and insulin resistance, which was defined as a fasting insulin (FI) level ≥20 microU/mL or a fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGI ratio) of <4.5, was calculated.Results: The RPL and control groups were similar with respect to age, BMI, fasting glucose levels and glucose to insulin ratios. FI was significantly higher in RPL group than control group (15.20±5.82 vs. 12.23±5.64 microU/mL). Also the frequency of patients with high FI (F≥20µU/ml) in RPL group was significantly higher than in control group (22.45% vs. 6.12%, Odds Ratio=4.44, Confidence Interval 95%=1.15-17.07). Among the RPL group, 24.49% demonstrated insulin resistance, whereas only 8.16% of the matched controls were insulin resistant (Odds Ratio=3.65, Confidence Interval 95%=1.08-12.26). The RPL and control groups had similar in frequency of low FGI ratio. Also there was no significant difference between mean of FGI ratio in patients with fewer than 12 weeks miscarriage compared to over 12 weeks in RPL group. Conclusion: Women with RPL have a significantly increased prevalence of insulin resistance when compared with matched fertile controls. It"s recommended that in all women with RPL the glucose and insulin measurement should be carried.

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress with severity of atherosclerosis lesions. Materials and Methods: The patients (52 males and 36 females) were selected from individuals with angiographically defined CAD admitted to the shahid Madani Hospital. Control groups were selected from sex and age matched apparently healthy individuals (15 Males and 24 Females). Serum Homocysteine levles were measured by ELISA method (Awareness stat fax-2IOO Model). Total antionxidant capacity of samples was determined by Autoanalyzer (COBAS MIRA plus model) using Randox kits. The correlation between the measured parameters and extension of atherosclerotic lesions were calculated using statistical analysis in the both groups. Results: The mean levels of Homocysteine in patients and control groups were 20.38±10.22 µmol/l and 18.56±9.47 µmol/L respectively and the differences were not significant (p> 0.05) . In the patient group the mean level of Antioxidant capacity was 1.34±0.12 mmol/L. whereas that of control was 1.39±0.12 mmol/L (p>0.05). Using statistical analysis no correlation was noticed between extension Of atherosclerosis lesions. low total antioxidant capacity and high serum total homocysteine. Conclusion: In this study no significant differences between levels of homocysteine and total antioxidant in patients and control groups and no marked relationship between studied parameters suggest, that hyperhomocysteinemia has no important role in progress of atherosclerosis lesions.

Background: We conducted this study To find relationship between maternal glucose challenge test (GCT) levels and fetal body weight (BW).Materials and Methods: We analyzed five hundred women with singleton pregnancy, who had GCT at 24-28 week during pregnancy. All of them had no history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus or other medical disease before pregnancy or during previous pregnancy, and all of them had weight gain appropriate with their pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Also nobody had history of drug abuse or smoking. In this descriptive–analytic survey, maternal age, gravidity, BMI,GCT level ,gestational age (GA) , sex of neonate, rout of delivery , newborn weight and apgar score were evaluated .The student’s T-test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. We used Pearson coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and chi-square test for determination GCT threshold.Results: We found rate of small for gestational age (SGA) in newborns statistically was significant, who their maternal GCT level was ≤80mg/dl, P value: 0/018, specificity 89%, sensitivity 58% and confidence interval: 95% (0/162-0/545).Conclusion: Low GCT level has association with SGA and can be used as a predictive test and may be an indication for dietary intervention.

Background: The high incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the conventional treatments and the experimental observations have shown that by taking particular foods or omitting some foods form ordinary diet, the disease symptoms of the patients reduce. The interesting point is that fasting lowers the objective and subjective indexes of disease activities in most patients who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. The effects of a short-time fast and subsequent vegetarian diets for one year, on the rheumatoid arthritis patients were studied in this research.Materials and Methods: 52 patients (40 females and 12 males) with definite rheumatoid arthritis, based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were selected and duly studied with single blind method. 28 patients were selected after one month fasting at Ramadan. From the tenth day, a vegetarian diet was prescribed for them. This diet was continued for three moths. After three moths, the diet was changed to a combination of milk, vegetables and fruits. Two of the patients left the study at the end of Ramadan. A group of 24 non-fasting patients with ordinary food diet were selected as control group.Results: In the patients subject of study (with the average age of 39+14.5) and average 36 months disease, after four weeks of fasting under vegetarian diet, significant improvement was found in many of their disease indexes based on ACR criteria, such as joint pain and joint swelling, length of morning stiffness and responds to a health evaluation questionnaires. These suitable effects have still remained the same after one year. With respect to the findings, it is concluded that fasting and a changed diet had left significant effects on all calculated indexes. Although short time fasting had suitable effects in most patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, almost in all cases, the disease recurred when the patient returned to his/her ordinary food diet.Conclusion: The results of the study show that the patient’s improvement can continue through selecting a type of food diet and based on a regulated diet, the rheumatoid arthritis activities decrease. It is suggested to set a tolerable food diet for the rheumatoid arthritis patients and those foods, which involve in the disease, should be omitted or at least, balanced.

Background: This study was designed to compare low-level laser therapy (LLLT) + exercise therapy with LLLT alone and exercise therapy alone, and to determine whether laser therapy is a useful treatment modality for chronic low back pain (LBP).Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Patients with chronic LBP for at least 12 weeks were included. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Schober test, flexion, extension and lateral bending were used to evaluate back pain, disability score and lumbar range of motion. Irradiation was performed with GaAlAs (λ=810 nm, power density=226 mW/cm2) laser, two times a week, over a period of 6 weeks. Subjects were evaluated before the first treatment, at week 6 and 12 follow-up.Results: The reduction in pain related to motion was significantly greater in the exercise + LLLT group compared with the exercise alone group (P = 0.004) but was not significant, compared with LLLT alone (P = 0.982). Disability score in LLLT + exercise therapy reduced more than the other two groups, and the difference with exercise alone group was significant (p = 0.03). Comparison of reduction of disability between LLLT alone and exercise therapy alone was not statistically significant.Improvement of lumbar range of motion in patients treated with LLLT + exercise therapy was better than the other two groups significantly, especially by Schober test and Flexion and lateral bending.Conclusion: This study clearly shows that LLLT alone and especially LLLT combined with exercise can lead to better improvement in chronic LBP.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a major mediator of inflammatory responses and also plays a role in Febrile non-hemolytic reactions (FNHRs) after platelet concentrates (PCs) injection. It is thought contaminating WBCs are the source of these cytokine so inactivating or decreasing of these WBCs will be effective to decline of the cytokines. Due to difference results between different methods for TNF measurement, in this study we compared Immunoass and Bioassay methods to determine TNF-α in supematants of PCs. Materials and Methods: TNF-α was measured by ELISA (Immunoassay) and by the L929 cytotoxicity Bioassay in supernatant of random donor PCs (RD-PC) prepared by platelet rich plasma (PRP). These platelet concentrates were divided in 4 groups: 1- unfiltered , non-irradiated RD-PCs (N=13) 2- unfiltered and y-irradiated RD-PCs (N=16) 3- filtered, non-irradiated RD-PCs (N=14) 4- filtered and y-irradiated RD-PCs (N=11) Results: Our results showed: TNF- α was increased (by ELISA) in unfiltered non-irradiated units during storage but not in γ-irradiated and filtered RD-PCs in day 3. Compared to unfiltered PCs in filtered units, pre-storage filtration and irradiation prevented a rise in the TNF-α in day 3 of storage. There was no correlation between ELISA and the cytotoxicity L929 bioassay Conclusion: It has been previously reported that different quantitative results can be obtained when TNF alpha is measured in biological fluids by Bioassay and Immunoassay. This is thought to be related to the presence of antigenic forms of TNF alpha that cannot be detected by bioassay, such as complexes with soluble receptors (sTNF-R) or TNF alpha monomers.

Background: No evidence exists regarding the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in adolescents. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of this phenotype in a representative sample of Tehranian adolescents.Materials and Methods: Anthropometry and biochemical measurement were assessed in a population-based cross-sectional study of 3036 Tehranian adolescents (1413 male and 1623 female) aged 10-19 years. Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined as concurrently having serum triglyceride concentration ≥110 mg/dl and waist circumference ≥90th percentile for age and sex. Overweight (≥95th percentile) and at risk for overweight (≥85th-<95th percentile) was defined based on the standardized percentile curves of body mass index suggested for Iranian adolescents. Results: The prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was 6.4% (95%CI: 5.5-7.2) among Tehranian adolescents (males: 7.3%, 5.9-8.7 and females: 5.6%, 4.4-6.7). Overweight subjects had the highest proportion of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype than those at risk for overweight and those with normal-weight (male: 42.9 vs 2.9 and 0.0%, respectively, P<0.01; female: 32.5 vs 11.3 and 1.3%, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusion: This study provides evidence showing high prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Tehranian adolescents, particularly among overweight adolescents. This finding highlights the need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies relying on diet, physical activity and lifestyle modification.