Practice in Clinical Psychology
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of negative and positive affectivity, self-focused attention, and attentional control in social anxiety symptoms.Methods: A sample of 382 students of Isfahan University was selected and the participants completed Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlatiosn and multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 20.Results: The results indicated that there were positive significant relationships between negative affectivity, self-focused attention and social anxiety symptoms. Also findings showed negative and significant relationships between positive affectivity, attentional control and social anxiety symptoms. In regression analysis, negative and positive affectivity, self-focused attention, and attentional control were predictors of social anxiety symptoms.Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggested that negative and positive affectivity, self-focused attention, and attentional control have important role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety symptoms.

Objective: Craving is the central core of addiction and the reason for substance abuse continuation and also returning to addiction after treatment. In order to identify the effecting factors on craving, this study was performed to determine the role of self-compassion, cognitive self-control and illness perception in predicting the craving levels in people with substance dependency.Methods: This research was a correlational study. The statistical population included all thepeople with substance dependency referring to Shiraz addiction treatment centers from July to September 2013. One hundred and fifty people from this population were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method. Having conducted clinical interviews, they were being asked to response the self-compassion, cognitive self-control, illness perception, and craving questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression using SPSS 18.0 software.Results: The findings showed that craving was positively correlated with self-judgment (r= 0.21; P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with self-compassion (r=-0.31; P < 0.001), cognitive self-control (r=-0.18; P < 0.05), and illness coherence (r=-0.16; P < 0.05) as one component of illness perception. Results of the regression analyses showed that 10% of craving variance was explained by self-compassion, which was one of the components of self-compassion and 3% of its variance explained by cognitive-self-control.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that self-compassion and cognitive self-control are predictors of craving in people with substance dependency.

Objective: It seems that emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation are among psychological components. Which play critical role in anxiety disorders. The present study predicted school anxiety based on emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation in female students in Savadkouh Iran.Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlative research. A total of 110 first grade high school female students in Savadkouh City participated in this study from 2012 to 2013. The study sample was randomly selected using multiple-stage clustering. The participants filled out Emotion Regulation questionnaire, Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale and Anxiety School Subscale of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Then, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were calculated.Results: The results of regression analysis showed that Suppression and fear of positive evaluation could predict girl students’ school anxiety as positive and significant.Conclusion: We concluded that emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation play critical role in predicting school anxiety in female high school students.

Objective: Personality is the most important infrastructure factor in addiction, and substance abusers have certain personal weaknesses that make them vulnerable to addiction. This study examined the role of sensation-seeking and coping strategies in predicting drug addiction in high school students.Methods: This study is a descriptive–correlational research. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 230 high-school students in Kermanshah City. To measure the variables, Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale Form V, Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Billings and Moos), and the Addiction Potential Scale (Weed and Butcher) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results: There was a significant relationship between sensation-seeking and drug addiction potential among the students. Moreover, coping strategies could predict drug abuse potential, and emotion-focused coping was the most powerful predicting variable.Conclusion: According to our results, people with a higher level of sensation-seeking and those who use emotion-focused coping strategies are more prone to substance abuse.

Objective: In recent years, there has been a rising interest in cognitive behavioral research to explore the role of emotion regulation in the development and maintenance of mental disorders and resiliency against or recovery from them. Particularly, different strategies people use to regulate their emotions may have more important role in emotional disorders including depression. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature focusing on the role of ER in depression.Methods: In this paper, we present a brief review of the latest studies (in English and Persian) regarding depression and 6 relevant emotion-regulation strategies (i.e. suppression, rumination, experiential avoidance, reappraisal, mindfulness, and acceptance). Then, we attempt to integrate findings of these cognitive-behavioral and neurobiological investigations utilizing the Gross`s process model of emotion regulation.Results: According to the research results, we can generally conclude that emotion regulation may be an important mediator/moderator mechanism in the pathogenesis of depression that could also be a good target for intervention in psychotherapy.Conclusion: Some challenging issues in this area are noted and their implications for cognitive-behavioral research and therapies are discussed.

Objective: The objective of this study was analyzing the effect of meta-cognition elements on depression, trait and state anxiety symptoms.Methods: In this Study, the sample consisted of 224 students of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences that answered three questionnaires including Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pearson correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression to analyze were used for data analysis.Results: According to the results, there is a positive and significant correlation between total score of metacognition and four elements of beliefs (positive beliefs, negative beliefs, uncontrollability and low cognitive trust (P<0.01). In addition, summary of results indicated that out of metacognitive elements, only general negative beliefs may predict the variations of depression scores, (P<0.01).Conclusion: Summary of this study demonstrated that metacognitive beliefs are significantly effective on prediction of depression and anxiety. Moreover, out of metacognitive elements, only general negative beliefs, in comparison with other elements, may predict the depression.

Objective: The interest in cosmetic surgery has increased dramatically during recent years and psychologists have focused on the associations of this interest. The present study aimed to compare cosmetic surgery patients and normal individuals in terms of their early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), body image (BI), and self-esteem, as well as investigate the relationships of EMSs and self-esteem with BI.Methods: 120 university students (60 patients with cosmetic surgery and 60 normal individuals) completed the Short Form of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), Multidimensional Body-Self Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Test (CSEI). To investigate data, multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient test, and multiple regressions were administered. SPSS-20 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Groups study showed significant differences in their appearance evaluation. Findings indicated significant correlations between domains of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy, and self-esteem with BI. Also, results indicated that EMSs and self-esteem were the significant predictors of BI.Conclusion: Cosmetic surgery can improve one’s appearance, but to gain a comprehensive understanding of its causes and outcomes, we must consider various social and psychological factors and their interactions.

Objective: Young’s schema theory provides a theoretical basis that relates coping styles to early maladaptive schemas. This research aimed to identify maladaptive coping strategies including avoidance and over compensation strategies associated with migraine and tension headaches.Method: The present research was of cross sectional and correlational study type. The measures included Headache Disability Inventory and Avoidance and Over Compensation Questionnaires. The population of the study comprised adult patients with migraine and tension headaches aged 18 to 55 years living in Tehran, Iran. The final study sample included 69 participants with migraine or tension headaches and 86 non-clinical samples of both genders. They were selected by convenient and purposeful sampling after referring by psychiatrists. The two groups were matched based on sex and education.Results: Migraine and tension headache sufferers and non-clinical participants were significantly different in 9 avoidance strategies. There were also a negative correlation between headache and 2 overcompensation styles. In addition, a series of maladaptive coping (avoidance and overcompensation) strategies could significantly predict 84.1% and 70.4% of the total change in position of tension headaches and migraine group, respectively.Discussion: It seems that maladaptive coping strategies are important factors influencing migraine and tension headaches. The implications of the findings for both theory and treatment concerning are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.