Journal of Quantitative Economics
Year:2018 | Volume:15 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Considering the role of banks in Iran and the significance of appraising their functions, this study evaluates the banks' efficiency during 2010-2014. There are many researches in field of bank's efficiency and productivity with DEA but all of them do not consider their internal structure in surveying of efficiency. Main aim of this paper is to survey efficiency of 18 banks with Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA). In this paper, worker, fixed asset and official and public costs are interred to model as input, bank deposit is intermediate variable ( output in first step and input in second step), banks profit is desirable output and Non-performing loans of banks is undesirable output which are considered in model. Variables are interred to model according to their roles in bank's structures. Results reveal that else of 3 banks, all banks of our sample operated less than efficient level in our period. Performance of some banks is so weak and some banks which have more Non Performing loans have lower efficiency.

The purpose of this study is to measure the willingness to pay to avoid the harmful effects of carbon dioxide emissions in various regions in Iran based on Hedonic price during 2001 to 2012. For this purpose, having calculated the carbon dioxide emissions using a indirect method and then using the econometric GMM approach, the study estimates factors affecting the value of houses in different provinces. The double logarithmic form is used to estimate the implicit price or willingness to pay for environmental quality as one of the qualitative factors affecting the price of housing. Based on the results, in provinces of Iran, the differences in willingness to pay are significant Our conclusion is that household preferences in different regions against contamination are incongruent. Thus, it is necessary to use imbalanced pricing policies on emissions.

Nowadays, policy makers and economic planners are seeking to establish several goals simultaneously, such as making sustainable development based on economic, social, environmental and energy goals which require an analytical tool to assess the problem from different perspectives. Combining input-output analysis to introduce the multi-objective goal programming, this article proposes a model to achieve simultaneous national document goals on major economic activities for the first time in Iran, which can be used as a valuable basis for policy making and planning in economic and social activities. This study used the 2011 input-output table and the data concerning the quantities of carbon dioxide and energy usage obtained from 2011 hydrocarbon balance sheet. In addition, the employment data were obtained from Iran’ s Statistics Center for housing and population census in 2011. The goals of the model were developed based on the fifth-year economic, social and cultural development plan and Paris environmental agreement. Despite achieving economic objectives, the results simultaneously show that the implementation of policies can lead to imbalanced growth of economic activities and energy; yet, the environmental objectives are not achieved. Thus, in order to achieve the energy and environmental goals, fundamental changes in some sectors such as power are inevitable.

Almost all human economic activities, directly or indirectly, affect the environment and ecological system. Corruption in economic activities is caused by such factors as inadequate regulatory system, lack of respect for law, weak democracy, inequality of individuals against law, and lack of accountability on environmental issues. Because of the importance of corruption in environmental degradation, this study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of corruption on CO2 emissions as an indicator of pollution in the country. Therefore, annual data 1984-2015 for Iran and using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results of estimating direct effects model showed a positive and significant relationship corruption with CO2 emissions in the long run. And in indirect effects model corruption relationship with per capita income (as the intermediary channel) is negative and significant. Prominent issue in the study is high share direct effects of corruption on pollution compared to indirect effects. Therefore, it is recommended that authorities have more supervisory in control corruption.

Investigating the factors affecting bankruptcy is one of the most Investigating the factors affecting bankruptcy is one of the most important issues in financial literature. Itcan provide useful information to government, central bank, banks, financial institutions, creditors, and capital market investors. In this paper, we discussed the differences between two concepts of bankruptcy and insolvency. We then calculated the efficiency variable through data envelopment analysis (DEA), and we fitted it as an explanatory variable alongside available variables in logit panel data for 36 manufacturing companies during the period of 1388-93. The efficiency model was calculated by constant return to scale, variable return to scale, collective pattern and Anderson-Peterson methods. The efficiency variable was significant with constant return to scale. Finally, logit regression model was fitted twice, without specification of the efficiency variable and further with the efficiency variable. We found that in all patterns which were fitted by the efficiency variable, accuracy of the model prediction significantly increased.

This paper provides a new formula for aggregating monetary assets of consumers, firms, public enterprise and government, in line with Barnett's (1984) model that used two agents: consumers and firms. The Bamol sales revenue maximization model has been used to model public enterprise. By solving the model, the user cost of the monetary assets services demanded by public enterprise is completely different from the Barnett formula for his agents. Since the government's monetary assets provide the same services, in fact, these assets are complete substitutes and simple sum aggregation can be used to aggregate these assets. In order to investigate the new aggregation formula achieved from the research, we used quarterly data of 1991Q1-2011Q4 for estimating and forecasting GDP and consumer price index in the period of 2012Q1-2016Q4. According to the results, for the consumer price index, the new aggregation has lower error rates and, therefore, higher predictive power than the simple sum aggregation in both M1 and M2. In the prediction of GDP, this aggregation at M1 level is better than simple sum, although at M2 level, with a very small difference in prediction error, simple sum aggregation performance is better. However, it can be argued that to predict the future trend of prices and production, in order to control and direct the government's monetary and fiscal policies, calculating the volume of liquidity by using the new aggregation has preferences over the simple sum aggregation.