JOURNAL OF URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2020 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (15)|Papers Count:14

Objective: The rapid growth of the tourism industry due to the accelerated growth of revenue in this field in recent decades, and the constant change and uncertainty of high impact events in this sector, on the other hand, the necessity of using new methods of future research and Long and longterm planning has made it more visible. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to formulate future tourism scenarios and test the viability of sustainable social tourism strategies. Methods: In the present study, a combination of Delphi methods, PEST environmental scanning and interaction effects was used. Key parameters of sustainable social tourism were integrated and identified by key expert uncertainties using Interaction Analysis Questionnaire. Then, using the key uncertainties of the three scenarios, namely golden (optimistic), predictable (appropriate) and recessionary (pessimistic) future. Results: Unique historical background and attractions, specialized management, system planning and foreign policy and international relations of the most influential parameters and the world city of Zilo, competitive services and amenities, quality of land and air network network and promotion Technology in tourism has been identified as one of the most influential parameters, secondary lever exchange rate variations, market control of water and customs, and independent variable rituals. Capacity building for tourism in the age of communication and social cohesion is also considered as regulatory variables in sustainable social tourism. Conclusions: The results obtained from the analysis and evaluation of sustainable social tourism strategies indicate that some strategies are useful and robust in only one or two scenarios and weak in others. Therefore, it is necessary to consider multifaceted strategies that can respond to situations in different situations.

Objective: return migration is a desirable phenomenon that has been of great importance to planners in recent decades, due to its favorable socio-economic and spatial-spatial consequences. The purpose of this study is evaluate the status of return migration in rural areas around Zahedan. Methods: The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. For data gathering, field method was used by expert’ s questionnaire. The sample community includes trustees, and village councilors. Return migration status evaluate by MOORA, regression and correlation model. Results: The results of the relative comparison of the villages around Zahedan in terms of return migration show that the village of Manzalab, Chanali, Khirabad low respectively. They had the best reverse immigration situation. The result of regression model showed that 6 components predict 62% of reverse migration changes. According to the results of the regression, the institutional and then economic and human factors are the main drivers of migration. indicators such as preparation, implementation, deprivation and employment plans by rural authorities, relative value of rural consumer inputs, quality of virtual communications. And ease of access to information, efficiency of local authorities in attracting public funding and development of rural infrastructure, and cost-benefit had the highest Beta coefficient. Conclusion: Reverse migration to villages around Zahedan is happening at a different rate and the continuation and reinforcement of this process requires good planning to improve the institutional quality, efficiency of the authorities and to provide the basic infrastructure of the villages.

Objective: Green spaces and parks should certainly be considered as one of the most fundamental factors in sustainability of natural and human life; if properly planned, they will have a beneficial impact on health of human body and soul. However, the optimal allocation of land to green space in cities is one of the most important tasks of urban planners. This study proposed the approach of developing pocket parks through citizen participation as one of the most effective ways to compensate for the lack of green space in urban areas. Methods: This was applied descriptive-analytical study. The library study and field observation (structured interview using questionnaire) was conducted for collecting the data. The study was conducted in Zibashahr and Amir Kabir (population= 13907). The sample size was determined to be 374 people. Due to similar population at two regions, 187 questionnaires were distributed at each region. Using SPSS software, the one sample t-test, ANOVA, and path analysis method were used for analyzing the data. Results: The findings showed that the impact coefficient of indices on development of pocket parks in Zabashahr and Amir Kabir neighborhoods is equal to 26. 98 and 25. 5, respectively. On the other hand, according to path analysis, the NGO component (total effect= 0. 507) and sense of belonging (total effect= 0. 432) had the highest impact on development of pocket parks in study area. Conclusion: The findings showed that the contribution in development of Zibashahr and Amir Kabir areas may be a source of reassurance for development of pocket parks.

Objective: Current century is named extra complexities age and security is one of the Substantial factors of development in human societies. The other meaning, security is prerequisite for social, economic, cultural and political development and associates to development levels of each society and for this reason, awareness of a society security statue has impressive role in problems cognition and their infrastructure enhancement. Methods: These research data are obtained through predicative studying (statistic annals of Yazd). In this research for weighting indexes, we use Delphi technique and for data analyzing ARAS technique and for spatial analyzing IDW model. Results: The research conclusions show that Meybod town has the best quality with score: 1 and Yazd town has the worst condition with score: 0. 431 in citizenship security. Northwest and south from yazd are rather balanced in security sense and central districts of Yazd (Taft and Bafgh) have the less density than other places Conclusion: Spatial Distribution of Citizenship Sense of Security in Yazd Province does not follow variables such as population size, bureaucratic congestion and extent. The ranking of Yazd city with the highest population density and administrative-military density and being the urban center of Yazd province illustrates this.

Objective: Desirable spatial distribution of landuses, in the planning and management of landuse, is one of the fundamental parameters for the realization of sustainable development. In present era, due to population growth and technological advancement, the phenomenon of land degradation is taking place and expanding in form of conversion a large part of land with use of forest and pasture land to residential and industrial areas. Therefore, present study uses remote sensing and GIS data to monitor landuse change in Mobarakeh during the period of 30 years (1985-2015). Methods: To achieve goals, Landsat satellite images, MSS and OLI sensors from 1985 and 2015 were used. Thus, after preprocessing steps including the radiometric and atmospheric correction, band stack, mosaic images and separating the study area, the images were classified using maximum likelihood method and landuse map was prepared at two time intervals. Then, variation type of each landuse was estimated using image difference method over the period 1985 to 2015 and their area was calculated. Results: Results showed that area of industrial land which was 9. 16 km2 in 1985, was increased to 20. 33 km2 in 2015. During this period, area of agriculture, range and forest lands have been reduced 38. 75, 18 and 1. 45 km2 (5. 09, 2. 37 and 0. 19%) respectively, and extent of industrial, urban, degraded and barren lands have been expanded 11. 17, 9. 46, 16. 14 and 7. 1 km2 (1. 47, 1. 24, 2. 12 and 0. 93%) respectively. Conclusion: landuse changes from agriculture and rangeland to industryial and residential lands at the 7. 46% during the three decades from 1985 to 2015 has led to more intense exploitation from ecosystem resources and ultimately caused instability in Mobarakeh. Therefore, in order to apply correct environment management in this area, it is necessary to restrict any action, such as landuse change, so that it does not result to more severe ecosystem degradation.

Objective: Social cohesion and lack of distinction among individuals based on their socioeconomic features are considered among the most critical goals of Islam, which are called mix communities or diversity in the urban environments these days. Despite the importance of forming mix communities, nowadays cities are encountered with geographical and societal segregation and its consequences such as poverty, deprivation, social distance, individualism and lack of identity, joblessness, stigmatisation and the loss of out-group interactions. Thus, identifying the factors involved in the non-formation of mix communities in cities can contribute to the implementation of Islam's idea and planners to support mix communities as an anti-segregation policy. Methods: Therefore, barriers to the formation of mixed communities were identified through conducting a content analysis in studies dedicated to urban segregation in Iranian cities. Hence, 37 studies which were conducted between 1993-2016, were recognised and considered as data fo the current research. Results: Results suggested that socioeconomic and governmental interventions factors play more critical roles than other factors in the emergence of urban segregation, either geographical or sociological. The Kramer correlation among these factors also indicated that government interventions have a strong association with socioeconomic and land market factors. Therefore, It can be concluded that governmental decisions and interventions are the primary sources of individuals segregation which hinder mixed communities from shaping. Uneven distribution of goods and services, discriminatory policies and ignoring rural-urban areas are among the most prominent factors led to segregation which are caused by the government. Conclusion: Therefore, the most significant challenge which hinders mixed communities from forming is a governmental intervention which not only affected socioeconomic and lands market factors but affected cities and citizens too.

Objective: Nowadays, coastal areas and the cities in it are considered as the most important components and elements of the urban system. Coastal cities are always vulnerable to damages from the environmental hazards and ignoring them will be problematic. Methods: This is a applied research and it is done by descriptive-analytical method that is based on library and statistics information. At first, factors affecting the social vulnerability of cities were identified and then all cities were classified in homogeneous groups and then were evaluated by GWR model. Results: The results showed that factors of lack of access to energy and fuel resources, social, physical, economic, dependent population, lack of access to healthy drinking water sources and population flotation had the most impact on social vulnerability of the studied cities. Also, the results of the cluster analysis model revealed that cities are classified in five clusters. Conclusion: It can be said that the resulting factors covers almost all the underlying causes of social vulnerability. Also, according to the results, the most investment is needed to address the vulnerability of the lack of access to energy and fuel resources, as the vulnerability of households is more in this area. Also, due to the similar socioeconomic status of households in the cities of Bushehr province, the social vulnerability of most cities in this province is close to each other. Finally, it can be concluded that due to the inappropriate economic and social conditions of households who are living in coastal cities as well as the occurrence of natural hazards in the area, people living in these cities have a high social vulnerability.

Objective: Security is one of the cornerstones of reaching a healthy society and having sustainable cities. One of the consequences of the worn out textures in cities is the reduction of security and, more importantly, the decrease in the sense of security among citizens, therefore, it is necessary to examine these spaces and assess their impact on citizens' sense of security. The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the creation of security feeling in the context of the worn-out neighborhoods of Dongonbadan. Methods: The type of research in this study is applied and analytical descriptive. The method of collecting information is also documentation-based. The sample size of the citizens was 389 people based on the Karajes and Morgan tables and for the community of employees of the offices 120 people were selected by random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results of the data obtained from the statistical population of the employees indicate that the role of the urban management agent with the highest average of 4. 54 and the lowest mean of 4 and 4. 20, respectively, are due to the weakness of social justice and existing laws in the community. Also, information obtained from citizens in this area indicates the effective role of the weakness of social justice, with the highest mean of 4. 14, and the next, blind and inactive points with a score of 4. 07 and the lowest average of 3. 45 that are in the rules of the community. Conclusion: Comparison between past and present research shows that, among the studies on social security in urban spaces, the results of Kiani et al. (2013) analysis and prioritization of environmental security strategies in Zabol city spaces is almost aligned.

Objective: The evaluation of urban land use reflects a clear picture of the city's perspective and how to allocate urban space to the needs of the city over time and in order to achieve the city's development goals. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of service utilities in Shiraz in a comprehensive and detailed plan and to examine the effective factors in its realization and non-fulfillment. Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytic. First, using library-related resources, the concepts related to the use of lands were investigated and then, using statistical methods, the level of feasibility of service utilization of the detailed plan was analyzed in Shiraz areas. Is. In order to achieve the research objectives in this study, the GIS and EXCEL software has been utilized by entropy method. Finally, using the ranking of the regions in terms of per capita utilization of service utilities in the regions relative to the proposed per capita of the master plan in 1368, has taken place. Results: The results show that the utilization rate of utilities for the comprehensive plan of Shiraz after more than two decades has not been realized. The analysis of the weighted model indicates that the 4, 2, 6 regions have the highest environmental sustainability and the lowest 1, 7, and 5 regions. Conclusion: This suggests that the spatial distribution of inappropriate and unfair service utilities in the area of the Shiraz area is inadequate, and analysis of the use of indicators of capacity and social justice indicates a quantitative and qualitative turmoil in the use of nine areas of Shiraz.

Objective: Mehr Housing is the largest government-funded housing project. The plan is to remove the decisive role of land prices in housing prices in order to facilitate access to affordable housing in addition to controlling housing prices. Methods: The present study is an applied type that is conducted by descriptive and analytical method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the study included all residents of Mehr Reza housing (N = 2400). Using the Bartlett et al. (2001) table, 145 households (head of households) were selected from households residing in the Mehr housing in question by random sampling. The tool used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done through correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and Smart PLS software. Results: structural equation modeling showed, policy and planning components (
= 0. 701, t = 14. 15), design principles (
= 0. 421, t = 6. 26), neighborhood interaction (
= 0. 2282, t = 3. 05), are explaining 66% of the variance of satisfaction with the Shahreza Mehr housing. Conclusion: In order to increase the satisfaction of low-income urban segments of Mehr housing, it is necessary to take into account such issues as policy and planning in this area, design principles and interactions with neighbors.

Objective: Nowadays immigration and issues about it are significantly important for urban planning. One of the issue that immigrants will face it is social mobility. The aim of this research is evaluating the condition that intergenerational social mobility of Afghan immigrants have in kashan. Methods: The current research is a kind of analytical-descriptive research. All the information gathered by field study, questionary instrument, and distribuing randomly among 150 out of 20 Thousands afghan people in kashan. This case study calculated by sample power software: confidence level: 95 percent, Probably error: 5 percent We use stastical test (T-test) in spss software inorder to describe analysis and elicit the information, on the other hand We utilize structural equation in Amos software to describe the modeling effects. Results: Reults of The test (T) shows that indexes such as appreciation, social confidence and cultural capital are meaningful in social mobility. Besides, derived analysis and information of structural equation modeling shows that among all calculated indexes, The index of acquisitive-intellectual-cultural capital allocated the most bar (0. 98 weight, first rank) to itself. And more than other factor has effect on intergenerational Mobility of Afghan people in kashan. The factor of intellectual-cultural after than acquisitive-intellectual placed in the 2nd rank with bar 0. 85. Respectively, Other facters are: Tangable cultural capital= 0/82, Appreciation:-0. 26, Social confidence:-0. 22. Conclusion: After detailed analysis of mentioned indexes, the percent of confidence to relatives, study of book, being familiar with foreign language(English), exercising and individual attempt to get what he/she wants about intergenerational mobility Afghan people in kashan were identified.

Objective: Urban open spaces are one of the factors which give identity to the structure of historic neighborhoods in cities, and in many cases disregarding to their structural and semantic values has disrupted the historical sites by developmental projects. And this can be clearly seen in the historic center of Kerman. Since there are no documented and compiled studies on open and public spaces in the research area (sites belong to Qajar era in Kerman) and has affected the risk of destruction and alteration of historical sites integrity including open spaces, the recognition and documentation of human and natural ecological trends and causes in these spaces seems to be necessary. Methods: The present paper is a qualitative research with historical interpretative strategy that has been accomplished by a descriptive historical analysis method through the study of written documents, field survey and converting aerial photographs of different decades into metric maps. Results: The findings indicate that the presence of religious uses (mosque and especially Hosseiniyeh) play a key role in the mobility and durability of Kerman's open spaces, and the geometry and formation of these spaces is a regular organic geometry which spatial centrality is quite evident in the neighboring sites. The role of the human factor in investigating the evolution is much more than the natural factors. Conclusion: Due to the rapid demolition process in historical sites of Kerman and the elimination of open urban spaces one by one (and the undeniable role of human factors), revising the development policies and defining the specialized documentation projects in historical sites in order to connect the valuable past to the dynamic future with identity, seems to be necessary.

Objective: The destruction of the life support system, also known as the green infrastructures, is one of the challenges posed by population growth and increased land consumption. Green infrastructures are as essential to modern societies as conventional forms of infrastructures and their loss imposes hidden costs on the community. Green infrastructures are of the utmost importance today since they provide various ecological services to settlements. Methods: We first review the theoretical foundation as well as the available thematic documents of the district. We then study the green infrastructures of the district using Cartosat-1(IRS-P5) satellite imagery from 2008 to 2015. Results: we apply the principles of the comparative validity of research in the area of settlement classification to validate the future stages of the research. We have then attempted to detect variations using the model. In the next step, spatial planning factors including spatial distribution, expansion, neighborhood, and sufficiency have been analyzed using spatial statistics techniques in ArcMap. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the transformation and expansion of green infrastructures do not conform to the principles of spatial planning, which points to unbalanced spatial distribution, inconsistency, moderate adaptability, and the inadequacy of green infrastructures.

Objective: The present study, with a futuristic approach, will elaborate effective scenarios in the future of social resilience and provide effective strategies in this field. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of a combination of documentary and Methods: survey methods and in terms of its nature, based on the new method of futuristic, analytic and exploratory science that has been carried out using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. The statistical population of this research for the urban resilience Future Studies is of 45 urban experts who have been questioned and the results of their review have been used to identify the key factors for shaping social resilience in the future. Deployed forces are characterized by a Delphi method, and then these factors are prioritized and the most crucial determinants are determined by importance and uncertainty, and for future scenarios, the Micmac software has been used. Results: The results show in the resilience scatter diagram status variable and unstable social system prevailing Ahwaz social resilience. Finally, out of the 54 factors mentioned above, after examining the extent and which these factors affect each other and on the future status of these settlements in the output of Micmac software. Conclusion: The ten key factors with the highest direct and indirect impact on the future of Ahwaz's social resilience were identified: Income status, boycott, poverty, urban management weakness, increased migration, financial incentives, unemployment, reduced oil exports, worn out texture, weak institutions that play the most role in the future of social resilience in the Ahwaz metropolitan.