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مرکز اطلاعات علمی SID1
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    15-18
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    375
  • Downloads: 

    100
Abstract: 

Introduction: After industrial revolution, driving vehicles became a necessity in fulfilling human needs in different aspects of life. This is a positive phenomenon but is not without negative side effects, such as, for example, accidents, air pollution, traffic jam etc. In many countries, road construction and maintenance is far behind innovations of new vehicles. In many places the road quality or size is not able to bare the traffic load, hence the reason for significant rise in accidents and human life loss in the second half of the twentieth century in developed and developing countries. That is, 1.2 million deaths worldwide are caused by vehicle accidents. Accidents are the first cause of injuries and second cause of death in the population of Iran at ages bellow 40. In vehicle accidents, three factors are involved: human, vehicle and road quality. The human factor is more apparent since it governs the other two. Since the human factor is influenced by social, economic, cultural, political and other environmental aspects, its behavior in driving varies with respect to space and time. Consequently the question addressed in this paper is as follow: is there a correlation between where does the driver live and how his driving behavior is? And how is the driver’s spatial distribution manner when it comes to improper driving behavior on the intra-city routs? The megacity of Isfahan as a touristic city is of concern in this respect. Thus the broader questions are: which are the factors involved in affecting the driving behavior of drivers in Isfahan? What are the patterns which influence driving behaviors and what are the effective factors involved in developing these behaviors? For this purpose, the drivers’ behavior of different sections of the city are evaluated based on different variables and the local roads. Finally, the worst exposed driving behaviors of domestic drivers on domestic roads are identified.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    23-25
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    287
  • Downloads: 

    165
Abstract: 

Introduction: Accidents and traffic security have become serious issues in our country, to the extent that most of the people and authorities are severely concerned about them. On the other hand, research shows that human factor has the most important role in the occurrence of accidents. According to the records, only %1 of all accidents in Iran are resulted from "vehicle malfunction" and “immunodeficiency of the roads”; while other events, directly or indirectly, are caused by human wrong operations. Analysis of various factors shows that the human factor is not an element, but is characterized by three axes: (1) drivers and pedestrians, (2) planning and legislation and (3) control factors. In this paper, approaches to develop transportation and traffic security through teaching traffic behaviors to road users are investigated in the framework of three scenarios. Also, the solutions for improving safety, traffic and transportation through culture and education have been investigated. Moreover, the behavior of road users has been studied in the form of these traffic scenarios.

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Author(s): 

AGHAEE ASGHAR | AGHAEE MILAD

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    31-33
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    376
  • Downloads: 

    222
Abstract: 

Introduction: People always seek ways for improving and using optimally the current facilities which are available. KAIZEN is a Japanese expression which means improvement. In fact, KAIZEN is a continuous improvement which encompasses all people, managers and employees alike, and its philosophy is based on continuous improvement in lifestyle of human beings. Like an umbrella, KAIZEN encompasses all principles for moving to promotion and organizational excellence. 5s is one of these principles, which is an abbreviation for 5 Japanese values, including a set of standards and activities directed at creating a systemic, clean, enjoyable and creative environment. What causes 5s to be included in KAIZEN is implementation of changes and having small but continuous improvements; an improvement which keeps business in competition and helps increase the competitive power of the organization to perform effective and efficient improvements. This research aims to consider the impact of 5s on the efficiency and effectiveness of police forces. In other words, this research is based on considering the relationships between 5s and police force efficiency and effectiveness.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    1-3
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    4
  • Views: 

    4895
  • Downloads: 

    1591
Abstract: 

Introduction: Nowadays, improvement of security levels in public spaces around the world is considered as one of the most important issues for managers, planners and urban designers. Parks can be very effective, particularly from the viewpoint of urban planners, in increasing or decreasing sense of security. They are one of the most important components of urban and natural systems and their characteristics such as location, design, accessibility, lighting, construction, population, etc. should be considered seriously in urban planning. Urban parks have scattered trees with synthetic or natural grass. They are the most popular place for human recreation and usually provide a pleasant environment for citizens to get involved in social activities, comfort, leisure, family affairs. This paper explored the security level of parks in Qom's 2nd district as one the most populated destinations of travelers in the city. As for defining the term security, different sources have different definitions. For example, Moein's dictionary defines security as something which is safe, secure and immune, without fear. Likewise, in Amid dictionary, security is defined in terms of comfort, convenience and safety, which above all, is said to have an important role in the origin of city life in modern time, especially in public places.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    5-9
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1768
  • Downloads: 

    691
Abstract: 

Introduction: Nowadays, feeling of insecurity is the origin of many difficulties and disorders. Public dissatisfaction and other social disorders are in one way or another linked to feeling of social insecurity. Today, building a secure society is not possible unless there is a firm belief in "security" as the most significant value of the society. Social security has two dimensions: subjective and objective. In objective point of view, social security means creating secure life conditions for its members, and in subjective point of view, security means the feeling of being secure. Accordingly, security has a direct relationship with people's mentality and perception. If members of a society perceive that social security is decreasing in their community, at first, they may take it as a subjective reality but then it may unconsciously become an objective one. Therefore, in such conditions it is not possible to bring back the former state of trust and peace of mind. Now the absence or decrease in security may firstly be supposed as an inner feeling, but at a worse state it can appear as a social phenomenon, the public belief in this area may cause the society to pay high costs to bring back the security (Rabbani, 2007:2). Thus, the female students -as a group in this society- need to feel secure occupationally, mentally, physically, or financially. Since if this group of society have some difficulties (feel insecure), they can't fulfill their responsibilities. Now, the first question is: to what extent do the female subjects under study feel insecure? And the second question is: what is the role of social investment in improving social security? This article is an attempt to answer these two questions based on theoretical and experimental approaches.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    11-14
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2436
  • Downloads: 

    605
Abstract: 

Introduction: Security is one of the man’s fundamental needs and is considered as the first condition for sustainable development in a civilized society. One of the institutions which has an important role on the sense of social security is religion. Religion, religiosity and believe in God guide people to obey rules and prevent them from moral abnormality and anomy. Also, in today’s world, media exercises an extraordinary power on human’s life. Media has a paradoxical impact on society. It can change the truth or show the right, wrong and vice versa. Buzan introduces social security as a set of qualities upon which people consider themselves as members of a special group. In fact, social security is oriented towards dimensions of one's life and one's identity. Of course, feeling of security is related to one's state of mind rather than real life.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1392
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1 (پیاپی 5)
  • Pages: 

    73-90
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1114
  • Downloads: 

    266
Abstract: 

رفتارهای رانندگی در سطح شهرها تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی، از جمله تفاوت های مکانی، از الگوی ویژه ای پیرویمی کند. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی رابطه بین مکان با نحوه رفتار رانندگی و همچنین نحوه توزیع فضایی رفتار نامناسب رانندگی در شهر اصفهان می پردازد. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و بر اساس روش، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. روش جمع آوری داده ها به صورت کتابخانه ای و میدانی است که با 322 نمونه از بین رانندگان ساکن در شهر اصفهان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شده اند. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که رفتار رانندگان ساکن در مناطق مختلف شهر، با یکدیگر متفاوت است. رانندگان در خیابان های چهار باغ بالا، ولی عصر (عج)، عبدالرزاق، فروغی، احمد آباد و بزرگراه های شهید خرازی و سردار جنگل، نامناسب ترین رفتار رانندگی را داشته اند. در این تفاوت، چهار متغیر سن رانندگان، مدت زمان کسب گواهینامه رانندگی، میزان سواد رانندگان و مدت زمان رانندگی در طول شبانه روز تاثیر گذار بوده است.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    19-22
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1064
  • Downloads: 

    273
Abstract: 

Introduction: The results of many studies on women's security are indicative that women experience various degrees of insecurity in urban zones. These studies, however, are mostly influenced by three dominant and restricting presuppositions. First, "city" is considered as a "whole" in contrast with "village" and the intra-urban diversity is ignored. Secondly, most studies, for the fear of falling into a geographically oriented determinism, tend to neglect or underestimate the effects of the physical environment on security. Thirdly, women are regarded as a homogeneous category in contrast with men, and intra-sexual variations, issues and difficulties of different groups of women are ignored. In other words, previous studies are influenced by the dominant methodological dichotomist logic (urban/rural, women/men, social /environmental, etc.). They have ignored or neglected intra-urban and intra-sexual distinctions as well as the security-related features of physical environment.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1392
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1 (پیاپی 5)
  • Pages: 

    109-124
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    5229
  • Downloads: 

    1435
Abstract: 

تصادفات رانندگی و ایمنی ترافیک در کشور ما به مساله ای بسیار حساس تبدیل شده است، به طوری که ذهن اکثر مردم و مسوولان را به خود مشغول کرده است. از سوی دیگر، تحقیقات نشان داده اند که عامل انسانی بیشترین سهم را در بروز تصادفات رانندگی به خود اختصاص داده است. در این مقاله راهکارهای ارتقای سطح ایمنی ترافیک و حمل و نقل از طریق فرهنگ سازی و آموزش رفتارهای ترافیکی به کاربران راه ها در قالب سه سناریو بررسی شده است. در سناریوی شماره 1 اهمیت و نقش فرهنگ و رفتار ترافیکی در بهبود ایمنی و روان سازی حمل و نقل ارزیابی و فرآیند AHP در تصمیم سازی برای بهسازی رفتار و فرهنگ ترافیکی بررسی شده است. آنالیز و تحلیل مساله نیز به کمک نرم افزار (Expert Choice) صورت پذیرفته است. سناریوی شماره 2 عوامل موثر بر فرهنگ ترافیک از دیدگاه مدیران و مسوولان پلیس و شهرداری را بررسی کرده و در سناریوی شماره 3 نحوه تعیین نیازهای آموزشی شهروندان در زمینه ترافیک در شهر اصفهان بحث شده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل و ارزیابی نشان می دهد که در میان تدابیر و سیاست های مختلف برای بهسازی رفتار و فرهنگ ترافیکی در راستای بهبود ایمنی و روان سازی حمل و نقل ، عنصر «آموزش و فرهنگ سازی در میان اقشار مختلف جامعه» بیشترین سهم را در میان مولفه های دیگر داراست.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    27-29
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1208
  • Downloads: 

    378
Abstract: 

Introduction: Today’s criminal behaviors have become a difficult problem, with undesired effects on individual and family life of the people, and have led to many social disorders, whose social and economic roots can be analyzed and investigated in terms of different dimensions. Different types of criminal behavior result from various factors; therefore, in order to understand their nature as an interconnected collection we need to investigate different factors that are related with each other. The sociology of deviation mostly copes with the social and cultural factors that influence crime and emphasizes agencies of youth sociability such as the family, school, peer groups, and mass media. So, the current paper tries to investigate the sociability factors related to tendency towards criminal behavior among adolescent boys of Ilam city. In fact, our aim is to answer the question: what sociability factors are involved in tendency towards criminal behavior among Ilam adolescent boys? And what role each factor has in the appearance of this phenomenon? In despite of having many human talents, Ilam province, with a population of more than 500,000, is considered as a low performing province, with problems such as immigration of people from rural areas to suburban ones, increasing rates of crime. The shape and pattern of the cities of this province is not based on a citizenship and urbanism principle, which would follow a regular migration pattern.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1392
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1 (پیاپی 5)
  • Pages: 

    141-152
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2324
  • Downloads: 

    882
Abstract: 

5s به عنوان یکی از اصول کایزن (بهبود مستمر) با هدف افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی عملکرد، از طریق تغییرات درونی در کارکنان است. این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر اجرای 5s بر کارایی و اثربخشی کارکنان کلانتری ها می پردازد. این تحقیق از لحاظ روش، توصیفی- پیمایشی و از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است و در آن از آزمون T زوج نمونه ای برای بررسی تاثیر متغیرها استفاده شد. در ابتدا، با استفاده از ادبیات تحقیق، شاخص ها و مولفه های کارایی و اثربخشی استخراج و پس از آن، کارکنان دو کلانتری 134 شهرک قدس و 140 باغ فیض فرماندهی انتظامی تهران بزرگ به عنوان جامعه آماری این تحقیق به تعداد 66 نفر (در مجموع 132 نفر) به صورت مساوی به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. سپس، به وسیله پرسشنامه های طراحی شده (محقق ساخته)، وضع موجود کارایی و اثربخشی مورد سنجش و سپس آموزش 5s ارائه شد و پس از آن، از طریق پرسشنامه دوم، مجددا نظر کارکنان نسبت به تاثیر اجرای متغیر 5s بر کارایی و اثربخشی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه ها با استفاده از نظرهای خبرگان و پایایی آنها با استفاده از نرم افزار محاسبه گردید. یافته های حاصل از تحقیق گویای آن است که از نظر کارکنان مورد بررسی متغیر مستقل اجرای 5s بر کارایی و اثربخشی کارکنان کلانتری ها موثر است.

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