JOURNAL OF GUILAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2017 | Volume:26 | Issue:101|Papers Count:12

Introduction: A number of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in selenoprotein genes have functional consequences with regard to the expression of the proteins. Sep15 exhibits antioxidant properties and thus may be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. The best-studied polymorphism of this selenoprotein includes G1125A (rs5859) that is located in the 3’UTR in the SEP15. It is associated with G/A transition at position 1125.Objective: To determine the association between SEP15 (G1125A) polymorphism and breast cancer risk.Materials and methods: This control-case study comprised of two groups: 100 breast cancer patients and 120 cancer free controls. DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping was carried out by tetra-primer ARMS-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program (version 12.1).Results: The distributions of GG, AG and AA Genotypes among patients were 12%, 67%, 21%, and in the controls were 9.2%, 86.6% and 4.2%, respectively. The genotype frequencies were significantly different between cases and the controls. The individuals carrying the AA genotype had a greater risk for BC compared with GG genotype (OR=3.85; 95%CI, 1.07-13.75; p=0.03).Conclusion: This study indicates that SEP15 G1125A polymorphism may be associated with BC, and that the AA genotype may be a risk factor for the disease. However, further researches are needed to confirm the results.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and a change in bowel habits. Because of IBS high prevalence in Guilan and Comorbidity of this disease with psychological disorders, more studies are required.Objective: This study has been conducted to compare the level of Life Satisfaction, Anxiety and Depression in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with healthy People.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through a case-control analysis. Participants included 67 patients with IBS who referred to 3 different Private practice Gastroenterologists in Rasht whom were chosen as available sampling. The controls including 67 individuals, was elected randomly among normal people who referred to Rasht public health clinics. These two groups were similar according to age and gender variables. All participants asked to complete the Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The outcome of two groups were compared and statistic analysis including Independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney U test was performed by SPSS software (version 21).Results: There is significant differences between these two groups in terms of Life Satisfaction, Anxiety and Depression (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the study, lower levels of Life satisfaction and higher levels of Anxiety and Depression may be involved in the development of irritable bowel syndrome.

Introduction: Acute encephalopathy is a condition in which brain function deteriorates rapidly and usually presents with loss of consciousness with or without focal neurologic symptoms. Some of its causes are infections, trauma, toxicities, and metabolic disorders and so on.Objective: To evaluate etiologic, epidemiologic, clinical and para-clinical characteristics and outcomes in children with acute febrile encephalopathy during 2013-2014 in educational and remedial 17-Shahrivar hospital, Rasht.Materials and Methods: This is a case series and cross sectional study performed during 2013-2014 in 17-Shahrivar hospital, Rasht. All of children between 2 month and 14 years old with acute febrile encephalopathy enrolled in the study. Children with head trauma history or history of underlying metabolic or neurologic disease were excluded. Exact history was taken and clinical examination of neurologic system was done; Then laboratory examinations and related evaluation such as: Cell count and cerebro-spinal fluid, imaging and so on were performed. All of information was fulfilled in a checklist and data was entered in SPSS Ver 19 and analyzed with descriptive tests and Fisher Exact Test.Results: Twenty seven children including 63% male and 37% female were entered in the study which most of them were more than 36 month old. 6.25% of them had headache and 51.9% of them had history of fever for more than 3 days of fever. 74.1% of them had white blood cell changes. Blood, cell count and Cerebro Spinal Fluide (CSF) culture and CSF smear were not positive in any children. 37% of results were enterovirus in viral culture. Twenty two patients had seizure, 4.7% of the children had improved with permanent side effect and none of them were died. Persistent complication of them was spastic cerebral palsy. There was no significant relation between treatment outcome and age group, season, gender and laboratory result of CSF (P>0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed that in our population one of important cause of acute febrile encephalopathy can be associated with enterovirus factors.

Introduction: Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) and Ectasia (CAE) are diseases that have been increasingly noticed as the increase in utilization of coronary angiograms.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms and ectasia and describe the patients admitted to a private clinic in 2012 to 2014.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involved all patient with invasive coronary angiogram that was performed at Dr.Heshmat and Golsar hospital in Rasht from may 2012 to may 2014. All data included cardiovascular disease major rick factors, demographic and angiographic characteristics were recorded in check list. Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 19.Results: A total of 1705 coronary angiography were performed during the period of the study. CAE was found in 216 patients (12.7% of all coronary angiograms). The majority (54.6%) were male. The mean age was 61.34±9.44 years (range, 30 to 83 years). CAE was associated with significant coronary artery stenosis in 123 patients (56.9%).The frequency of arterial involvement was: the right coronary artery (RCA) 56.9 %; left circumflex artery (LCx), 56.9%; the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 51.9%.Coronary ectasia involved a single vessel in 50.9%, two vessels in 26.9%, and three vessels in 20.4%. Hyperlipidemia (81.5%) and hypertension (73.6%) were also most comorbidty in these patients. Coronary artery aneurysm was found in 7 patients (0.4% of all coronary angiograms).Conclusion: The prevalence of coronary artery ectasia in this study among patient who went for coronary angiography is higher than what has been published in others studies.

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is one the most common and serious complications that patients develop after undergoing cardiac surgery.Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the preoperative anxiety and depression of the patients decided to undergo heart bypass surgery and to examine the relationship between these two factors and the incidence of postoperative delirium in the patients.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research study, as many as 108 patients referred to the surgery department of Heshmat Educational-Therapeutic Center in Rasht, north of Iran, for elective cardiac surgery were targeted. For the purpose of the data collection, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were distributed among the patients before they undergo the surgery and a Postoperative Delirium Scale (DOS) was given to them three days after the surgery. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and chi-square).Results: On average, delirium was reported in 38% percent of the patients three days after the surgery. It was also discovered that the average age of the patients with delirium was not significantly different from that of those without delirium. Moreover, the findings indicated that the frequency of experiencing delirium was not significantly different among patients in terms of being diabetic and non-diabetic and in terms of their sex, education, life condition, and marital status. State anxiety and trait anxiety were reported in 72% percent and 65% percent of the patients respectively. The frequency of experiencing delirium by the patients with state-trait anxiety as well as hospital anxiety and depression was not significantly different from that of those without disorders. It was shown that 31% of the patients had reported degrees of minor cognitive disorders before the surgery; the frequency of delirium in this group of the patients was not significantly different from the patients without any psychological disorders.Conclusion: Despite the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the patients before the heart bypass surgery, they did not experience more delirium than the patients without psychological disorders.

Introduction: Nowadays aging and disability arising from it, is considered as one of the most important concerns of human societies because life expectancy has increased due to increasing public health and hygiene and the percentage of people who reach to old age is extremely going up. On the other hand, the percentage of elderly population to total population with falling birth rate and thus reducing the population growth has increased. According to this fact, considering to stay healthy and having a healthy old age has become a priority, otherwise high costs arising from disability and treatment of it , would be imposed on society. This study, aimed to determine the age of onset of disability and causes of it in elderly people, was done to help the custodians of hygiene and public health to do targeted efforts to delay the age of onset of disability and eliminate its causes.Objective: This study, aimed to determine the age of onset of disability and causes of it in elderly people, was done to help the custodians of hygiene and public health to do targeted efforts to delay the age of onset of disability and eliminate its causes.Materials and methods: In this descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study all elderly people of Hospice of disabled and elderly people of Rasht (201 persons) were be counted and investigated in March 2015. Receips card in library studies and questionnaire and interview in the field part were data gathering tools. Data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 18 and descriptive and inferential statistics indicators.Results: this study showed that in both mobility and marital status there were significant differences in age at onset of disability between individuals with or without these features as the average age of onset of disabled people with low and very low mobility were 69.5 and in people with high and very high mobility were 76.1, and the average age of onset of disability in singles (celibates) were 68.9 and in married with children were 75.7. There were also differences in age of onset of disability in other features, although not significant, they could not be easily ignored.Conclusion: According to the result of this study, all individuals in the society must be informed with clear proposals particularly in the fields of mobility and marital status about the benefits of physical activity and its role in reducing disability during old age by custodians of relevant organizations.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. Today variables such as life expectancy and spiritual intelligence in relief of cancer recurrence have proven this.Objective: To compare life expectancy and spiritual intelligence between women suffering from breast cancer and healthy women of Rasht.Materials and Methods: Method of this study uses the descriptive and ex post facto method of research. Using sampling and Morgan table, a total of 150 women with cancer in the two groups (n=75) and healthy women (n=75) as the specimen and spiritual intelligence questionnaires and Schneider responded hope. The samples completed the spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Snyder hope scale. Analysis of collected data using descriptive indices, mean and standard deviation and t-test and analysis of variance was performed.Results: the Results of Samples in healthy group have higher mean in life expectancy variable in comparison with cancer patients (p<0.001, t=12.567). There was not any significant difference between two samples concerning spiritual intelligence variable. (t=1.067).Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that women with breast cancer compared with the general population of low life expectancy are but spiritual intelligence is the same.

Introduction: Dazinon (DZN) as organophosphate insecticide induces oxidative stress. Vitamins E and C are antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress.Objective: To determine the modulation of diazinon-induced oxidative stress by vitamins E and C in rat brain.Materials and Methods: In present experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including: control (corn oil as DZN solvent), DZN (100 mg/kg), vitamin E (150 mg/kg), vitamin C (200 mg/kg), vitamin E+DZN and vitamin C+DZN groups, all of which were given intraperitoneally. 24 hours after injection, animals were anesthetized by ether, and brain tissue was quickly removed. After tissues hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods.Results: DZN increased SOD (p<0.001) and GST (p<0.01) activities and MDA level (p<0.01), while it decreased CAT and LDH activities and GSH content (p<0.01) in brain compared with the control group. Administration of vitamin E or vitamin C inhibited the changed in these parameters.Discussion: Administration of vitamin E or vitamin C as antioxidant decreases DZN toxicity by scavenging free radicals but it does not protect completely.

Introduction: With respect to low emotional intelligence in opiate addicts rather than general population, we conducted this study to determine the effect of education on their emotional intelligence and quality of life.Objective: To Determent the Impact of Education on Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life of the Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Therapy.Materials and Methods: This study was performed as a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study with control group. Sixty men with methadone maintenance therapy were selected from center of addiction of Shafa Hospital, Rasht. Thirty drug abusers randomly participated in educational session swhich were held by a psychiatry resident. The training program consists of eight 90-minute sessions that were presented during the 8 weeks. Emotional Intelligence and quality of life of these individuals were compared with the control group. To measure these variables, we used Bar- on and SF-36 questionnaire, respectively. The resulting data were analyzed with using chi-square, student t and paired t tests. A significant statistic less than 0.05 were considered significant.Result: The mean age of participants in intervention and control groups were 33.1±6.5 and 36.3±6.3 years (P>0.05). Educational intervention were significantly improved emotional intelligence of participants and their quality of life compared to their scores inpre-intervention (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). Also 3 months after intervention, intervention group had greater emotional intelligence and quality of life scores rather than pre-intervention and control group (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively).Conclusion: This study showed impact of education on the improvement of emotional intelligence and quality of life of the patients with methadone maintenance therapy. However, all participants were male and the results of this study were interpreted cautiously. We recommend further studies about this issue.

Introduction: Hypoglycemia attack a clinical case of sulfonylureas toxicity in patients considered. Given the vulnerability of the brain in the long hypoglycemia in plasma glucose concentrations have returned to normal as quickly as possible, as well as the recurrence must be prevented.Case Report: Fifty -year-old female patient without past history of diabetes with decreased level of consciousness by emergency medicine serves (EMS) administration of naloxone was taken to the hospital. The patient on admission GCS of 12, the patient's blood sugar and potassium, respectively, 40 and 2.8 mg per dl, the patient was alert with infusion of 50% glucose. The patients in the first and second days despite treatment with hypertonic dextrose infusion and oral diet with relapse of hypoglycemia as loss of consciousness, sweating and was restless. Because of recurrent hypoglycemia, the third day, Octreotide was administered at a dose of 50 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours. Number of relapses of hypoglycemia was reduced. The fourth day, Octreotide were changed to 50 mg every 6 hours and hypoglycemia attacks stopped.Discussion and Conclusion: Typically in the treatment of hypoglycemia caused by poisoning oral anti-diabetes drugs such as Glibenclamide and insulin the Hypertonic glucose injection and is used for patients starting oral feeding. But it seems that Octreotide listed on the timing of the dose to treat patients with acute poisoning with sulfonylurea, hypoglycemia with frequent recurrences are to be effective.