JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:11|Papers Count:13

The water crisis is usually described as the imbalance between supply and demand when this problem is beyond a physical or hydrological phenomenon. The water crisis is rise out of a big gap in the organizational and economic aspects of the development, allocation, utilization and management of water resources. So to overcome the current deficit water situation it is required to do organizational reforms to update the water institution, in addition to investigate the current status of rights, policies and management of water resources. The main goal of this research was to study the meaning and concept of the water institution and water institutional reforms in different countries. Although this work was a review in view of data collection, but it is practicable. To achieve the objectives, analysis was done with emphasis on definition of water institution and its reforms. Reviewing the experience of countries shows that water institutional reforms have been done to improve water efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and reduce governmental cost. In addition, equity and justice could be seen in some countries. To increase the required efficiency and security for investment in water resources, there should be transparent and compulsory rules and these rules must be revised over time.

In Iran since the beginning of the 2001 decision on a change in the type and form of budgeting has been raised at the annual budget in the first years after the law was superior but despite approval, implementing has not been yaced fulfilled practices in an appropriate manner for the same purpose. This paper aims to examine the role of organizational factors on the implementation of performance budgeting in process line with the above rules manually. Result implies that Change in the operating budget at the state has faced with internal and external challenges. Among the external factors, environmental factors and the size of government as the most important factors are facing and internal factors although can be adapted to the equipment, but human resources and financial resources cited as the main challenges. Operational budget can be implemented by concenter ting on the following factors to be desired:1- Attention to the culture and leadership. 2- commitment and support runs. 3- target group conditions. 4- consider the determination of measuring indicators. 5- Regards tendency of executives and organizational situation.

Perhaps one of the issues that sanctions increases the vulnerability of the economy, is that Iran is too dependent on oil exports and revenues. Due to lack of export diversification and focus on the export of petroleum products, the country's economy depends greatly on revenues of exporting these products and any pressures from this side could disturb the entire economic system of the country. Thus investigating what factors affect the concentration of exports on particular products is important. Export diversification and trying to go after dependence on oil incomes, affected by Quality of economic institutions and macroeconomic variables. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of macroeconomic and institutional variables on Iran export concentration using data for 1995 to 2012 using ridge regression model. The results showed that foreign investment, GDP per capita and indicators of quality regulations and Voice and Accountability a have significant effects on the concentration of exports in Iran.

Happiness and validity is the most basic concept in the positive psychology and the most important factor of growth and excellence in the scientific centers. Professors and students of universities need to happy environment and happy spirit for doing their missions as human capital and pioneer in the upheaval of societies. The lack of consensus in defining the real examples of scientific vitality and dynamism and sensitivity of this phenomenon in scientific and academic centers led to this study that analyzed plausible damages in this phenomenon. Data were gathered in semi-structured interviews with 22 participants by purposive sampling. Also, the Colizzi’s seven- step method was employed for information analysis. The theoretical saturation of data occurred in fourteenth interview but in order to accreditation findings have been continued to the twenty-second interview. The results of this study were showed to the professors that participating in this research and the results were confirmed. Findings led to identifying and classifying indicators of scientific vitality and dynamism and proposing a reference definition of "scientific vitality and dynamism". Also comparison of vitality and dynamism in current academic centers represented a significant distance between with vitality and dynamism of them with possible and favorable vitality and dynamism. Finally, we identified possible causes of the decline of scientific vitality and dynamism in the scientific and academic centers, classified and proposed strategies to go out of the current situation by promoting dynamism and reaching scientific reference.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Transparency Profit on the capital cost and additional returns for the Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, financial data of 108 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 92-1386 has been studied (648 companies- year). The method of data collection is document and the method of analyze is econometrics. To analyze the results of research, Software’s Spss 20, Eviews 7 and Minitab 16 has been used.The results show, Transparency benefit significantly negative impact on its cost of capital, so that with a transparency unit profit, Capital expenditure also decreased by 0.4068 units. As well as, The results show that the Transparency benefit significantly negative impact on its additional returns, so that with a transparency unit profit, additional returns also increased by 0.5930 units.

Following the Article 44 of the constitution, economic privatization policies were announced by the Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei, in May. These policies were supposed to revolutionize the Iranian economy. After almost a decade, it is necessary to evaluate the progress of privatization program and investigate the cons and pros of the program. It seems that the economic privatization is behind of its schedule. Identifying the reasons of this delay would help the decision makers to enhance the methods and improve the plans. In this research, we investigate increasing the share of private ownership in the economy using conceptual models. The related quantitative criteria are evaluated and new aggregated criteria are developed in order to get a better insight of the current status of privatization in Iran. The computational results reveal that the privatization goals have not been accomplished yet.

This article examin the impact of economic factors on migration by analytical approach using the theories of functionalism, structuralism and developmentalism in Iran country. to this end, it has modeld the relationship between migration and two main influenced economic indicators (the income and unemployment). The used methode in this article is ARDL over the spanning of 1980 to 2010 (the statistics of the last period of migration). The results of this research show that: the variables of GDP, unemployment and good governance are the main factors affecting on the long-term migration. Furthermore the decrease of unemployment and increase GDP and good governance leading to lower rates of immigration from the country, and this result confirms the theories of functionalism, structuralism and developmentalism for the country's fundamentalist Iran.