Medicine and Spiritual Cultivation
Year:2008 | Volume:- | Issue:68-69|Papers Count:18

Introduction: According to WHO experts, shortage of studies on alternative medicine has brought up lack of information and underdevelopment of research methods and has slowed down the development of regulations and its being law-abiding. Although many possibly effective traditional medications are increasingly used most of them have not been examined and their applications have not been evaluated , and as a result the information related to their side effects is limited, and recognition of safest and the most effective treatments in a reasonable path has faced difficulties.Goals and method: In order to reach the research setting of the time of splendor of Islamic civilization during the blessed lifetime of Razi, Avecinna , Jorjani, Ahwazi, …, after computerization of and encoding their written works such as Alhavi, Qanoon , Zakhira, Hadaya, … we proceeded to the present study, which is a descipitve– librarial–electronic study, using the capability of rapid and exact search of computer files.Results: The written medical works of the ancestors is full of research messages and ideas, and the most important findings of this study is as follows: preference of research through experiment using deduction, advice on avoiding subjectivity, emphasis on trusteeship and honesty in the final report, preference of the necessity of selecting healthy samples as examinees, emphasis on the necessity of revision of hypotheses and repetition of the researches and experiments at times when the previous hypotheses are not proved, use of consensus in the medication of ancestors instead of today’s meta analysis. Discussion and Conclusion: Medication of the ancestors has not only been community- and health-based, but also has been research-centered, and has constantly preferred experiment to deduction; in addition, pioneers of this field who themselves had been dedicated to research and investigation, have emphasized the necessity of examination before prescribing many of drugs, but returning of word societies to different methods of alternative medicine including medical aspects of it is not in accordance with substantial and applied amount of researches in this respect and has worried WHO expert On the other side, regarding the ancestors' medication being research-centered and support of high rankling authorities and the timely anticipation of affiliated ministry, the permit to organize the classes of alternative medicine has been issued after several years of recess. It is suitable from now on, with a new viewpoint and using modern research tools, to consider the whole written heritage of the ancestors' medication as fruitful research hypotheses and titles, and to put under examination what Razi, Avecinna, Jorjani and other pioneers wished to examine it, and with trust in God, go firmly through this field based on research and using modern and attractive methods so that it is considered a compensation for losses resulted from distraction from this path during the past decades and a reasoned start to its revival. In addition, in this way we will both answer the call of software movement and willmake practical the splendid call for creativity and efflorescence and health approaches of 20- year prospective of the country.

Introduction: Sayyed Esmaeele Jorjani is the one of the greatest traditional physician (Hakim) in history of medicine of Iran who has written an medical encyclopaedia which is one of the best references of Iranian traditional medicine, but t is unknown for modern physician,the aim of this article is comparsion of anatomy of muscles and cartilages of human larynge form Jorjani’s point of view with modern medical aspects.Materials and methods: this study was done in the retrospective manner by comparison of the laryngeal part of Gorgani’s book (named Dhakhireh Kharazmshahi ) with modern medical books.Results: the finding of this study shows that Jorjani described anatomy and function of human larynge finely such as: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids and epiglot cartilages, and also mylohyoid, genihyoid, post and lat. cricoartenoid muscles, extrinsic and intrinsic division of the muscles.Discussions: comparison of result of this study shows with great surprise that the all anatomical and functional points that Jorjani has written in his book about muscles and cartilages of the human larynge is supported by modern medical books.

Background: one of the greates Iranian Traditional physician(Hakim) is Sayyed Esmaeele Jorjani who his medical encyclopaedia ( named dhakhirhe Kharazmshahi )has had deep influence in Iranian traditional medicine, goal of this study is comparison of anatomy and patholoigy of part of inguinal hernia from Jorjani’s book comparatively with same section of new medical references.Materials and methods: in a retrospective study we made comparison of anatomy and pathology of inguinal hernies from Jorjani’s points of view with the new medical references comparatively.Results: in this study we find that Jorgjni’s describtion from anatomy and pathology of lower abdominal hernies is essentially and he knows inguinal canal and walls of inguinal calan, deep inguinal ring, peritoneum, process vaginalis, effective factors of inguinal hernies, complete and incomplete inguinal hrnia, hydroce, congenital and acquired hernial.Discussions: comparison of findings from Jorjani’s points of view with the new medical references about lower abdominal hernies shows that Jorjani’s description about inguinal canal and walls of it, relation of peritoneum with inguinal hernia, Factors which effects on produce of inguinal hernia, complete and incomplete inguinal hernies, variations of scrotal hernia, is supported by new medical references totally.

Old age is a biological phenomena, not a disease. Infact it is a natural and physiologic procedure. In many countries, the medical services are classified: pediatrics, internal medicine and geriatrics. In this way, a large number of books are written and qualified specialists in variety of different fields are trained in universities of medical science.Professor Edward Brown (author of History of Islamic Medicine), believed that the research in Islamic medicine is the base of modern knowledge and furthermore, this is the medical initiative on which new scientists put more and more attention to it. Jalinous, Avesina and Jorjani are pioneers that in the first step belong to medical community and then to their home land.During the old period, the incidence of many diseases is high and most of diseases increase the susceptibility to variety of different infections, so the elderly health has always been important in medicine. Avesina, one of the Islamic medical scientists, in Law book, planned complete program in elderly.

Background: Investigation of influence factors in menopausal age could be helpful for better health service of women. In the present study we investigated the influence of syadat factor on menopausal age.Methods: During this descriptive- analytic study, 280 women at menopausal age were investigated at two equal groups. One of them was case group and another was control group. The study population included the 36-60 aged women with history of normal menstrual periods and at least one year amenorrhea. The excluded factors were the history of systemic disorders before menopause such as hypertension, kidney failure, diabet mellitus, smoking, (athlete’s women) professional sport and hysterectomy o ooforectomy. Two groups were matched for gravidity, breast feeding duration, use of OCP and their mother’s menopausal age. Data were collected by questioners and then was used for descriptive statistics and analyzed by t-test and X2.Results: The mean menopausal age among the all 280 women at study was 50.8 years old. 22% of them were under 40 years old, 44% between 45-50 and 33% older than 50. The mean menopausal age among the 140 women in control group was 49.9± 3.62 and it was 51.7± 4.7 in sadat (Those from prophet Mohammad family) that is 1.8 years more than general population. T-TEST, and X2 (P =0) showed that this difference is important. There was no significant relation between menopausal age and education, weight, use of oral contraception pill, parity and years of breastfeeding, mothers and sisters menopausal age were significant independent predictors of the timing of natural menopause.Conclusion: Study showed that sadat experience menopause in older age than others. This study also showed that the menopausal age inherited from father as such as mother.

Introduction: Medical ethics is viewed as the respect for principles of general and professional morality by medical and public health professionals. Ethics in research, is respecting public morals in all phases of research study.Objectives and method: In order to investigate the extent of our ancestry’s medical professions regards for sanctity and virtue of medical and research ethics in traditional medicine, electronic formatted sources such as: Alhavi by Razi, Canon of medicine by Avicenna, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi, Aghraze Tebi, Khofie Alaei by Jorjani and other books of Razi and Iranian And Islamic Medical Histories and even Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, Masnavi Maanavi, Parvin’s Divane, Saadi, Hafez and Nezami’s Pang Ganj were reviewed by applying keywords and capability of fast and accurate electronic search.Results: In all referred authentic references of ancestry’s medicine, not even a single book, paper or even a chapter or some pages with the subject matter of medical and research ethics were found in electronic search. Therefore, it was realized our heritage in such subject matters could be just in published references of public morality rather than medical or research ethics references. Lack of information in regard to medical and research ethics, reveals an ethical approach and refinement of thoughts along with constant teachings of morality of our predecessors. Respect for medical and research ethics are reflected in their style of godly depictions and feeling the presence of the God almighty in all of our ancestor’s writings and researches. Further investigation revealed that traditional medical students were required to study detailed subject matters such as ethics, metaphysics, theology and philosophy prior to start specialized courses in medicine. It was reported that this curriculum was meant to conduce behavioral change and the result of this teachings is apparent in theistic approach in their literatures.Conclusion: Although there is not any specified book under the title of medical ethics or ethics in research in our traditional medical literatures, the content of their medical literatures are full of evidences of strong belief in God almighty and mono-theistic approach. Witnessing presence of the God almighty by medical scholars in all aspects of daily life is evident. Therefore, medical practice had gained special purity and sanctity and this profession was renowned to have the highest standard of public morality as true believers. Belief in creator of heaven and earth and practicing medicine with seeking help and acting as agent of the God almighty, were recognized as inevitable principle and this code of practice had been and is considered in true followers up to now. Considering this school of thought, our ancestor’s medical practitioner fully respected medical and research ethics.

Introduction: Though today’s medical practice has evolved gradually from ancestry’s medicine, and most of its undoubted facts has been established by examination of ancient postulations and by taking advantage of today’s technology. resulting current medical knowledge are now in service of sustaining and promoting of health of general public and restores ill health of the people. However, ancestor’s medicine with its pure essence and sociocentrism approach is still having interesting messages and postulations for prevention and care of curable and incurable diseases. Now a day, in era of revival of traditional medicine as alternative medicine in our medical universities, we have to provide a sound base for its growth and development by considering monotheistic believes of honorable scholars such as Razi, Ibnesina, Georgani and others. One of the bases of promoting traditional medicine is by examining ancestor’s postulations of our traditional medicine and obtaining new revealing facts for upgrading current medical practice.Objectives and Method: In this survey, in order to obtain immediate access to application and terminology of the word “cancer” in our traditional medicine, medical literatures such as: Alhavi, Abnieh, Hedayat, Avicenna Canon of Medicine, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi, Aghraz Tebbie and some other literatures, were organized in electronic database formats and then “word” cancer was searched systemically.Results and Discussion: In the present study, it was established that; this word “cancer” in all ancestor’s medical literatures were referred to three meanings: cancer disease, month of Cancer and crustacean organism named cancri. In some sources carcinogenicity property of some edible foods and in others anti-carcinogenicity was referred. Regarding incurable nature of some cancers in modern medicine, it is essential that by the use of current medical knowledge and tools, its accuracy and falsity to be examined without any prejudgment. In traditional medical literatures, accumulation of waste materials and lack of its elimination or imbalance of substances in the body, were emphasized as one of the causes of cancer. It is needless to say that accumulation of materials and lack of elimination and disruption of chemical balance is also reported in modern medicine as the main cause of cancer. On the basis of these facts, there are guidelines for moving and elimination of these collected waste materials in ancestor’s medicine. Noted guidelines are worthy of thinking and examining in modern medicine.There are some remarks about the likelihood of conversion of chronic diseases and injuries to cancer, and there are also some guidelines to prevent this kind of cancers. Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic interference of cancer is emphasized as major principle to prevent trend of advancing of this disease. These guidelines are believed as general principle and should be adopted in modern medicine. Also there is strong emphasize in curability of some cancers and incurability of some other cancers and especially in case of curable cancers, early diagnosis and timely therapy were frequently mentioned. In addition, surgical operation and complete eradication by extracting some parts of healthy tissues and viable cells around cancerous tissues were emphasized. Differential clinical diagnosis of cancers and similar diseases were also mentioned. They did not mention any limitation of cancer diseases to especial organs and it was mentioned that cancer can involve all organs including skin, eye, nose, tongue, gastro intestinal tract and uterus. The incidence rate of cancer was known to be related to gender of the people. Cancer diseases quoted by traditional medicine can be examined as worthy subjective postulations for further scientific investigations in modern medicine.

Objective: post partum Hemorrhage is one of causes maternal morbidity and mortality. The research W.h.o showed that 80 percent of world people as medical to herbal medicine is depending and the women most using from herbal. Although those effect on post partum hemorrhage is no clear. Therefore, the general objective was, the effect cumin oil on postpartum hemorrhage.Material and methods: This research was a double-blind randomized clinical trial study, with aim the effect cumin oil on post partum hemorrhage was done at Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar . Involving 124 women (placebo 58, drug 66) was being cesarean carried to evaluate and sampling method was on aim. The method was eating drug and placebo after finished npo three doses 40 drop per 20 minutes. The pad and Shan measure before and after three hours after the first dose. The method statistical was T- student, chi-squire, and logistic regression.Results: According to the result, the high uterus, before and 12 hours after intervention wasn’t significant (p=0/15). Thus, the hemoglobin, hemotocrit before and after intervention wasn’t significant (p=0/45). Furthermore, hemorrhage volume wasn’t significant in two groups. (p=0/75) Conclusion: Results showed cumin oil and placebo have same effect on postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, the suggested, cumin oil in menses disorder and postpartum hemorrhage after normal deliveries with long duration investigate.

These are many imprtant aspects looks very interesting in the book of Al-Qanoon Fi-Tibb, (the most important work of Avicena) including pharmacological and pharmaceutical points. These aspects are mentioned in three parts of the book. The first part is the 2nd volume of the Al-Qanoon, which is named as single medicines (Adwia Mufrada). The 2nd part is mentioned in the 5th volume of the book named as Iqrabadeen and finally the last part is distributed between other volumes.The 2nd volume of Al-Qanoon in addition to a complete description for single medicine, explains the medical nature of these compounds, and categorized then based on their tastes. This volume also describes the simple effect and characteristic of each medicine (under 47 therapeutic classes). There is also some explanation regarding the pharmacodynamic for specific effects on the human body organs, It also shows the scientific methods for obtaining of medicines from natural sources (e.g. animals, plants …). The 2nd volume of Al-Qanoon also introduces more then 800 monographs for medicinal products (originally from plants, animals and minerals). Some of then and still native of our country but many of them remained unknown even for scientists.These monographs firstly introduce the organoleptic properties of each compound (medicine) then describe it nature (Mizaaj). The therapeutic effects and the way that the medicine could cure the diseases are finally discussed. The 5th volume of the book firstly explains the nessecity of using combinative medicinal formulations (dosage forms). The types of dosage forms and the manufacturing processes are then being discussed. This is also some brief expiation for the dosing and also dose intervals necessary for each of the mentioned medicines (Avicena are one of pioneers of dosing in medicinal treatment).Quite interestingly, some of the manufacturing processes indicated in the book are quite similar to what is done in the presented times, indicating that Avicena had a great knowledge of pharmacy.In general, the pharmaceutical aspects in the Al-Qanoon are quite admiring and this shows that Avicena was a completely familiar with most of the sciences of his age.