Rural Development Strategies
Year:2020 | Volume:6 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

This paper aims to investigate the role of rural tourism on social security sense in rural Areas in the Ardabil County. This study is descriptive-analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and a library and field research in terms of type of data collection. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher. It can be said that the studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in Sardabeh village, by using simple random sampling based Cochran’ s formula. The appropriate amount for this research was selected to be 385 persons. In addition, opposite of this sample, for making equality at test and results, 385 residents of the villagers of Sardabeh which lacks the ‘ Baleglou’ tourist attraction were selected to serve as control group. The tool of measurement was researcher made questionnaire. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times of review and correction by the faculty members at the university and several expertise of administrative offices. Reliability analysis was conducted and Cranach’ s alpha values for the various sections of the instrument were estimated to be between 0. 80 and 0. 83. The results of research by using the T-test showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between variables of financial security, job security, ethical security, civic security, reputation security, cultural security and emotional security and independent variable. Finally, based on the analysis of the results, some applied recommendations have been provided.

Rice mills are one of the oldest and most important agricultural conversion industries in the Mazandaran province. Despite the large number of these units in the Mazandaran province, so far little research has been done to measure their efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the efficiency of these units. To achieve the objectives of the study, 167 questionnaires were completed by random sampling from different cities in the Mazandaran province in 2018. The Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting the performance of these units. The results of the Tobit model showed that the coefficients of potential unit capacity, number of working days, energy cost share of the costs, higher education than manager's diploma, manager's age, workers' training programs, advertising and city (Abbas Abad, Nowshahr, Chalus and Tonekabon) variables, affect efficiency and are 0. 001,-0. 003,-0. 003,-0. 06,-0. 11 and-0. 08 respectively. Among these, variables of paddy capacity, number of days of activity, advertising, share of energy costs and manager age have a significant effect on efficiency. The variables manager's education (-0. 04 uneducated), advertising (0. 032) and location unit (-0. 03) have the most impact on the efficiency of rice mill units. Based on the results of this research study, suggestions such as training courses, payment facilities and modernization of traditional have been provided with all due regards.

Creating industry in rural areas that have potential can be the best strategy for empowering rural areas. Industry is capable of developing rural areas through employment, income generation and welfare. Since the Angouran section has the largest lead and zinc mines in the Middle East, it has created the necessary conditions for the establishment of several companies in the region which excavate and process these metal materials. These companies are big industries and have created a lot of employment opportunities in the region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of lead and zinc companies on the economic and social development of rural Angouran. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method was used and the method of data collection was field work. The statistical population of the study is all of the rural heads of households in the Angouran region. The research tool is a questionnaire that consists of 300 questions and the data were analyzed using the SPSS software package. According to the results, these companies have a significant impact on increasing literacy, health and social welfare in the social dimension and increasing income and savings, creating new job opportunities and attracting urban capital in the economic dimensions of life. The negative consequences of these companies have been in the social dimension, i. e. decline of young people's interest in agriculture and decline of labor force in the agricultural sector. Its negative impacts in the economic dimension is increased consumerism of households and rising land prices.

Implementation of the Rural Development Plan aimed at providing a platform for rural revitalization and social, economic, physical and environmental aspects and equity and appropriate facilities, would provide relative prosperity and quality of life for villagers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of rural development plans on the quality of life of rural households in Ardabil city. The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of this study includes all heads of households living in rural areas of Ardabil city (6881 households). Simple random sampling method was selected and evaluated. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by relevant experts and its reliability was confirmed by pre-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 74). Statistical analysis of research data was performed using statistical software package (SPSS) and statistical tests of factor analysis and correlation analysis. In order to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of rural life, 15 variables were tested in three components using factor analysis model. The results of factor analysis showed that 68. 49% of the total variance was attributed to the social and economic dimension affecting the quality of life of the villagers. Credit and financial services, security against natural disasters, poverty alleviation and motivation for career development are the four main factors affecting the quality of life in the study area. The lines dedicated to the rural development plan should not only focus on the autopsy of the villages but also a different plans must be appended on the social, economic and environmental conditions of different villages appended to it.

Tourism is one of the most important activities that have played a special role in the economic development of some countries in recent decades. The expansion of tourism can lead to a fair distribution of income at the national level, especially in the countryside. This can also somewhat contribute to sustainable development in all parts of the country by filling the development gap between different regions of the country (especially in the villages). The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting sustainable development of rural tourism in the Zorabad village in the eastern Alamut district of Qazvin. The statistical population of this study consists of 400 rural tourism activists. 112 individuals were selected using Cochran statistic and random sampling. In the present study, the main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 89). According to the results, five factors of rural potential, public participation, employment development, and governmental, cultural and social support for sustainable tourism development were identified.

One of the solutions for agricultural development is the creation of conversion and complementary industries with the aim of preventing crop waste in agricultural development and rural entrepreneurship. Considering that one of the problems currently faced by date conversion and complementary industries in the Kerman province is the lack of innovation in these industries and the consequent lack of sufficient market share in the domestic and global markets has failed to contribute to employment and entrepreneurship for the region. For this purpose, the present study presents a focal strategy for development of conversion and complementary industries in the rural areas of Bam by using the SWOT method, survey and field studies. The results show that defense strategy (WT) is at the top of strategies in the development of conversion and complementary industries. Because of the region's high capacities, the threshold of innovation and creativity in the rural conversion sector needs to be revised and appropriate policies must be developed to address the constraints and use of existing rural and agricultural capabilities.

Today, one of the most important goals for all countries is to get productivity improvement and then achieve economic growth via improving productivity. The aim of this study is to measure total productivity factor and its determinants for soybean farms in the Gorgan County as one of the main soybean production regions in Iran. To this end, first, total factor productivity (TFP) index is calculated by using the Tornqvist index and then, the relationship between TFP and age, experience, education and membership in cooperatives is estimated by the regression approach. This study was done as a survey and data were gathered by using questionnaires from 60 soybean farmers. The results showed that the TFP index varies from 0. 37 to 1. 82. About 46% of the farms had productivity less than the mean average. Also, experience, education and membership in cooperation factors had a positive and significant effect on TFP. Thus, improving them can help increase soybean production.

A research study with direct observational survey was used in order to study the factors influencing migration of villagers in the Charoymaq county – Iran. This study focused on the role of agriculture and the open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire technique were used. The sampling method used in this study was random cluster sampling and the total number of statistical samples used was chosen to be 200 according to Cochran's test. After collecting data from the questionnaires, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. According to the results of non-parametric tests to investigate the effect of differences in variables related to individual characteristics including age, sex, education and previous occupation of immigrants on migration status, it was found that all variables are significant. In other words, these factors have a significant effect on migration rate. The main reasons for migration of all the people surveyed were problems in the field of agriculture and labor difficulties and the lack of supportive aspects. On the other hand, although migration in men (53%) is higher than women (16. 7%), percentage interest in migration among men (21. 3%) is lower than women (41. 7%). These results are due to the fact that hardships of life in the countryside and traditional life of agricultures are greater than in that of urban life as women feel. According to the results, the main reasons for migration of Charoymaq villagers to cities are unemployment and low income in villages (38. 5%), lack of welfare, health and educational facilities (33. 5%) and lack of land and sufficient capital for agriculture (10%). According to Friedman’ s test, in order to assess the effect of each factor on immigration, regardless of classification in terms of economic, social, cultural, infrastructural, demographic and environmental factors, in general, they were ranked 47 and overall, more employment opportunities rank first. Moreover, among these factors, drought and water scarcity in the region have also been cited as important factors, and more unemployment in the village appears to be due to a lack of proper agricultural management. In general, due to the pressure on the villagers during the recent droughts to provide the required water in the agricultural sector and lack of investment in controlling surface waters and extracting groundwater has had a major impact on migration. It is suggested that more attention be paid to management and investment in this regard.