Journal of Community Health Research
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

developing breast cancer in the future. Some strategies to reduce this risk involve adopting a healthier lifestyle as well as involving diet and exercise in everyday life (2). . .

Introduction: Students are predisposed to loss of general health due to the special circumstances of the education period. Considering that they constitute a significant proportion of the population, their general health status can be considered as a good basis to plan for their general health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the general health status in students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive study, 272 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016 were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection instrument was a three-section questionnaire including demographic characteristics, lifestyle-related habits, a standard health questionnaire, and a general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). After data collection was done, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive and Independent T-test and one-way ANOVAs. Results: Findings of the study showed that 54. 4% of students had a nonfavorable general health status. The general health status of the students was not significantly associated with gender, education level, parents’ education level and residence status (p > 0. 05). However, there was a significant difference in the variable of smoking (p = 0. 03), and this difference was more pronounced in the areas related to depression (p = 0. 01). Conclusion: Regarding the negative effects of the students' depression and smoking on their general health status, it seems that the general health of the students can be improved by providing consulting services and designing and implementing preventive action.

Introduction: Firefighting is one of the occupations that requires high physical and aerobic power due to the nature of the job and the physical demands of this profession. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship among Workability index (WAI), mental workload, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their effective factors in firefighters. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 250 firefighters in Tehran in 2019. Data were collected using WAI, NASA-TLX and Body Discomfort Chart (BDC). Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, linear regression, Pearson, and Spearman correlations Results: The mean (SD) of total mental load was 70. 07 (6. 58). Also, the mean (standard deviation) of the total WAI score was 38. 85 (1. 17). Physical workload dimension had the highest value among mental workload dimensions 93. 49 (8. 93). The results showed that WAI is increased by 0. 14 by augmentation of one unit at the academic level of firefighters (p = 0. 03). The most common discomfort was reported in the lower (50 people (20%)) and upper (42 people (16. 8%)) regions of the back. The total WAI relationship with total mental workload was positive and insignificant (p>0. 05). There was a significant and reverse association between WAI and discomfort in the wrist, leg, and ankle. Conclusion: Despite the low rate of MSDs, even mild symptoms of musculoskeletal pain should be considered. Given the high level of mental workload, improving physical, psychosocial and social working conditions is important in increasing the ability of employees and augmenting the ability of their occupational activity.

Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers that is mostly caused by ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting skin cancer preventive behaviors in medical sciences students based on the extended parallel process model that is responsible for the future health of the community. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 students who were selected by the simple random sampling method in Yazd in 2017. The data were collected by translating the questionnaire based on the extended parallel process model. The data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software and descriptive tests and non-parametric Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman correlation and linear regression at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The mean(SD) age of participants was 22. 01 (5. 24), more than half of whom (57. 3%) used sunscreen as a self-protective behavior against the sunlight. The perceived severity construct had the highest score among the constructs (79. 53) and preventive behaviors score (61. 7). Among the demographic variables, gender had a significant statistical difference with the constructs of fear and behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors and economic status variable in the perceived response efficacy construct. Among the model constructs, the behavioral intention was the strongest behavioral predictor of skin cancer prevention (p< 0. 000, β =0. 589). Conclusion: In view of the findings, it seems necessary to increase protective behaviors against sunlight and skin cancer prevention by removing existing barriers including cultural issues. Also, recurrent training can be effective in promoting behavioral intention of student in preventing skin cancer.

Introduction: It is generally accepted that cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem all over the world which is caused by leishmaniasis protozoan. This disease is also known as a health problem in some regions of Iran including Bushehr province. The present study investigated the geographical dispersion and the epidemiological characteristics of subjects with the cutaneous leishmaniasis in this province from 2011 to 2015. Method: In this cross-sectional and analytical study, the epidemiologic data including the age, gender, residential area, and counties with this disease was analyzed and collected from 663 patients who were followed up and treated from 2011 to 2015. Results: 422 (63. 7%) of studied people were residents of urban areas and 241 (36. 3%) lived in rural areas. 59. 4% (394 people) were male and 40. 6% (269) were female. The mean (SD)age of the subjects was 21. 91( 17. 01) (ranging from 1 to 80). Kangan County with an average 5-year incidence of 17. 72 per a hundred thousand people had the highest incidence, but Tangestan County with the incidence of 8. 47 per a hundred thousand people had the lowest average incidence. Based on GIS results, Jam County, which was not recognized as the focus of this disease in the past, has been considered as a new focus of disease in recent years. Conclusion: The geographic information system (GIS) is regarded as an effective tool for the organization of diseases and health data. The crisis can be identified and controlled by taking proper measures with the discovery of spatial accumulation of diseases.

Introduction: Recently, the health care sector has been moved towards establishing non-governmental organizations (NGOs); due to the fact that collaborative approaches are happening more in these organizations and they provide better services. This collaboration has been conducted in a variety of ways, requiring the investigation of a study with the aim of providing a management pattern of health benefactors’ collaboration in medical sciences Universities of Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative and Delphi study conducted in 2017. The study population was 13 universities out of 57 universities of medical sciences in Iran to which the questionnaire was sent. To obtain experts’ opinion and consensus, using Delphi technique, a questionnaire with initial classifications and subclasses was electronically sent to the social deputy of the universities of medical sciences for three times. In order to ensure the consistency of the experts, their responses were analyzed by Kendall correlation analysis in 5 phases. SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of this study showed that the factors affecting the participation of the benefactors in the medical sciences Universities of Iran include: holding meetings in the beginning of the academic year of the universities, holding meetings in special timeframes, and using benefactors’ financial resources in the research field. the Kendall coefficient was 61% in the first stage. By improving the questionnaire in the second stage, the Kendall coefficient reached 86%, and in the third stage of validation, it increased to 91%. Conclusion: The management pattern of collaboration can be used to improve the management of health benefactors’ collaboration in Iran Universities of Medical Sciences, and the highest priority to improve its performance depends on the organization and guidance among its members.

Introduction: Respiratory disorders, as common problems in farmers, have a high mortality rate in Yazd City. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the respiratory parameters as well as the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in three age groups in farmers and non-farmers. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 300 farmers and 300 nonfarmers in Yazd. The administered questionnaires included cognitive knowledge and symptoms of respiratory diseases. All participants completed the questionnaires and took the lung function tests. Data were analyzed using independent T-t test, Chi square test, or Fisher's exact test by SPSS 24. Results: Spirometry results showed a significant reduction in the respiratory capacity of the farmer group compared to non-farmer. In all three age groups, the prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms in farmers were higher than nonfarmer groups and the prevalence of symptoms increased by increase of age. In the age group of "over 55 years", the risk of cough, phlegm, dyspnea, and wheezing were 17, 10. 78, 3. 58, and 6. 61 times more than the non-farmers, respectively. Among the respiratory symptoms, cough had the highest prevalence, while shortness of breath had the lowest prevalence. Discussion and conclusion: In order to prevent high prevalence of respiratory disorders in farmers, the mechanization of agricultural practices, promotion of farmers' health awareness by health professionals, appropriate implementation of training programs by the health department, and assistance of Jihad-e-Agriculture are necessary

Introduction: Education and income inequality are two important social determinants of health inequality. Every society for improving health status should focus on income equality and education for all. A review of the current situation helps to identify and improve the weaknesses in Iran. Methods: This study was descriptive and data collection was done by documentary study method. This researchtried to study various global databases, papers and global reports to search the status of Iran in comparison to other countries in different regions. Result: Studies have shown that inequality in income and wealth. Although the situation in Iran is better than the Persian Gulf countries, more inequality is observed in Iran in comparison to other parts of the world, including the United States and Western Europe. In terms of health, among the fifty major causes of death, Iran is ranked first and fourth in global terms due to road accidents and illicit drug use. At the same time, mortality from liver cancer, skin cancer, epilepsy, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, and cancer are in good condition compared to other countries in the world. In the field of education, the state of Iran in primary education, the exclusion of children from primary education, the guarantee of equal access for women and men to higher education and the eradication of gender inequality in participating in education is in a better situation than other parts of the world, but has been weaker than many other countries in the number of preschool years and pre-school education. Conclusion: The status of Iran in income inequality and education showed challenges that should be improve. These two as social determinants of health inequalities have an enormous role in health status. Sustainable development goals can be a guideline for developing the current situation.