Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature
Year:2023 | Volume:25 | Issue:52|Papers Count:8

Jonayd-nameh is one of the long folk tales that was written in imitation of Hamzeh-nameh and as a prolgue to Abu Moslem-nameh. There are only two copies of this work: one in Turkish and the other in Persian; The Persian manuscript of which belongs to the end of the Qajar rule, which was edited by Hossein Ismaili and published at the beginning of the book of Abu Moslim-nameh. Although Jonayd-nameh is one of the religious-love fiction of popular literature, the important and noteworthy point about it is that its structure and language are close to Shahnameh narrative scrolls. In such a way that among the group of long Persian folk tales such as Darab-nameh, Samak Ayyar, Eskandar-nameh, Hamzeh-nameh, Abu Moslem-nameh, etc., this story is the most similar to Shah-nameh scrolls. In this article, using the descriptive-analytical method, the author has tried to analyze the influence of Jonayd-nameh from the Shahnameh scrolls ,from the perspective of language structure (with emphasis on formal sentences), story motifs, story models, establishing a kinship relationship for the characters of the story, and modeling of The stories of the Shahnameh and create new stories (in the manner of scrolls) .

Entekhabe-Muntakhab-ol-Tawarikh, abbreviated as Entekhab Muntakhab, is one of the historical texts of the 11th century, written by Abd-ol-Shakur Bin-Abd-ol-Vase Tattavi Hindustani, one of the secretaries of the Gurkanian Empire in India, in order to describe a summary of the general history of humankind from the beginning of creation to the author's living time (1084 A.H.). It has been written in the literary language in five articles consisting of different sections and chapters and dedicated to Aurangzeb, the 6th Gurkanian King. In this research, while introducing the work and its author using the existing manuscript and library sources, with a descriptive-analytical approach and employing the method of textual analysis, it has been tried to examine its stylistic features in three linguistic, literary, and intellectual areas. At the linguistic level, many Arabic, Turkish, and Indian words and expressions can be seen; some of which are attributed to the author's living period style and some to his literacy and literary knowledge. The book's prose in the description section is rhymed, different puns are used, and unique special allusions can be seen in it. From an intellectual point of view, the work contains valuable sociological and anthropological information that can be useful for researchers in this field. Although the manuscript's topic is general history, the inclusion of expressions, words, and information used in the author's lifetime can help examine the progress and development of Persian prose in Persian-speaking regions.

"Sharh Tohfat Ol-Iraqin" is the work of Gholam Mohammad Ghowsi, he has tried to explain the important points of Khaghani's poems with scientific-literal examples and definitions of that era, and this is why it is considered one of the best explanations of Persian literature, and certainly one of the Persian writers of the twelfth century. Expressing the delicacy of words, grammar, meanings, and expression will pave the way for researchers and students in describing the difficulties of the verses of "Tohfat Ol-Iraqin Khaqani". Ghousi based this commentary on the verses of "Tohfat Ol-Iraqin" or the "Khatm Ol-Gharaeb" and quoting the works of the predecessors and other written commentaries on this book and great dictionaries such as Farabi and Mir Sadr al-Din and dictionaries such as Resaleye Moayenat, the owner of Sahah, Hodoode Sanjari, etc. have been written. Identifying and correcting these works, in addition to their special literary position in describing and interpreting the difficulties of one of the important works in the field of poetry, mysticism, and Sufism, is also of special importance in explaining the scope of the Persian language in the field of poetry. This research has been done by the method of text analysis of the work and in a deductive way.

Social psychology is a science that investigates the interpersonal communications of an individual in the society. As one of the most important theories of this science, learning theory examines the attitudes, cognitions and judgments of individuals with different models. Laying emphasis on two factors of stimulability and response in this regard, Carl Hovland believes in changing attitudes in the three stages of attention, comprehension and acceptance during learning. In Persian literature, especially in didactic and mystical literature, the manifestation of such stages can be seen in abundance due to the educational nature of these works. Asrār al-tawḥīd by Muhammad ibn Monavvar, who narrates the deeds, words, and thoughts of Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr, is considered one of the mystical works with educational and social aspects, indicating the way of communication and interaction between the followed and the followers (disciples) on the basis of Carl Hovland's theory as well as the circumstances of effectiveness and a change of attitudes during his time. Therefore, through the use of descriptive method, some of the anecdotes of this work, which represent the method of communication between the followed and the followers (disciples) and a change of attitude, have been investigated and analyzed on the basis of Carl Hovland's theory. Based on the mentioned theory, the results revealed that in reading the anecdotes of the Asrār al-tawḥīd, the most important factor in changing attitudes in Asrār al-tawḥīd is the messenger and the most important sender of the message is Abū-Sa'īd, who conveys the common themes of Sufism

Manuscripts are the precious written heritage of any nation. Correcting and recognizing these texts is the first and most important step in reviving these works. One of the manuscripts that has not been studied and scientifically corrected by researchers is the manuscript of Dor Al-Majales by Seif-Al-Din Zafar Ibn Borhan Nobahari which is attributed to the seventh century AH because of calligraphy and writing style. This study aims to introduce briefly the manuscript of Dor Al-Majales and check its linguistic coordinates.The present study was conducted using content analysis method with library tools and descriptive-analytical method. The study area and population is the manuscript of Dor-Al-Majales preserved in the library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.Seven versions of the manuscript of Dor-Al-Majales are available in Iranian libraries based on the catalogs of manuscripts. There is no information about the author's name in the biographies. This manuscript is a kind of event writing as pemonstrative prose which contains a short introduction and thirty-three chapters. The themes of each chapter are educational, religious and historical concepts. The structure of this version in each chapter is as an anecdote in the anecdote. The most important excellent feature of style in Majales is the simplicity, fluency and easy-understanding its language and expression.By examining the manuscript of Dor-Al-Majales, the extent and quality of linguistic changes in phonetic, lexical and syntactic dimensions are largely understood. At the phonetic level of language, pemonstrative prose reveals spoken expressions.

Ahmad Jam one of the mystics of the 6th century and the first mystical tradition, has taken a lot of help from metaphor to express his mystical concepts. Most of the parables used in Ahmad Jam's works are short and descriptive and have a conceptual origin. According to this feature, in this article, the parables of Ahmed Jam have been analyzed in the field of conceptual metaphors to find out the cognitive areas of the parables. For this purpose, various types of parables used in Sheikh Jam's works have been identified. Then, the fields of knowledge on which the allegory was created have been determined. By analyzing and examining Ahmed Jam's purpose of using allegory in different cognitive fields and how he uses allegory, it has been revealed, and also how the connection between the elements of allegory, the realm of origin and the realm of destination in allegory, has been revealed. The findings of this research have shown that the cognitive areas of allegory in Ahmed Jam's works are very diverse and wide. He has chosen the cognitive areas of his allegories from everyday life and familiar matters close to the nature of his audience with the knowledge he had about the understanding of his audience. Such as politics, jobs, human appearance, plants, animals , geographical and biological conditions, as well as the fields of knowledge of Sheikh Jam's allegories are rooted in his religious perspective and Quranic vision and are influenced by habits and customs and social class.

The present text is the introduction of Bital Bachisi Sanskrit and the identification of two anonymous Persian translations of this work. This study, by examining the list of manuscripts and the introduction of Urdu and English translations of the work and using library sources, in addition to examining the ancient background of this Sanskrit work and the name of the original author, has gained knowledge of two Persian manuscripts. The history of Bital Bachisi Sanskrit goes back to ancient India and even the Pahlavi language. This book is the ninth part of the twelfth book of the Hindu antiquity, Kata Sarit Sagara, compiled in the 11th century by Somadua at the request of Suryabati, Queen of Kashmir, to entertain her granddaughter. Kata Sarit Sagara, a summary of Varihat Kata, a sixth-century AD poem by Gonadieh. Gonadieh used the language of Paisachi, which originates in the Pahlavi language, to compose this poem. Bital stories were first translated into Persian by Mullah Ahmad in the years (823/875 - 1420/1470). Tohfatol-Majales and Bital Ajam are two Persian translations of this work, the first of which was translated by Raj karn in 1103 AH and the second by Madhu Kishan before 1245 AH. The introduction of this ancient work and its Persian translations as representatives of Persian translations of Sanskrit works and examples of fiction prose style of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries AH is important.

One of the most significant Persian histories is Jami’ al-Tawarikh by Khajeh Rashid al-Din Hamadani. It includes the chronicles of different ethnic groups and nations. Its “history of Iran and Islam section” was textually criticized by Mohammad Roshan based on the manuscript of the Archive and Library of the Topkapı Palace Museum in Istanbul, No. 1653, and published by Mirath Makhtub Publishing House. This manuscript is a collection of chronicles by Hafez Abrous that Mirath Maktub has published its translation. There are several errors and slips in the textually criticized text. The proofreader could not read words, he replaced them with dotted lines. In the present article, the errors were corrected, and some words replaced by dotted lines were identified. The correction method is comparative: Roshan’s textually criticized text was compared with the translation of (Majma ul-Tawarikh) and the correct forms of some of the wrong words were retrieved. In the cases of dotted lines, the text was supplemented. The research result shows that the number of errors in the textual critic’s manuscript and the number of cases left blank are considerable. Apparently, one of the main reasons that caused the textual critic to slip in reading some words or leave them blank is that most of the words in the manuscript were the basis. This article aims to make the next edition of this section more complete by showing these flaws and errors, presenting the correct forms, and completing the parts with dotted lines.