International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

Introduction: The present study gives an account of the effects of Triple P, positive parenting program, on parenting styles as well as the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child.Methods: This study is a clinical trial, which sets out to explore the effects of psychiatric disorders on 30 parents – parents of teenagers being admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran – based on the diagnosis of child psychiatrist, teenagers with psychiatric disorders were studied in two groups: trial and control. Positive parenting program i.e. Triple P sessions were held for the trial group while the control group received usual clinical services.Results: Based on the results of the present study, after holding 3P sessions, Baumrind’s parenting styles scores show some improvement in comparison with previous test scores; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.167). The overall score of the child's strengths and difficulties questionnaire, that was completed by the parents, represents a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) between the test scores before and after the intervention.Conclusion: It is important to note that positive parenting interventions can improve and, at the same time, change parenting styles. Moreover, Triple P can change parents' attitudes concerning the strengths and difficulties of the child, not to mention improving their parenting styles. Our results are consistent with those of similar studies on children.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on self criticism and academic achievement in 11th grade female students with GAD.Methods: The present experimental study included pre-test, post-test with the control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female 11th grade students of in the City of Izeh in the academic year of 2015-2016. Screening was conducted and 302 participants completed the Penn State Worry Questionnaires, Then 40 individuals suffering from GAD were identified and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The instruments used in this study was Slef-Criticism Questionnaire and student's average scores were used to measure academic achievement. The experimental group received self-compassion training for ten 90-minutes sessions, one session in a week lasting for two months. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive and inferential tests such as covariance analysis was conducted.Results: Experimental group showed significant decrease in self-criticism after being Trained (P<0.001). It also increased academic achievement in experimental group (P<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results, self-compassion training is an important factor in reducing self-criticism and to improve academic achievement in students suffer from GAD.

Introduction: Sensory Processing Disorder is defined by difficulties in setting up and organizing the variety and intensity of responses to sensory input for compliance with environmental requirements. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of sensory processing disorder in children 5 to 11 years in Tehran city based on sensory profile questionnaire.Methods: This study was a descriptive and cross sectional study that performed on children between the ages of 5 to 11 years old. Data collection included a demographic questionnaire and a sensory profile questionnaire Results: In this study 2191 cases were evaluated in terms of sensory processing factors. According to this study morbidity from sensory processing disorder in boys was higher than for girls. Also, the most common disorder was observed in sensory sensitivity factor and the lowest was fine movement and perception.Conclusion: Different sensory processing function in these children may explain their abnormal behaviors. These sensory processing dysfunction effects on child's daily life in areas such as play, academic skills and peer relationships, self-help activities. Therapists should consider the child's sensory processing functions when they set therapeutic plans.

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are among the most common comorbid illnesses in people with end-stage renal disease. The current study aimed to assess the actual pattern of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the hemodialysis population in Qazvin.Methods: For this purpose, 80 individuals (40 hemodialysis patients and 40 individuals as the control group) have participated in this study. All participants completed Beck Depression Inventory and Cattell Anxiety Inventory. Additionally, clinical status, socio-economic and demographic variables of patients have been collected and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods (independent T-test and chi-square test).Results: In examining the variables of depression in terms of severe and mild depression, there have been 14 hemodialysis patients (35%) versus 34 (85%) individuals from the control group, in terms of moderate depression-severe index there has been 26 (65%) versus 6 (15%). Regarding the anxiety variable in terms of the maximum mild anxiety there has been 23 (57.5%) hemodialysis patients versus 33 (82.5%) individuals from the control group, in terms of moderate-severe anxiety there has been 17 (42.5%) versus 7 (17.5%). Among symptoms, depression had a significant correlation with diabetes, high blood pressure, and duration of dialysis (p<0.05). Regarding anxiety, this significant correlation was only seen with the duration of dialysis.Conclusion: The current study showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients are significant and correlates with clinical variables, so for improving this clinical concern, effective interventions for mental health should be taken into consideration and the impact of these interventions should be investigated.

Introduction: Individuals may use suppression to control their intrusive thoughts. Some studies show that thought suppression decreases the intrusive thoughts, but other studies report that thought suppression leads to a significant increase of intrusive thoughts. Additionally, the effects of alternative strategies such as acceptance have not been extensively studied yet. Noteworthy, cross-cultural studies have shown that strategies such as suppression and acceptance are different between eastern and western cultures. Hence, this research aimed at investigating the influences of thought suppression and acceptance on intrusive thoughts in Iranian culture.Methods: 66 participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (thought suppression, acceptance, and control group). Participants answered to questionnaires, including White Bear suppression inventory, the Beck depression inventory-II, general health questionnaire, the second version of acceptance and action questionnaire. They were then asked to record the frequency of their thoughts by placing a check mark on a sheet of paper every time they experienced these intrusions. Data were analysed using ANOVA.Results: Results indicated that there is a significant difference among groups (F2, 62=3.63, p0.03), and the significant difference was between the acceptance group and thought suppression (p0.02). Acceptance group experienced significantly higher levels of thought suppression Conclusion: Suppression in short-term is a useful strategy because it does not lead to intrusive thoughts. Not only does suppression work temporarily, but also it serves as a neutralizational strategy. As a matter of fact, suppression terminates exposure to the intrusive thoughts and prevents the perceived negative consequences of the intrusive thoughts.

Introduction: The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) has not been tested for the psychometric properties in Belarusian population. In this regard conducting psychometric assessment of the HAM-D used in Belarusian population has special importance. The aim of this study was to investigate and improve the psychometric properties of the HAM-D applying in Belarusian population through Rasch analysis.Methods: Data from 551 Belarusian patients with confirmed diagnosis of depression were used in this study. The Partial Credit Model was used in the psychometric analysis.Results: The analysis of item-person map showed disagreement between distributions of person measures and item categories. Only 8 items had appropriate values of Rasch fit-indexes. I have improved the psychometric properties of the HAM-D. Five items with bad values of fit-indexes were recombined into two new items. New items were added to the remaining 8 items with acceptable fit-indexes values and then Rasch analysis was repeated. All items showed adequate construct validity. The person separation index (PSI) for original HAM-D was 2.32. The person reliability was 0.84. Reliability analysis of the final model included 10 items showed higher estimates: the PSI was 3.61, the number of strata rose to 5.14, the person reliability was 0.93.Conclusion: This study revealed that the HAM-D applied in Belarusian population has several psychometric problems. After removing invalid items and changing score rules of bipolar items psychometric properties of the scale were improved.