INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Year:2018 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Type II Diabetes is the most common metabolic diseases in developed and developing countries with no effective treatment options. This study purpose was to compare different regimens of oral anti-diabetic therapy effects on the type II diabetic patients while fasting during Ramadan.Methods: In the double-blind clinical trial 90 patients with Type II Diabetes were divided randomly into three groups: 30 patients continued the previous dose of sulfonylurea (Group 1), 30 participants received a dose which was 25% lower than the previous sulfonylurea dose (group 2), and in the last 30 patients, repaglinide was replaced sulfonylurea (Group 3). Glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fructosamine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides levels were measured in all participants before and after Ramadan. The weight and BMI were also controlled.Results: In all intervention groups a significant decreasing was seen in the body weight, BMI, fructose amine, total cholesterol, and LDL; and also, a significant increasing was seen in HDL. The hypoglycemia incidence was significantly lower in Group 3 than Group 1. The results in fructosamine reduction and HDL cholesterol increasing were significantly better in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (P<0.05). Significant changes were not seen in total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, FBS, and HbA1C levels among the three treatment groups during Ramadan.Conclusion: The repaglinide consumption in comparing with sulfonylurea in patients with diabetes during Ramadan can cause fewer hypoglycemia, and better glycemic, and lipid control.

Introduction: One of the most important infectious diseases, especially in subtropical and tropical regions in developing countries is Malaria. Due to the importance of the infectious disease in these areas, the aim of current study is to evaluate epidemiology of malaria through microscopic evaluation in Ramhormoz County, southwest of Iran, during 2001-2016.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the blood specimens were collected from all suspicious malaria individuals referred to the Ramhormoz Healthcare Network. For the preparation of peripheral blood smears, one drop of sample was carefully placed on a microscopic slide and the slide was also stained by the Giemsa staining. In order to the detection of the parasite, the peripheral blood smears were evaluated via optical microscope.Results: In this study, of 2769, 40 (1.44%) individuals were infected to Plasmodium vivax. The highest frequent of malaria was observed in 2001, 2002 with 13 (8.49%) and 11 (6.79%) cases, respectively as well as the lowest prevalence was seen in 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015 with nil case. From a total of 40 malaria confirmed cases during the years, 34 (85%) and 6 (15%) were male and female, respectively. Also, of 40, 34 (85%) and 6 (15%) cases were lived in the rural and urban areas, respectively.Conclusion: These findings showed a significant decrease in malaria incidence in Ramhormoz County, southwest of Iran during 2001-2016. Based on the climatic status of the County, the risk of malaria epidemics must be considered constantly and the control programs should be continued until the elimination of disease.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is commonly a cause of nosocomial infections. The increase in infection rates caused by this bacterium in developing countries has led to many problems. The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 256 isolates of S. aureus were collected from Tabriz hospitals and treatment centers. The isolates were identified by standard laboratory methods and cultured in a specific environment. Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was made through phenotypic method. In order to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns of strains, a disk diffusion method based on CLSI protocol was also performed. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test and SPSS. P value of<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Out of 256 examined samples, 197 (76.95%) of them were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The phenotypic evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of methicillin-resistant S. aureus showed that the highest resistance was for 100% penicillin antibiotics, 94.22% co-amoxiclav and 81.22% gentamicin antibiotics and the lowest resistance was observed as chloramphenicol (16.75%). There was no significant relationship between age, sex, and MRSA infections (P>0.05).Conclusion: High resistance S. aureus to penicillin, co-amoxiclav, gentamicin and also the high frequency of isolation of MRSA of hospital studied samples are remarkable. The present study demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility in S. aureus in order to determine the optimal drug regimens.

Introduction: The quality of patient’s life with heart failure is affected by various physiological, psychosocial factors. This study is conducted to determine the correlation between type D personality and quality of life in heart failure patients.Methods: A descriptive correlational research design is planned here. Hundred heart failure patients were selected as sample through convenience sampling from two Social Security Hospitals in Karaj during early February 2012 to late December 2013. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and type-D personality questionnaire were completed in face-to-face interviews. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 18.Results: Significant correlation were found between type D personality and socioeconomic (r=0.239, P=0.017), mental (r=0.408, P<0.001) and total quality of life (r=0.266, P=0.008).Conclusion: Type D personality in patients with heart failure is associated with poor quality of life. Screening type D personality in heart failure patients and using appropriate interventions can lead to improve the quality of life.

Introduction: Since the nurse is the most important member of the medical staff, their cognitive and psychological ability to improve the quality of patient care is essential, so, this study was conducted to determine the effect of integrated educational model on cognitive and psychological competence of nursing students.Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, the designed educational model is a combination of three methods of group discussion, problem solving, and the use of conceptual maps. In this process, the sampling was done at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kermanshah in the first half of 2017-2018, and 60 nursing students entered the study. The students' information about nursing care was in burn patients and data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 22.Results: In this study, the mean age of students was 20.54±14.16 years and most of them (55%) were female students. Pretest and posttest scores in cognitive areas were significantly different (Based on frequency and frequency percent). The other results showed that the level of knowledge and cognitive ability of students after intervention was improved (p£0.05).Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the effect of integrated training on knowledge and skills of nursing students in burn ward, it is suggested this method can be used in these sections as well as conducting other researches on this approach in various nursing settings.

Introduction: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that, if not detected and treated promptly, causes mental retardation. The use of the geographic information system (GIS) in favor of spreading the disease helps to control the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the local pattern of the PKU disease using the GIS in Lorestan province from 2006 to 2016.Methods: The current descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients diagnosed with PKU in Lorestan province from 2006 to 2016. The statistical population included all cases identified between April 2006 and March 2016. The ArcGIS 9.3 software was used to provide geographic maps of the incidence and frequency of the disease.Results: The results showed that Nourabad County had the highest number of larvae with 22 (72.29%), and the most cases with PKU disease were with 2 cases (99.2%). According to GIS maps, the incidence of PKU from 2006 to 2016 was on an ascending tide. The highest incidence in these years was related to Nurabad with an average of 5.7 per 10, 000 live births and the lowest incidence related to Boroujerd county with more than 0.53 per 10, 000 live births.Conclusion: According to the GIS map, Nourabad County has the highest incidence of PKU. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the majority of prevention programs for paternity screening and counseling couples, especially family marriages in the city, in order to reduce the incidence of this disease.

Introduction: Tariff determination is one of the important tools for policy making which governments use to intervene in the health market. The aim of this study was to compare California Book effect and relative value of services on the costs of hospitalization for common surgeries in selected hospitals of Sanandaj, Iran before and after the implementation of National Healthcare Reform Program (NHRP).Methods: This semi-experimental study using before and after method was conducted on medical records of patients underwent surgeries in Tohid and Besat hospitals, Sanandaj, Iran that insured by Iran Health Insurance Organization in 2015. Data were collected from medical records of patients who underwent surgeries including; cataract, tonsillectomy-adenoidectomy, pilonidal sinus, cholecystectomy, delivery, cesarean section, curettage, abortion, appendectomy and anterior-posterior colporraphy. The data included the total cost, organization share, and patient share, the share of subsidies, out-of commitment and final payment.Results: After the implementation of National Healthcare Reform Program the average cost of common surgical procedures showed 80.8% growth. The highest average growth rate of organization share was for abortion with 125.1% growth and the lowest average growth rate of organization share was for anterior-posterior colporraphy with 46.3% growth. In terms of the share of subsidies anterior-posterior colporraphy with 299.8% had the highest and delivery with a negative growth of 7.6% had the lowest share of the subsidies.Conclusion: After the implementation of National Healthcare Reform Program the cost of surgery has doubled and additional burden has been inflicted on the health insurance organization to contribute the organization's share. Therefore, the organization's commitment to public and private health service providers was delayed.

Introduction: Private clinics are one of the most important providers of health services that play a special role in the physical and mental health of patients and also in improving the health level of the community, the aim of this study was to determine the health and treatment indicators of private clinics in Bandar Abbas city based on national standards in 2017.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the study population was 80 specialized physicians, surgeons, and dentists’ clinics in Bandar Abbas. Data was collected by using a standard checklist including health and treatment indicators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods (Frequencies, Means, and Standard Deviation) in SPSS 16 software.Results: In terms of treatment indicators, radiology and ultrasonography clinics received the highest score (61.5 out of 69) and the lowest score was for specialized Pulmonology clinics (55). In terms of health indicators, the highest scores were for specialized gynecology clinics (27.9 out of 33), Pulmonology (27) and psychiatric (27), while the lowest score was for ultrasonography and radiology (23.6), Internist and dermatology (24).Conclusion: According to the results, training on health standards provided by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education will help to increase the level of health and treatment services in clinics in Bandar Abbas.

Introduction: Increasing air pollution is one of the problems of living in large cities. Motor vehicles are the main source of emissions of these pollutants. Petroleum derivatives, especially gasoline, are the most important fuel for internal combustion engines. The fuel consumption of these engines causes excess emissions of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the use of an alternative fuel seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate performance characteristics of single-cylinder spark-ignition engine and its pollutant emissions by using methanol and ethanol fuel blended with gasoline.Methods: In this study, Honda single-cylinder four-stroke engine was used. Gasoline was prepared from the locations of the National Oil Distribution Company and separately mixed with methanol and ethanol in different proportions. The tests were performed at 2 engine speeds including 2000 and 4000 rpm. Obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS.Results: The results showed that the combination of methanol fuel with gasoline in variable proportions produced less pollutant at low engine speed compared to that of ethanol fuel. Similarly, this result was also observed at high engine speed. Therefore, methanol fuel is more suitable as an alternative to fossil fuels such as gasoline in terms of emission of pollutants. Regarding the average amount of total emissions resulted from consumption of alternative fuels combined with gasoline, it can be said that the amount of pollutant production decreases with increasing methanol and ethanol content.Conclusion: The use of methanol and ethanol as an alternative fuel to gasoline in automobiles reduces pollutant emissions Therefore, the problem of pollutants produced by gasoline engines can be significantly reduced through replacing gasoline by ethanol and methanol, and this replacement can result in improvement of health and satisfaction of the people.

Introduction: Folic acid, also known as folate, is one of the water-soluble B vitamins which its derivatives are involved in many metabolic reactions as cofactor, that are mostly contributed in cell growth. Regarding the role of derived cofactors from this vitamin in reactions such as methylation, production of thymidine and purines; seems that there is a relationship between this vitamin and cancer.Methods: We searched Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science (2000-2017) using term folic acid, carcinogenesis, diagnose and treatment. Our focused was on the articles published within the past 5 years and type of study in culture media, animal models and clinical trials were in our favor.Results: Candidate mechanisms in carcinogenesis for folic acid include 1: changes in DNA and RNA methylation 2: Damage to the integrity and stability of DNA 3: disruption in repair system of DNA.Conclusion: Folic acid in carcinogenesis acts as a double-edged sword. The activity type of folic acid depends on the physiological conditions, dosage of the vitamin, age, individual genotypes, target tissues and stage of the disease in patients. High growth rate of cancer cells leads to increase in cell requests of the vitamin, and on the other hand the cells enhance the number of receptors improving the vitamin absorption. Therefore, increasing number of cell surface receptors, it can be applied for non-invasive diagnosis and target therapy.