Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing
Year:2020 | Volume:15 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Objectives Health Literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain, interpret, and understand health information for appropriate decision making. Elderly self-care is a supportive strategy in many diseases that requires a high level of health literacy. The aim of this study was to determine the level of health literacy of Iranian elderly people based on scientific evidence. Methods & Materials The search was carried out in international and regional scientific databases as well as Google Scholar, using the keywords "health literacy, ” "aging", and "Iran" in Persian and English, until 2018 October. Totally 321 titles were retrieved. After screening, the full text of 13 articles on the health literacy of Iranian older adults was examined. Finally, the information of 6 articles which was qualitatively appropriate and relevant to the criteria for entering the study, were included in the meta-analysis. Metaanalysis was performed by using STATA software. Results The mean score of health literacy in the elderly is 45. 8 and the estimated 95% confidence interval is 36. 05 to 55. 55. Based on the results of repeated meta-analysis in subgroups (based on gender-disaggregated data), the average health literacy score in male population is higher than that of women (57. 24 vs 44. 28). Conclusion The results of this study showed that the Iranian older adults have a relatively low level of health literacy. Considering the importance of health literacy and its impact on the quality of life of this population, Planning and effective interventions to improve the health literacy of the Iranian elderly are needed.

Objectives The analysis of the concept of ageism will help us to achieve a similar, clear, and understandable definition of ageism in the care system. The aim of this study was clarification of the ageism in caring system. Methods & Materials We utilized the Walker and Avant’ s model in this study. In a review of literature from 1969 to September 2018, sources were included on the basis of the definition, functions, properties, premises, consequences, and empirical referents of the ageism concept. Results According to our analysis, the main attribute of the concept of ageism is that the ageism is a discriminatory process towards the elders which can have a positive or negative aspect with a conscious and unconscious manifestation in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components in three micro, meso and macro levels and can be self-directed or other-directed. Conclusion Since the concept of ageism in our country is relatively new and unknown, this concept analysis by clarifying the ageism, with understanding this concept in the care system, can improve implementation of more extent studies and development of research tools for identification of its barriers and facilitators and its execution.

Objectives This study was performed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire – Older Adults Edition (WHOQOL-OLD). Methods & Materials The statistical sample consisted of 300 elderly (150 males and 150 females) with an age range of 60-80 years old who were selected in Tehran City. The tools used included the WHOQOL-OLD with 24 questions and 6 components. The IQOLA translation model was used to translate the quality of life in Iranian elderly. To determine the validity, the face, content, concurrent, and structural validity were used. To determine the reliability, the temporal stability and internal consistency methods were used. Results The results showed that more than 85% of the questions had optimal translation quality, thus the face validity of the Persian version WHOQOL-OLD was obtained. Results showed that the content validity ratio (CVR) for all questions was obtained between 0. 7-1 and the content validity index (CVI) was 0. 85. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that the correlation between the total score of WHOQOL-OLD and GHQ-28 questionnaires was 0. 53 (P<0. 05). Therefore, this results showed that the concurrent validity of WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire. The construct validity results showed that the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire had acceptable fit indexes (such as CFI=0. 924, GFI=0. 901, AGFI=0. 953, RMSEA=0. 048). Finally, results showed that the test-retest interclass correlation test indicate that the temporal stability is acceptable (0. 78-0. 89). Furthermore, the results of Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient showed that the internal consistency of each component was acceptable (α >0. 75). Conclusion Results indicated that the Persian version of the WHOQOL-OLD is valid and reliable, and especially can be used to assess the quality of life among Iranian elderly people.

Objectives Studies show that the relationship between Grandchildren and Grandparents affects the health and quality of life of both groups. Currently There is no tool to evaluate the relationship in Iran. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Relationship of Grandchild-Grandparents Elder-Conger. Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted on 505 students aged 9-17 years in Jahrom City in 2018. The Cluster sampling was used to select participants and to collect data. The Internal consistency reliability evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and used Content Validity Index (CVI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 23 and AMOS. Results The study population included the Mean± SD of age 12. 88± 2. 67 year. The CVI was 0. 98. The questions were approved by experts in terms of being simplified, clear, and understandable. Internal Consistency obtained through Cronbach's alpha was 0. 89; for emotional dimension of grandchildren toward grandparents was 0. 84; and for participation dimension was 0. 83. Result of construct validity showed that questionnaire was Fitness. (GFI=0. 964, CMIN=2. 504, AGFI=0. 938, RMSEA=0. 059). Conclusion The results of the study showed that this questionnaire was of desirable Reliability and Validity. It is suggested that more studies on evaluation reliability and validity are done.

Objectives The elderly population is increasing globally and as the age increases and the functions of some organs decrease, some problems in elderly age, including sleep problems increase. Sleep disturbances cause neurological, autonomic, and biological changes. Therefore, attention should be paid to the problems that eliciting for the elderly and their families subsequently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oil on lemon on sleep disorders in the elderly. Methods & Materials The study is a stratified design with IRCT2016061528485N1 registration Code and IR. USWR. REC. 1395. 50 Code of Ethics approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. A total of 93 subjects (45 men and 48 women) were enrolled in the intervention, 22 men in the intervention group, 23 in the control group, 24 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group. Of these, 85 participated in the third stage of the intervention, 43 women (51%) and 42 men (49%), 41. 17% in the age group of 74-60 years and 58. 82% in the age group above 75 years. The Mean± SD age of the elderly was 75. 88± 9. 19 years, with the lowest age of 61 years and the highest age of 94 years. Outbreaks were hospitalized, departures and deaths. After completing an examination, a score of more than 5 Pittsburgh questionnaires, a visit by a psychiatrist and a self-reported sleep disorder, and considering the medical records, consumables, and entry criteria they were studied according to the randomization tables and divided into intervention and control groups. Validity and reliability of Pittsburgh questionnaire have been studied in various research. The intervention group received oil from the lemon and the inactive oil control group for four weeks, once daily, twice daily in the morning and night, with a drop per nose. No specific side effects were reported. In 3 cases, mild headache was reported, which was associated with a history of sinusitis, and the intervention was either performed or excluded from the tampon. Results At the beginning of the study, demographic questionnaires, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and then Pittsburgh Questionnaire 2 and 4 weeks after the beginning of the intervention, were again asked by interview method and the data were analyzed by SPSS V. 23. The tests were one-way variance analysis, follow-up tests, independent samples T and single-sample t-test. Conclusion Based on the results of the study, the oil to lemon has been shown to improve the sleep disorders of the elderly in the intervention group (P=0. 0003) and Effect size =0. 155). Sleep disturbances The intervention group improved in the second week and the fourth week after the onset of intervention compared to the control group.

The Effects of Attentional Instructions and Exercise with Resistance Socks on the Static and Dynamic Balance of Parkinson's Patients.

Objectives This study considering grascophobia and its related factors in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science. Methods & Materials This study is cross-sectional and we used available sampling. A Persian translation of Ageing Anxiety Scale (AAS) was administered to the university students. Results The total Mean± SD is 70. 08± 9. 69. The scale has 4 subscale and higher level is fear of lost: mean is 20. 14; also between 17 factors 3 factors has statistical significance. Different academic year (F=2. 21; Sig. =0. 05), satisfying of major (F=2. 34; Sig. =0. 44) if their fathers age was 60 and more (T=2. 18; Sig. =0. 031). SD is 4. 84 and lower level is fear of older people: Mean± SD is 14. 19± 5. 08. Conclusion According to the results we suggest to reduce grascophobia by educate students about aging.

Objectives There is currently a lack of consensus to estimate and compare depression proportion of elderly people in different Iranian ethnicities. Therefore, we examined the effect of ethnicity on elderly depression in the presence of other variables. Methods & Materials During a cross-sectional study in 2017, seven Iranian ethnicities were considered as clusters, then a random sample was selected from each group of people over 60 years old. A total of 1477 participants were studied among which 675 were Fars, 298 Turk, 100 Kurds and Turkman, 99 Baloch and Arab, and 96 Lor. The subjects were asked to complete the Elderly Depression Inventory (GDS-15) and demographic checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS V. 22 software in α =0. 05 using linear regression analysis and ANOVA test. Results The prevalence of depression was only about 50%. However, depression proportion of Baluch, Arab, Kurd and Lor elderlies with 81. 8, 77. 8, 62, and 59. 4 percent was significantly high. Even, the prevalence of severe depression was 30% in Baluchis. Also, linear regression revealed that widowhood (P<0. 001), retirement (P=0. 022), house bound (P<0. 001), and the increasing chronic illnesses (P<0. 001), and income (P<0. 001) were other variables influencing depression. Conclusion The establishment of methods to decreasing elderly depression is necessary because of the high prevalence of depression among the elderly of different ethnicities, especially the Arab and Baluch ethnic groups.

Objectives This article aimed to study the relations of locus of control and behavioral approach/inhibition systems to general health in elderly nursing home residents in Dubai. Methods & Materials In a cross-sectional study, 100 elderlies (60 male and 40 female) living in two nursing homes in Dubai were selected through categorized sampling. Participants completed the Locus of Control Scale (LCS), the Carver and White's BIS/BAS Scales and the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed by Pearson’ s correlation and multiple regression using SPSS software V. 21. Results The Mean± SD of the ages of the men and women were 62. 10± 11. 08 and 61. 12± 10. 76, respectively. Also, the Mean± SD of internal locus of control, external locus of control, behavioral activation System (BAS), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and general health were 4. 32± 3. 21, 5. 51± 3. 98, 29. 66± 5. 79, 8. 45± 5. 83, and 15. 08± 12. 64, respectively. The results showed that all BAS subscales, BIS, and internal and external locus of control were related significantly to general health (P<0. 01). BAS and its subscales correlated with depression (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). BIS and internal and external locus of control were connected to all subscales of general health (P<0. 01). Conclusion Elderlies with external control and behavioral inhibition systems are at increased risk for mental health problems, while those with BAS and internal locus of control have a better mental health.

Objectives Infections acquired in ICU wards is a major part of nosocomial infections in each hospital. Controlling this type of infections can reduce mortality and hospitalization time. An important and highrisk target group for these infections involves older adults. This study aimed to investigate the infections acquired in ICU among older adults as well as contributors to and complications of these infections. Methods & Materials In this descriptive, analytic study, all the elderly patients (>60 y) hospitalized in two ICUs wards of teaching hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences during 2015 were included. The patients who were being treated by antibiotics or were unwilling to participate or had preliminary positive cultures were excluded. After 72 hours of hospitalization in ICU, a set of participants’ samples including blood, urine, wounds, lung discharges, and sputum were cultured. In the positive samples, factors associated with the infection, such as age, sex, initial disease, catheterization, and the complications were examined. Results In this study, 417 older adults (>60 y) hospitalized in Imam Reza and Vali-e-Asr Hospitals of Birjand with Mean± SD age of 74. 04± 8. 9 years were entered in the study. Among them, 255 (61. 2%) patients were in Imam Reza Hospital and the remaining were in Vali-e-Asr Hospital. Men were accounted for 45. 8% (n=191) of participants. The infection had a frequency of 18. 7% (n=78). Men showed a higher rate of infection than women (24. 1% vs 14. 2%; P=0. 01). Infections increased significantly as hospitalization time increased (i. e., 2. 7% in patients with <5 days, 30. 2% in patients with 5-10 days; 67. 2% in patients with >10 days of hospitalization; P>0. 001). The most common infection was respiratory infection observed in 42 (53. 8%) of cases followed by urinary infections. There was no significant correlation between age and infection occurrence. Correlation was found neither between infection and mortality, nor between age and mortality. Infection rates was significantly greater in the internal diseases ICU (35. 8%) than in the surgery ICU (7. 8%) (P<0. 001). Conclusion Elderly adults hospitalized in the ICU are prone to infections. Thus, the hospitalization time and the intubation times should be reduced as far as possible.