Islamic Financial Research
Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

Qard-Al-Hasan banking is considered as one of the models of Islamic banking And Qard-Al-Hasan Resalat Bank operates with the aim of specialized activity and promoting the tradition of Qard-Al-Hasan in the country. This research, using a mixed explanatory approach, believes that in the first stage, with a quantitative method, it will extract the case study strategy and the trend analysis of various data of the financial statements of Qard-Al-Hasan Resalat Bank in a period of 8 years. And then by analyzing and reviewing the relevant tables and graphs in different fields such as the bank balance sheet, profit and loss statement, bank risk, Camels ratios and the capital market, to calculate the existing challenges. Also, in the second stage, in a qualitative way, by forming a focus group and conducting expert interviews, suitable solutions to solve the challenges are obtained, and finally, the correctness of the solutions to reduce the relevant challenges has been validated through a questionnaire. The results show that the challenges counted based on the financial statements are five such as the challenge of the bank's investment situation, the challenge of granted facilities, the challenge of transactions, the challenge of financial leverage, the challenge of liquidity risk,In addition to analyzing and examining them, a comparison has been made under each of the challenges with the performance of Qard-Al-Hasan mehr Iran Bank. Also, based on the obtained results, suitable and operational solutions were calculated for each challenge.

Cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, as an emerging and developing phenomenon, have attracted the attention of Islamic scholars, therefore, researches were conducted on its nature and rules from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence. This article, while discussing the nature of Bitcoin transactions, has investigated the existence of usury, including transactional usury and loan usury, in such exchanges, using analytical-descriptive method and jurisprudential modeling of this cryptocurrency transactions. From the point of view of transactional usury, according to the conditions stated in the validity of this title, including the conditions of exchange and also the validity of the title of sale in the transaction, the ruling of usury in Bitcoin exchanges was investigated and the following results were obtained in summary: From the point of view of some scholars, the nature of Bitcoin is commodity, and from the point of view of others, it is known as credit. In this article, based on both approaches, the possibility of transactional and loan usury was investigated. From the point of view of the authors of the article, according to the view of Bitcoin traders, the nature of Bitcoin is a combination of commodity and credit. As a result, buying and selling it together with excess in exchange for Bitcoin as being the same kind would not be usury due to the absence of measurement and weight conditions. From the point of view of loan usury, since any type of loan with excess is considered usury, there is usury if bitcoin is considered as commodity. From the credit point of view, usury can be visualized due to the fact that Bitcoin conventionally represents the dollar value.

Money creation in the banking system is an important phenomenon, the quality and manner of which creates many effects in the economic system. Therefore, the analysis of many banking issues such as mudarabah depends on the nature and dimensions of money creation. Economists in their analysis of the process of money creation have defined it with two approaches: multiplier and endogenous money creation (money creation from nothing). Proponents of the multiplier approach define money creation as an operation dependent on deposits, and on the other hand, another group does not accept the dependence on deposits in money creation and believe that banks can create credit only by granting loans. . The nature of money created in the banking system and the effects and consequences of banking contracts, especially in mudarabah, along with issues that require research and study; Because the analysis of debt from bank created money has caused the challenge of mudarabah on debt, which is invalid from the point of view of most jurists, and hence banking mudarabah suffers from problems. This article, which is compiled with a descriptive and analytical method, is trying, since debt or commodity nature of money creation has serious effects on usury-free banking, it first adopts the basis of debt or commodity nature of money creation and then examines Permissibility or non-permissibility of debt mudarabah, apply these contents and draw a conclusion. Finally, after the investigations, this research confirms the validity of such a transaction with the money created by the banking system, emphasizing the famous ruling on the inadmissibility of mudarabah on debt.

Mosques not only have political, social and cultural roles, but also have an economic aspect. This research focuses on identifying and prioritizing suitable financial methods for mosques, exploring these priorities through library studies and expert interviews in the field. The study adopts an applied objective and an analytical-descriptive method based on documentation and expert opinions. Methods and criteria were identified based on the theme analysis method,Then, in the next step, the methods and criteria were prioritized with the help of paired comparison questionnaires and based on the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) method, and finally the answers were combined and analyzed by the geometric mean method. The research findings indicate criteria such as increasing public participation, proper interaction with governance, enhancing budget efficiency, alignment with the status and dignity of mosques, and conformity with Imamia jurisprudence. Among these criteria, the highest importance, in order, is given to increasing public participation, alignment with the status and dignity of mosques, enhancing budget efficiency, proper interaction with governance, and conformity with Islamic jurisprudence. Based on this research, among the preferred financial methods for mosques in terms of tools, the most important are grassroots tools, technology-based financial tools, non-profit resource provisioning tools, for-profit resource provisioning tools, and investment-based tools, highlighting the effective role of the community in mosque financing. In terms of revenue-generating activities, mosque income-generating activities, charitable institutions, non-governmental public organizations, military entities, and governmental aids hold the highest importance in financing mosques.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of economic risk components along with economic complexity on the development of sukuk market in Iran during the period of 1389.1-1401.4. The results of the estimation of the model using the WALD test and NARDL test show that the unexpected positive and negative shocks of all research variables have asymmetric effects on the development of the sukuk market. The positive shock of budget balance risk has the greatest effects on the development of the sukuk market in the short and long term. The positive shock of inflation risk in the long and short term has positive effects on the development of the sukuk market. The positive shock of the GDP risk has positive effects on the development of the sukuk market, but its negative shock in the long term is far more than other economic risks. The effects of positive and negative shocks of real economic growth risk on the development of sukuk market are less than other components of economic risk. Also, the short-term and long-term effects of economic complexity on the development of the sukuk market are positive.

The purpose of this study is to know the content characteristics of the articles published in the journal of Islamic financial research in order to explain its effects in the Islamic financial literature of Iran. Other goals of this research include examining the subject trends of the articles, the authors' contribution pattern, their gender and education level, the most productive universities, educational and research organizations and institutions, as well as examining the type and method of research used by researchers. In this descriptive research-content analysis, the content analysis of 193 articles in 23 issues of the Islamic Financial Research Journal was done. The findings of the research show that 317 people were involved in writing the articles, of which 88. 01% were men and 11. 99% were women. Among them, 24. 61% are assistant professors, 11. 67% are associate professors, about 30. 28% are doctoral candidates and the rest are at other scientific levels. Also, 86. 53% of the published articles were the result of group work and 13. 47% were the result of individual work. In examining the organizational affiliation of the authors, Imam Sadiq University is the most active with 26. 18%, and AllamehTabatabai, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities are in the next ranks, and also in terms of subject matter, 24. 87% of the articles published in In the field of Islamic banking, 23. 32% was in the field of Islamic financing tools, and 15. 03% in the field of capital market, and 7. 25% in the field of Islamic financial jurisprudence and the rest in other fields. The results show that the process of publishing articles in the field of Islamic financial research has been improved by the journal and Islamic financial literature has found a new place in the research fields.