The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:47|Papers Count:10

Pension funds play an important role in social and economic domain. Despite the importance of financial reporting of pension funds and the criticisms on the accounting standard for these units (Standard NO. 27), this standard has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study is assessing the Challenges of applying the requirements of accounting Standard of Iranian accounting Standard of Retirement benefit plans (No. 27) using mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches; in other words we used questionnaires and interviews for collecting data. 64 collected questionnaires were analyzed by Fuzzy Delphi method; content analysis was also used to analyze the interviews. The results indicate that all measurement and disclosure requirements of Standard No. 27 except calculating fair value of investment in companies not listed in SEO are operational. In addition, all requirements are understandable and except for the requirements of calculating the present value of actuarial retirement, benefits are efficient. On the other hand, calculation of fair value of net assets and classification of assets and liabilities does not lead to proper representation of information. Also in all aspects examined, the requirements of standard NO. 27 are not enough.

According to the contingency theory of accounting information systems leads to optimal performance in the organization and the role of accounting information systems as a dynamic link between the organization's strategies and common accounting criteria; Uncertainty can work. Therefore, based on this argument, the purpose of the present study is to design and evaluate the moderating role of uncertainty on the relationship between the characteristics of accounting information systems and system performance. The results of interviews with financial managers and accounting experts of 60 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and data analysis using structural equation modeling method show that the characteristics of accounting information system affect the performance of the system. It also moderates the effect of accounting information system features on system performance, in accordance with the result of the second assumption of uncertainty.

Nowadays, Because of importance of cash in going concern of the firm and stakeholders requests from agency problem, companies have attention to Effective factors on cash holding. This study aims is provided to assess the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (csr) on the cash holding with the mediating systematic risk. Sampling was done by applying the systematic elimination method on the population and 170 firms with 1020 firm-year observations were studied. During the study we found that the effect of CSR on cash holdings via the systematic risk is robust and systematic risk is mediates the impact of corporate social responsibility on cash holding.

Managers are pivotal element of organization evolvement nowadays and sucees or failure of the organization is a function of decisions made by them. This research will study the impact of decision making methods on fraudulent financial reporting by forecasting causal relationship between decision making dimensions (intuitive, dependent, rational, spontaneous and avoidant) and fraudulent reporting. Statistical population of this research is independent auditors and standard questionnaire is used to gather data. Analysis were based on structural modeling approach. Results of the research presents a meaningful effect of decision making methods (dependent, rational, spontaneous and avoidant) on fraudulent financial reporting and no any meaningful effect of intuitive decision making method on fraudulent financial reporting was observed.

Business units need financial resources to carry out their activities. One of the ways in which business units through which they provide their needed resources is the use of banking loans. In this study, the effect of political connections on the bank loan financing has been investigated. Also, the independence of the board of directors has been used as a moderator variable. The purpose of this study is pragmatic and its nature, descriptive-correlation. In order to achieve the purpose, 128 companies from listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected by systematic elimination sampling method. To test the hypotheses of the research, multiple regression model and panel data were used. The findings of the study show that political connections have a positive and significant effect on the bank loan financing. Also, findings of the study showed that the independence of the board of directors would strengthen the effect of political connections on bank loan financing. The study results indicate that Tehran Stock Exchange companies are using the presence of political parties in their management to provide easier access to banking loans. The presence of non-executive directors as a way to gain the trust of banks will also help to facilitate the financing of corporations.

Mispricing in the stock market identified by investors is one of the main causes of accruals anomaly. In this study, the Impact of earnings related news and also stock price momentum factor on the stock mispricing correction and consequently, the correction process of the accruals anomaly is evaluated. Therefore, two hypotheses were developed in this research which were statistically analyzed through multivariate regression models using combined data. In this regard, to analyze the data and evaluate the hypotheses generated in our research, the number of 105 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected as the statistical sample using systematic elimination method. The findings revealed that earnings related news had a significant and positive effect on the correction process of accruals anomaly. Additionally, it was found that the stock price momentum factor also successfully contributed to the correction process of accruals anomaly.

The purpose of this research is to explain the conservatism pattern and prioritize the effective factors in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The information necessary for this research was compiled from financial statements of 154 companies. To test the hypotheses, multiple regression has been used with panel data. In line with the research objectives, conservative variables were calculated using Givoly and Hein (2000). Effective factors on conservatism were identified and selected by referring to previous studies and using theoretical foundations. The results of the research show that the criteria of free cash flow, financial leverage, earnings management, cost of capital, board of independence, over confidence management, CEO compensation, size and disclosure quality in the order of priority of factors influencing the criterion accounting conservatism. In other words, corporate characteristics and managerial thinking are more influential than other factors in the practices adopted in the company. The results also confirm that conservatism is related to contract theory.

Regarding that the real earnings management has more detrimental effects than the accrual-based earnings management, the present research will be studied the effect of the real earnings management on the future performance of the companies and the sustainability of the institutional ownership as a strategy to control the real earnings management in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the real earnings management is first measured according to Roychowdhury 's model (2006). Then, the variable of the institutional ownership sustainability is calculated by the Elyasyani et. al (2010) for 90 companies in a period of 2008-2015. In order to evaluate the research hypotheses, the combined data regression and the EViews9. 5 are used. The results of the first hypothesis show that the real earnings management has a detrimental effect on the future performance of the companies. Moreover, the variables of the bankruptcy model z, loss companies and the financial leverage ratio have a significant effect on the future performance of the companies. The results of the second hypothesis show that the sustainability of institutional ownership can be a suitable strategy to control the real earnings management of companies. Also, the variables of operational capability, the growth rate of sale, the size of company and the total asset return rate all have a significant effect on the real earnings management.

This study examines the relationship between pessimism and frequency efficient management of cash interest expense coverage according to the company's retained earnings. To achieve this goal, four hypotheses was used and to test hypotheses, data from 93 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange by using systematic sampling were selected. To perform multiple regression test hypotheses using software was used SPSS17. The results show that pessimism is that the efficient management of cash and frequency coverage of interest expense In companies with retained earnings down significantly as there is an inverse relationship. But the pessimism efficient management of cash and frequency coverage of interest expense in companies with high retained earnings, there is no relation.

This paper has been conducted to examines the effects of the Competition industry and firm level on the future stock price crash risk. For this purpose two main hypotheses have been suggested and a sample of 67 Tehran stock exchange listed companies has been taken using Removal of Systematic method. To measure the industry Competition index, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the number of companies acting in the industry has been used and the modified Lerner index has been applied to measure the Competition in the firm level. The stock price crash risk has been calculated using two indices and a time horizon of one future year. The results of the estimation of the research models show that the high industry concentration increases the risk of the future stock price crash for the companies in the same industry. In addition the market power and the excessive size of the firm has an interactive effect on the future stock price crash; meaning that the excessive size of the firm intensifies the effect of the market power on the stock price crash risk.