JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH RESEARCH
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the most important stages in maternal and fetal life, in which mother's need for energy and food during this period increases due to physiological changes. As a result, mother's nutritional status has a significant impact on her health, her fetus, pregnancy outcomes and ultimately the community. Studies have shown that nutritional knowledge and attitudes affect nutrition effectively. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pregnant women regarding nutrition during pregnancy in Yazd. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 120 pregnant women in Yazd health centers during summer 2017. The questionnaires in this study were researcher-made including demographic variables, knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and coloration in SPSS version 18. Results: The results showed that knowledge in 33. 3% of pregnant women was poor, 64. 2% moderate and 2. 5% good. The attitude of most people (98. 2%) was positive towards proper nutrition during pregnancy. The practice of 70% of people was moderate about nutrition during pregnancy. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the knowledge and practice of most people in the field of nutrition during pregnancy was in the medium range. Furthermore, the attitude of most people was positive towards nutrition. Therefore, educational programs to improve the knowledge and practice of pregnant women should be implemented by pregnant care providers.

Introduction: Marital satisfaction is defined as individuals’ global subjective evaluation of the quality of their marriage. Quality of Life (QOL) is a multidimensional concept and includes all aspects of individuals’ lives. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a wide variety of emotional and physical symptoms and behavioral changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of marital dissatisfaction and premenstrual syndrome in the emotional dimension of quality of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 women who referred to the health centers in the suburbs of Yazd. Tools for data collection were Quality of Life questionnaire SF36, Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool and Index of Marital Satisfaction (QOL &PSST & IMS). The collected data were coded by SPSS18; descriptive statistics were used to summarize and organize the data. Then, data were analyzed using Path Analyze Test. Results: Marital dissatisfaction (p = 0. 021) and premenstrual syndrome (p = 0. 001) have a direct negative effect on the quality of life's emotional dimension, and the severity of premenstrual syndrome has a stronger effect. Also, marital dissatisfaction with the effect on the severity of premenstrual syndrome (p = 0. 001) indirectly affects the quality of life's emotional dimension. Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize that women with premenstrual syndrome and marital dissatisfaction have problems in their emotional dimension. Therefore, women should be educated in order to have a better mental health, overcome complications of marital life, and recognize the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. They also need to learn the improvement strategies overcome the premenstrual factors and increase their quality of life.

Introduction: Current figures indicate that many of first marriages in Iran will end in separation or divorce due to many problems, one of these causes of this phenomenon is a marital adjustment. Marital adjustment denotes emotional stability, intellectual efficiency, social effectiveness people and acts as a fundamental contributor to the health and development of family members. One of the most important factors influencing marital adjustment is attachment styles. This study aimed to determine the relationship between attachment styles and marital adjustment in women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 women referring to counselling centers in 2016. The participants were selected via available sampling. The data collection instruments consisted of two standardized questionnaires include Spanier’ s marital adjustment (1976), and Collins and Read’ s Adult Attachment Style Scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression analysis, regression equation. Results: The attachment styles were predictors of marital adjustment. There was a significant negative correlation between marital adjustment, anxious and avoidant attachment styles while the correlation between marital adjustment and secure attachment style was significantly positive. Conclusion: The results showed that the early relationship within the family environment supports a certain attachment style and the effects of the avoidant insecure and ambivalent insecure styles affect the interpersonal relations of the couples in adulthood. As attachment styles are contributory to marital adjustment, counselors can build on couple therapy approach to have an effective role in modifying attachment styles of the couple and solving their conflicts both before and after marriage.

Introduction: To assess patients’ awareness on the risk factors, complications and prevention of complications of hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a non-random sample of hypertensive patients attending Songea Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania using an interview based questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS v. 14. Results are expressed as Mean ± SD for continuous data and proportions for categorical data. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between variables and patients’ awareness on risk factors, complications, and prevention of complications of hypertension. Results: Four hundred and fifty hypertensive patients with mean age of 57. 00 ± 12. 60 years were enrolled in the study. Females accounted for 52. 90% of the study population. More than one-third (35. 60%) of patients had low level of awareness on the risk factors, complications and preventive measures of complication of hypertension. Having higher education level, having a long standing history of hypertension of more than 5 years, and a positive family history of hypertension were all associated with high level of awareness among hypertensive patients. Conclusion: The findings show that a considerable number of hypertensive patients are not aware of the risk factors, complications and preventive measures of hypertension. Assessing patients’ awareness of risk factors and complications of hypertension during follow-up visits may improve patients’ control of blood pressure and slow down the progression of complications.

Introduction: Influenza is a viral disease which is self-limited in immunocompetent patients but it can be dangerous in immunocompromised patients. In these patients, it may lead to sever viral and/or bacterial infection that may often lead to death. Therefore, prevention of influenza in immunocompromised patients is very important; consequently health care workers’ belief is also important. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices of health care workers in oncology, hemodialysis and transplantation towards influenza vaccination in hospitals of Isfahan in 2017. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study selected health care workers filled a questionnaire. In the first section of the questionnaire the subjects were asked about their demographic characterization and in the second section about their knowledge, attitude and practices. At the end, data were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: This study evaluated 110 units, among which 72 were (65. 5%) female and 38 (34. 5%) were male. Mean age of individuals was 32. 7± 7 years and mean time of their working acquaintance was 8. 49± 6. 8 years. Attitude of the health care workers was good but only 58 units from 110 (52. 7%) had been vaccinated. Conclusion: Considering the knowledge and attitude of the participants and their low proportion of vaccination, it seems that there should be programs for improving the vaccination in health care workers in Iran Moreover, Iran should model on the countries that have better vaccination coverage in their health care workers.

Introduction: The existence of female-headed households is a global fact. These women are the most vulnerable members of the society, who experience some degrees of emotional distress, general signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotionfocused therapy on anxiety and depression of the female-headed households. Methods: This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest design in which the experimental and control groups were investigated. The study was performed on 30 women who headed the households and were supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Yazd city. The participants were selected randomly in 2016. The data collection tool of this study included the Beck anxiety and depression questionnaire. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The findings showed that the emotion-focused treatment method reduced the anxiety of the participants. Moreover, the effect size was equal to 0. 52, which indicated that 52 percent of the variance changes were attributed to the independent variable. In addition, the emotion-focused therapy reduced the level of depression among the women. The reported effect size was 0. 734, which showed that 73 percent of the variance changes were due to the independent variable. Therefore, we can conclude that the emotion-focused therapy had a significant effect on the anxiety and depression of the female-headed households (p < 0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the multivariable model of covariance analysis indicates that changes in the groups can be caused by the intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that the emotion-focused therapy was effective on the anxiety and depression of the women. Consequently, this therapy can be used to reduce the anxiety and depression of the female household heads.

Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in many parts of the world, which has made problems for the public health and the livestock economics. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological status of brucellosis disease in Abadeh county, Fars province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the demographic and epidemiologic data of 985 patients with brucellosis who referred to the health centers and clinics of Abadeh county from 2011 to 2017 were evaluated. In order to analyze the data, the frequency distribution, statistical model was used through SPSS version 25. A significant level of 0. 05 was considered. Results: The incidence of the disease in 2011-2017 was 128. 78 per 100, 000 populations. Most cases of the disease were reported in the spring and summer. The highest number of people with the brucellosis consisted of housewives (28. 7%), ranchers (25. 4%), and students and pupil (17. 8%). In addition, 56 percent of the patients were the rural inhabitants. This study showed that 62. 6 percent of the patients were in contact with the livestock and 50. 2 percent of the cases had consumed non-pasteurized cheese, which have been the sources of infection transmission to humans. The mean age of the patients was 34. 3 ± (19. 35) years and the age group of 25-34 years had the highest number of patients (20. 9), and the prevalence of the disease in men was one and a half times higher than this rate in women. Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of brucellosis disease in Abadeh city, training about the ways of disease transmission should be provided to various population groups, especially the individuals who are at risk.

Introduction: Abnormalities and genetic disorders in the fetus are one of the most important traumatic events for mothers, which can cause discomfort and stress. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training based on problem-focused coping strategies on Quality of Life (QOL) in pregnant women with genetic risk of fetal abnormality. Methods: The current study is an experimental method of field trial type with a pretest-posttest and a control group. After randomly selection of 30 pregnant women with genetic risk of fetal abnormalities, a pretest of the quality of life questionnaire was done and they were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). Then, the experimental groups during twelve sessions (once a week, for 60 minutes) were trained coping strategies and after completion of training, from both groups, QOL post-test was performed and the descriptive statistical index and covariance analysis test was used to analyze. Results: Results showed that Mothers' QOL scores increased significantly in post-test compared to pre-test, and significantly different. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in various dimensions of QOL including Physical Functioning (PF), Role Physical (RP), Bodily Pain (BP), General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), Social Functioning (SF), Role Emotional (RE), and Mental Health (MH). In the intervention group compared to the control (F= 67. 48, P< 0. 01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that coping strategies training on QOL pregnant women with genetic risk of fetal abnormality is statistically significant in its effectiveness. In addition, it can be deduced that training of problemfocused coping strategies can serve as an effective instructive approach to prevent risks of stress among pregnant women with genetic risk of fetal abnormality.