STRATEGIC RESEARCH ON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN IRAN
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (25)|Papers Count:8

Introduction Sexual harassment is a form of sexual violence and discrimination against women that increases social insecurity and fear of women in a society and so, reduces the individual liberties and social participation of women. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the abnormal phenomenon in the society that commonly referred as ‘ street harassment’ . The starting point of this study is to distinguish between two types of street harassment, namely verbal and physical harassment, emphasizing the similarity of physical harassment with the phenomenon of ‘ Sexual Rape’ and more damaging effects of such harassment on insecurity and relaxation about people in the society, especially women. In this study, we attempted to obtain a fairly accurate description of ‘ physical street harassments’ using the ethnographic approach...

Introduction Many changes in the world such as development of technology, facility in transportation, general availability of media, and tourism industry have led to more interaction between groups and cultures across the world than that in the last centuries. This encounter might range from cultural conflicts to complete cultural adoption. One of the most important factors to avoid conflicts and struggles among people is raising their awareness and perception about cultural variety and differences which might lead to people’ s growing tolerance in interaction with new people and cultures. This human ability that can be construed as an index of adaptation with new environments is called cultural intelligence. Cultural intelligence is basically characterized as the ability to perceive cultural similarities and differences and not ignoring them. Moreover it can be defined as personal capacity to effectively interact with people of other cultures. It is assumes that one of the most positive consequences of developing cultural intelligence is the reduction of prejudices, fundamentalism, assassination, insecurity, and struggles. According to Early and Ang (2006), cultural intelligence has four dimensions of metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral. Vogt (1997) also maintains that tolerance has three dimensions: political, ethical and social tolerance. Further, political tolerance, in his view, involves respect for others' civil liberties, and ethical tolerance is to respect what others do in private. However, social tolerance means tolerating the acquired and assigned attributes of individuals. Growing emigration of people of diverse cultures to Yasuoj city on the one hand and the rise of social problems in this city over the past years raises concerns and the question of whether or not there is any significant relationships between cultural intelligence and social tolerance among citizens in this city. This question motivated the current research...

Introduction Divorce rate has increased in recent decades in Iran. The purpose of this study is to answer the following research questions: What are the most important socio-economic characteristics of the divorced population in Iran, especially in terms of characteristics such as educational level, employment status, urban-rural residence, gender, and so on? How did these features change over time? What are the recent trends in divorce in Iranian society? And what are the differences between the provinces? Finally, to what extent can individual-level differences in socio-economic characteristics determine and predict probability of being divorced? We believe that the study of the trends in divorce rates and its socio-economic differentials can give a better understanding of the distributional pattern of divorce both over time, and within various socio-economic groups...

Introduction Prostitution is the action that one provides sexual services for earning money, sleeping places or other desires that are agreed with customers. The definition of prostitution and the way it is dealt with varies depending on the social, cultural and legal context in different countries. Prostitution is considered a criminal act in Iran, due to its criminalization, we face with a lack of reliable information and adequate studies as well as the strategies that women usually adopt for this challenging experience in their lives. Existing literature considers prostitution as one of the societal issues that is complex in terms of the reasons and contexts, and is mainly motivated by poverty, deprivation, inevitability and addiction. But the topics such as the meaning of prostitution for prostituted women, the misguided ways for them and the manners to achieve these goals are neglected. This study attempts to study the phenomenon of prostitution based on the narrative of women and beyond the stereotypes and categories that exist. The study aims to answer these question: what is the meaning of the act of perpetrating their act? On the other hand, what techniques or strategies do they use to adapt to the individual and alleviate the stresses of prostitution? This research is important because it is a novel study of how the practice of prostitution is organized by its underwriters, given the confidentiality of its practice...

Introduction Empowerment is one of the important goals in the social work practice. According to this goals, most social work interventions involve populations that are the least powerful groups or have little social resources. One of these social groups that their empowerment can empower family members are women-headed households. They are not satisfied with their lives and have little trust to relatives and community. They also receive a little support from the society and have many responsibilities in life. As women-headed households live individually and socially under discriminatory and powerless conditions, thus empowering them is the most important practice for social workers. Because of these, many social work organizations consider empowerment plans to help women-headed households. But these plans are not always welcomed by women for achieving social and economic goals. Accordingly, this qualitative study was conducted to investigating the causes and context of non-participation of women-headed households in empowerment plans...

Introduction Population growth, climate change, urbanization and diversification of water use, mismanagement of water resources along with the degradation of the environment have put great pressure on the limited available water resources. Competition over limited water resources has also led to widespread debate in the field of water to date, which has been called the status of water resources beyond the water crisis and even water bankruptcy in Iran. In such circumstances, it seems that the primary precondition for successful management of the water crisis is the socialization of the issue with the socialization of individuals on water issues. Environmental socialization is a relatively new topic in the field of sociological studies, which means that to what extent institutions and factors of socialization, such as family, school, peer group, institutions, media, etc. can influence people's attitudes, worldviews and ultimately their behavior, and institutionalize and internalize environmental values...