Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

To identify the QTLs affecting grain weight and yield, 148 doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between Clipper (high yield) and Sahara3771 (low yield) were screened under controlled conditions. The experiment was conducted in CRD with 3 replications. The new 30 ISSR marker loci were added to a backbone of 466 loci on the Clipper × Sahara DH linkage map. The map spanned 1460 centimorgans (cM) and had a mean density of 2 loci per 3 cM. The QTL analysis led to identification of 5 QTLs on 2H, 4H, 5H and 6H chromosomes for grain yield. These QTLs could explain 57% of the total phenotypic variation, and the QTL on chromosome 2H (ksuF2-mwg892) with 20% had the largest effect. For grain weight, 3 QTLs were identified, and the QTL on 2H could explain 69% of total phenotypic variation. The identification of QTLs with large effects on grain weight and yield illustrates the usefulness of molecular markers in gene mapping and suggest that marker-assisted selection will be feasible in the near future in barley breeding programs.

Identification of genetic diversity and classification of genetic resources (germplasm) are of important and essential activities in breeding and management of plant genetic resources. In order to study the genetic diversity of rose, twenty genotypes were analyzed using six Conserved DNA-Derived Polymorphism (CDDP) and 20 RAPD markers. Matrix genetic distance ranged from 0.04 to 0.77 in CDDP and from 0.05 to 0.79 in RAPD marker analysis. The level of polymorphism generated by CDDP markers (100%) was similar to RAPD marker. Cluster analysis for CDDP and RAPD markers revealed that genotypes were grouped in three clusters. The current study showed CDDP marker very well differentiated rose genotypes from each other. This is the first report of using targeted DNA region molecular marker (CDDP) for genetic diversity analysis in rose in comparison with RAPD markers. We introduce CDDP as a new molecular markers system for evaluating Rose germplasm.

Leptin is produced by adipocytes and plays a critical role in the regulation of bodyweight through reducing food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Leptin gene can participate in many physiological functions and regulation of food intake. In order to identify the polymorphism in a region of the second intron of the leptin gene, blood samples were taken randomly from 150 Raeini cashmere goats. Genomic DNA was extracted and a fragment with a length of 442 bp was amplified from the second intron of leptin gene using PCR-RFLP method. The statistical analysis identified three band patterns of AA, AB and BB with frequencies of 57.0, 3.0 and 13.0, respectively. The A and B alleles showed frequency of 72.0 and 28.0, respectively. Shannon index and effective number of alleles for the leptin gene were 5898/0 and 6673/1 respectively. Analysis of the body size related traits with leptin genotypes showed that while birth weight was not associated with this gene weaning weight, body length, body height and chest circumference were significantly associated with identified polymorphisms in this gene (P<0.05).

Sugar beet is one of the most important plants playing a key role in human food production in the world. Sugar beet has nutritional value as rice, corn, wheat, potato and beans. The estimation of genetic diversity of plant material is the first step for identification, conservation of genetic resources and designing of breeding programs. In order to study the genetic diversity of 20 sugar beet genotypes, 20 ISSR primers were used. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, using ISSR primers the scores (0 and 1 for absent and present band, respectively) of resulting bands subjected to statistical analyses. Genetic diversity indices of ISSR markers in the studied sugar beet genotypes showed that UBC853 and UBC847 had the highest (0.38) and lowest (0.13) values of polymorphism information content respectively. Also UBC830 locus had the highest rate (4.32) of Shannon diversity index, which represents the genetic diversity among populations, whereas UBC847 had the lowest (0.58) Shannon index. Cluster analysis based on molecular data using Jaccard' s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method, classified the sugar beet genotypes into four major groups. Based on the results of principal components analysis, the first three principal components explained 72.67, 5.99 and 4.05 percent of total (82.72%) total variation indicating ISSR markers have good distribution in the whole genome. The classification of the sugar beet genotypes based on the first principal components, had similarities and differences with cluster analysis. Results of this study can be used in breeding programs of sugar beet.

In this research, considering the importance of drought and canola, an experiment was done as factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design using ten spring canola cultivars with hydroponic method in seedling stage and with induced of drought stress by PEG6000.Two weeks after of the stress induction and at the end of the rossete stage, samples were taken. The results showed that the value of morphological and physiological traits was declined under drought stress. Also the studied cultivars were varied in response to drought stress and in general, the most tolerant and sensitive cultivars for studied traits were SW5001 and Sarigol cultivars, respectively that to graduate studies on these two cultivars proteome analysis was performed. To study the pattern of protein, extraction of protein from leaf tissue was performed and the first dimension electrophoresis using IPG strips and second dimension electrophoresis was performed by SDS-PAGE technique and after the gels staining with commassie blue, gels imaging with scanner and protein analysis with PDQuest software was done. Finally a total of 25 protein spots between control plants and under drought stress for both cultivars were detected that of these, 15 protein spots were common between two cultivars and six unique protein spots for tolerant cultivar and four unique protein spots for susceptible cultivar. After detection these proteins with mass spectrometry, overall, the most common protein groups between two cultivars were involved proteins in photo-reaction of photosynthesis, Calvin cycle and detoxifying enzymes. In total, the most important cause of the sensitivity and tolerance of canola cultivars different expression and unique expression of proteins into cultivars and finally effects of them on other were obtained.

Fig mosaic disease is considered as the most common fig viral disease, which occurs worldwide. Fig badnavirus-1 (FBV-1) is one of the most important viruses involved in this viral disease. In the present research, phylogenetic relationship between the Iranian and other detected FBV-1 isolates was studied. A genomic fragment with an expected size about 1090 bp was amplified from the movement protein coding region of twelve virus isolates using specific primers. Amplified fragments were cloned in plasmid pTZ57R/T, and sequenced.Obtained sequences were phylogenetically compared with the corresponding isolates available in the GenBank after multiple alignments. The phylogenetic tree was drawn for the FBV-1 isolates based on the movement protein gene sequence. The studied isolates were categorized into two distinct phylogroups in which Iranian isolates were separated into two different subgroups in group I with 99% identity at the nucleotide level. Phylogeny on the basis of the amino acid sequences categorized isolates with 98-99٪ identity into three different groups. According to the results of this study, it could be concluded that genetic variation between Iranian isolates is less than that of American isolates, and additionally the genetic variation between the isolates is affected by the geographical condition.

Cotton is considered as one of the most important crops in the world and ranks the fourth economic crop in Iran. In past years, conventional plant breeders endeavored to increase cotton quality. To overcome the constraints that conventional breeding programs comprised, new genetic engineering technologies were introduced. Since then, many cotton events resistant to pests, disease, pesticides, abiotic stresses and also high quality of lint have been produced and commercialized around the world which has confronted a noticeable public acceptance. Today and with the advent of next generation sequencing methods in favor of easier identification of suitable candidate genes for their manipulation and novel targeted genome editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9), outstanding prospects regarding cotton breeding have been developed. In present article, history of cotton breeding including genetic engineering and genome editing researches which led to production of resistant cultivars to biotic and abiotic stresses and high quality fiber are reviewed.

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), as one of the most important forage crop plants, has high content of protein and Laysin. In order to assess the genetic diversity of 33 genotypes of grass pea, 20 semi-random primers were used in the present study. DNA was extracted by CTAB method. The ISJ data were analyzed and 77% of IT bands and 81% of ET bands were polymorphic. The results showed that the average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 3.95 and the highest amount of polymorphic information content and marker index was belonged to ET18-6 primer. According to the Jaccard's similarity coefficient, the range of similarity among studied genotypes was varied from 0.42 to 0.89. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method divided genotypes to 5 groups at cut of line in 0.71 similarity coefficient.The principle coordinates analysis showed that the first three components explained 74.65% of total variance indicating the restricted distribution of these ISJ markers at the grass pea genome. Present study is the first report on application of ISJ markers in grass pea, as important forage plant, which is hoped to be effective in the development of molecular breeding programs of this plant.