Journal of National Studies
Year:2009 | Volume:10 | Issue:4 (40)|Papers Count:12

Constitution in every country is as consequence of national identity, will & request of its people which illustrates position & relation of people to each other & too political system and ideals of the country. NONETHELESS within the Constitution of some countries, there are a segregative & herarchical lookout to people and also a kind of ethnical dependency. so that constitution will be analyzed to answer following two discovery questions: 1- What nareprinciple igredients of Iran national identity within constitution? the essence of these are natural or prossess 2- Does constitution observes to all pillars unisously or exclusively For answering to research questions, at the first three main & domain framework in definition and igredients of national identity & determining the indicators of such a these identity in eachhas been considered. Finally with analyzing the constitution on the base of the indicators we resulted to that principals of Islamic republic of Iran constitution refuses nationalism ethnical-racial indicators such as elitism & emphasise to distinguished unit natural identity, racial excellence, ethnical parties, politics of equal maker identities, past hntrested, limitted duty to ethnical state. The constitution has indicators like dynamic indexes, citizens basic rights, cultural management(segregation trend to minority), future-oriented identity & preversive duty in frame of constructive relation of nation- Islamic community(Ummah).

Considering to importance of ethnic policy designing at national immense decision making, according to lack of possibility to preparing same pattern for race mangement at different countries, considering to difference in historical, geographical & political situation in different countries & achiving the same ethnic management pattern for countries by politicians & theorists leads to harmful results for countries and people. So clearing an appropriate ordered framwwork which can determine ethnic policy designing way with different characteristics is necessary. According to this necessity, the written is to respond to this question that political geography factors & approaches how help to designing the optimum & domestic integration policies. While retain emphysise to tanitorial integrity, symbiosis root & human munificence. The witten methodology is analysis-explanatory (discriptory) & data collection is through libray. Results of this survey show that countries which have different historical, geographical & political geography situation can adopt a same ethnic policy pattern. They should adopt a political approach & integration instrument proportionata to these factors. Lgnoring this reality will impose irreparable dariages to this country.

People receive national identity by socialization and make it a part of their personality and utilize it in appropriate circumstances. Therefore the existence of national identity is obtained by education. Since the social system of education is considered as a unique Sub-System which has the effective power on recognition, affection and social behavior of the students, this important factor mainly takes place in social atmosphere known as school with the help of the process of becoming sociable. undoubtedly, national identity is completed in the process of sociability by social relation inside and outsideth groups. Thus, schools are social atmospheres in which a varity of relationships occur and affect the process of national identity completion.The theoretical framework of this research is a combination of thought from experts who have made the theories in the felid of social relationship in small education system, such as Habermas, Parsons, Coleman, Homans and Blau. The thought of Jenkins is considered in identity subjects. Because Jenkins regards the completion of national identity by social relationships during socializing process of inside and outside the groups.The method of research is survey and the means of collecting data is the questionnaire made by researcher which has been exploited from theoretical grounds. After investing of reliability and validity, the collection of data and essential expressions regarding questionnaire were made. Statistical group of third year high school and pre- university students of four areas in Shiraz city has been 470 sample people the selection of samples have been done by presumptive sampling and cluster method randomly.The results show that the national identitys of students are comparatively strong at the high level, Moreover, the students are at a high level in the field of national identity recognition, but they have achieved the least success in the field of behavior. Regarding national identity and its dimensions, social exchanging, affectional (intimate) and discourse relationships, they have positive effect respectively. However, power relationships have negative effects. Finally, as the amount of intimate (affection), exchanging and discourse relationship between personal at school and students at school increases, the national identity and its dimension will be strengthened.

Identity is a profound and comprehensive issue in the Islamic texts and resources including Nahjolballaghe. Tribal identity, as a reality and "Politics as it is", is perused and analyzed in this valuable text systematically. Identity and tribal considerations, rivals and oppositions are considered quite momentous in the Imam's (A) outlooks and decisions; because politics has an interactive nature and an adversary is on the opposite side of it. In this article, We have tried to analyze tribal identity as a rival religious identity using context analysis of the Imam's (A) writings and sayings in Nahjolbalaghe. With the emergence of Islam and inception of Prophecy, tribal identity, in the Arabian Peninsula structure, affected by religious identity, was changed to a marginal identity, and having contained it, one of the structural impediments of the Prophet's nation- state building was Removed and the Prophet's central govt. was established. However, after the demise of the Prophet, tribal identity strengthened, reproduces, and entered from margin into the text (centre) of society once again. Consequently, frequent identities of various tribes with different attachment and tendencies were formed, and these events resulted in the death of the Othman, and played an important role in the actualization process of incidents of the five year periods of Imam Ali (A) Caliphate and the tree internal war, which took place subsequently. Intensification of these tendencies made it difficult for Imam Ali (A) to administer the government and finally this culminated in the formation of the Omaviyate state. In this paper, tribal actuality is described and tribal actualization has been analysed.

Panislamists, because of it’s role in division and dispute among muslims and dividing of Islamic territories are cynical to "Nationalism". Nationalists also suppose, because wrong understanding of concepts, "Islamic Unity", it is equal to neglecting loyalties and national interests and religion of Moslem nations for organizing Islamic unique nation. In this research, by reviewing the political life of prophet(s) and Imam Ali (a) and historical experience in European nations to organizing Unique Europe and conceptual perception in two concepts of nationalism and panislamism and pay attention to collective identity and integration in internalional relations theories, we decide to exame the possibility of unionizing nationalism and transnalionalism (panislamism).

This article examines the descriptive and explanatory ability of framing theory in the study of ethnic dynamisms. This theoretical perspective emphasizes on the role of culture and meaning in the study of collective behaviors and dynamisms of actors for constructing and expanding new meanings which are different from dominant discourse. The central aim of interpretative framing is mobilization and stimulating of proponents and demobilization of opponents.Concerning ethnic dynamism, the framing process constructs ethnic perceptions and demands through drawing distinct boundaries between insiders and outsiders, highlighting the historical responsibility and politicization of ethnicity and cultural elements in order to mobilize advocates and activists of ethnic dynamisms.The application of this theory in the analysis of ethnic dynamisms is criticized for some reasons. First critique refers to its descriptive and lack of explanatory and analytical nature. Furthermore the framing process neglects the authenticity of cultural elements and politicizes them. By so doing, this theory takes the form of political project and instrument for politicization of ethnicity and mobilization of ethnic groups some critics argue that this perspective uses the notions of some other theories such as resource mobilization, rational choice and political opportunity structure theories, thus the framing theory represents as a non-innovative theory. Additionally this perspective weakens the social integration and solidarity by politicization of differences and margialization of similarities among various groups of the society.

One of the deficiencies and challenges of new era is establishment and strenghening of social capital.Specialists in recent years have confessed that tolerance is a part of social capital. Toleraoce is a part of Iranian identification and it has been mentioned in Persian Literature regularly.This research has been done with the aim of consideration of concept of tolerance and its role in social capital, and also determination of tolerance elements from western thinkers’s point of view and sadie’s instructions. This research is study of contents analysis. The way of gathering of data is a Librarian way. In this study, Subjects of tolerance was considered from view of thinkers and sadie’s prose and poerty works. Then, consideration of first stage findings of tolerance indexes, and its frequency was worked out in sadie’s poetry.The findings of the research showed that tolerance is one of inseperable parts of social capital. The indexes of tolerance are factors such as: caring to different views, avoiding stigmatizing, respect to individual differences, trying to discovery of common backgrounds, not having hatred toward members of different groups, not insulting others, giving good feelings to other people, having some conflict with others, trying to have effective communications with other people, attention to benefits of others, and not having separative feelings with others.