Journal of economics and regional development
Year:2019 | Volume:25 (NEW) | Issue:16|Papers Count:7

With the development of urbanization, financial needs of municipalities have increased. Nowadays, municipalities have the responsibility of providing public services in cities, but the annual budget allocated to them does not suffice to fulfill some needs. These financial needs have forced municipalities to use new methods to provide resources, including the third sector, that is, using donations and charity contributions. The present study aims at investigating people's willingness to pay a part of their financial resources in the form of donations (the third part) in order to fulfill urban public needs through conditional valuation. For this purpose, 613 questionnaires were distributed among groups of different incomes in the city of Isfahan. The data were analyzed using logit model. The results showed that people's willingness to donate is affected by the following seven variables: gender, awareness of urban needs, concern for the city, divine motives, clarity of the donation process, the existence of a reliable institution, and the offered prices. Each family in Isfahan was found eager to pay 641760 Rials (641760 Tomans) per month to support urban public services; therefore, the number will be 36 billion, 169 million Tomans per month for all the families living in Isfahan.

Considering the economic problems in the country and the need to strengthen the economic production based on the internal capacities of the national economy in line with the policies of the Moqavematy economy, identifying and removing barriers of production in various sectors of the economy seems necessary. Meanwhile, the nomadic community of the country, despite its brilliant background in national economy and its actual and potential capacity doesn’ t play a good role in national production. This society, which is productive in the economy, faces obstacles that have not only prevented the liberation of its capacities to boost national production, but also created some difficulty in the livelihood of nomadics. This paper attempts to identify obstacles in the role of tribes in the national production area and to propose appropriate solutions in accordance with the theory of resistance economics. The research methodology of this paper is based on library and field studies with the right balance approach. Based on this approach, the subject matter, the system of basic issues, the fundamental legal system, and the basic theory of the identified phenomenon, and the field of the duties of each of the responsible bodies, the rule of law are extracted and the role of each pillar will be identified. Finally, barriers of nomadic roles were categorized and presented by six main components of Moqavematy economy, including endogenous, extroversion, equity, knowledge, people, and Jihadi approach.

Introduction: Decomposition analysis has been extensively used to study the factors of changes of an aggregate indicator over time. Two popular decomposition techniques include index decomposition analysis (IDA) and structural decomposition analysis (SDA). These popular techniques in energy and emission have been developed independently. For almost two decades, the most widely used index decomposition analysis (IDA) approaches in energy and energy-related gas emission studies have been formulated using Laspeyres and Divisia index. Index decomposition analysis is now a popular analytical tool for policymaking in the national energy and environmental issues (Ang & Zhang, 2000).

Introduction: As stated by theoreticians, no factor can replace knowledge in the present-day economy; so that other production factors (such as labor and capital), which have been among the main contributing factors of development for decades, are also affected by such phenomenon. Accordingly, in the age of knowledge-based economics, many countries are seeking to develop their wealth creation through knowledge; thus, they seek to organize a mechanism in which knowledge is created based on the needs of society, which helps them pass through the path to maturity and evolution, and ultimately leads them to the wealth creation (Hasani, Rafiei & Bakhshiani, 2016). To measure the level of knowledge used in a country’ s products, there are several indicators one of which is the economic complexity index (Pazham & Salimifar, 2016) proposed by Hidalgo and Hausmann (2009); to measure the complexity of the countries’ economy (Hidalgo & Hausmann, 2009). The economic complexity approach can be used as a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of the countries’ national innovation systems. Many models have been introduced to assess and measure the success of innovation systems, but a more complex and more realistic approach to this measure can be demonstrated in the international arena. Thus, in this article; we first provided a very brief reference to the national innovation systems of the selected countries (including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Iran), then by introducing how to calculate economic complexity, opportunity gain and distance, we compared the comparative position of these countries while encountering economic complexity.

Introduction: Considering the benefits of national tourism industry development, many studies identified effective factors on tourism attraction. But most of these studies focus on foreign tourists and believe income and exchange rate are effective in tourist attraction. While due to Michel Porter’ s theory (1990), competitive advantage, to develop tourism industry first domestic tourism should be in consider. Porter believes the industries could succeed the global competition that, the firms of the industry promote their performance and ability by creating competition within the country. So, different region’ s competition within the country is important in tourism industry development. These items emphasize to consider the effective factors on different provinces' competitiveness about tourist attraction. So the study answers these questions: Which factors are effective on provinces competitiveness in tourist attraction and national tourism industry development? Which are the priorities of national tourism development due to the interactional effect between factors and long run casual relations?

The impact of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environment is a subject of intense debate among economists and environmentalists. Trade openness and FDI have been the important factors in economic growth in developing countries in recent years. In fact, despite the positive impact of these factors on economic growth in these countries, their environmental effects are considered as the main issue. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to assess how trade openness and FDI affects the environmental pollution in developing countries during the period 1980-2013.

Worn-out tissue is one of the important issues in public policy making, which has brought many consistent pursuits and interests during the past two decades in theoretical and practical fields (Samiei & Sayafzadeh, 2016). The urban ecological environment provides people with clean water resources and a comfortable living environment, both of which are the foundation of urban economic, social, and cultural development (Li et al., 2018). Hence, the presence of environmental contaminants, waste emissions, and noise pollution in these areas are threatening the comfort of the residents. This type of tissue, which can be found widely in different areas of around holy shrine in city of Mashhad, can cause a lot of damage and financial losses at the time of accidents. In addition, residence and work efficiency in this type of urban tissue have never had the desired performance. Thus, the importance and necessity of developing the economy of Mashhad through improvement and revitalization of the worn-out urban tissues surrounding the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza are such that the acceleration of the operational process of this project is one of the main concerns of the local and national authorities as well as all the related executive organizations who are in agreement on this issue. The national and super-national consequences of running this huge project along with the necessity of offering the desired services to the pilgrims of Imam Reza and the residents of the region have made the role of all the related organs and their direct presence in performing the predicted plans inevitable (Farhadian, 2015). Addressing this issue as a deep renovation reduces energy consumption level compared to pre-renovation levels both in the short term and the long term, typically by more than 60%, because the European concept of deep renovation has been adopted by the Global Building Performance Network (Femení as et al., 2018). Sustainable urban development is one of the most important challenges that humanity faces in the 21st century, which has called the attention of thinkers in various fields of study, especially the urban economy in relation to the worn-out tissues and its consequences. This article aims at presenting a local model of sustainable urban development for the Samen area of Mashhad to study the relationship between the indices of identifying the worn-out texture and sustainable urban development indices using structural equation modeling. Mashhad as the second religious macro-city in the world has faced many problems in terms of its worn-out and sustainable tissues, as well as the access to services and resources, and with the huge presence of the population of pilgrims, the urban economy has faced social and management problems. Therefore, this study was carried out using a survey method and a questionnaire to collect the data from a sample of 201 people who have been stripped of the tissue around the shrine that have left the tissue and their property. The statistical software SPSS 24 and LISREL 8. 8 was used for analysis. The results of sustainability evaluation of physical-technical, environmental, economic, and social indices in the worn-out tissue of Mashhad are explained as follow: In Group A, post physical-technical status of the tissue was positive as compared with the former condition (average of 13 in proportion to 18), the current environmental status was relatively positive as compared with the former status in the worn-out tissue (average of 10 to 13), the current economic status of household based on currency value of 2012 comparing with past was negative regarding the minimum and maximum amount of revenue and expense status which confirms the issue; social sustainability status of current SD was relatively negative comparing with the past (average of 84 to 77), and final status of sustainability indices before abandoning the tissue with 107 on average in proportion to after that with an average of 109 was relatively positive. In Group B, the average of physical-technical status was 15. That is, the place of residence of samples was physically neither proper nor improper, the environmental status with the mean of 10 was average as well, and the household economic status in comparison with the modified monthly income based on currency value of 2011 indicated the minimum saving condition for the people of this group. By comparing the average income of respondents (70 people who are about to assign) as 1420 thousand Toman and 1304 thousand Toman for average expenses, the issue could be further explored. The status of social sustainability indices based on the evaluated result of average (75) was assessed as the limits of minimum and maximum responses at an average level which indicate that social indices of those who are about to assign are neither proper nor improper. In sum, urban sustainability indices for this group of people with the average of 100 were average. In Group C, the physical-technical status with the average of 16 means the environmental status with an average of 15 was in average condition as well. The economic status of people in comparison with the modified monthly income based on the currency value of 2010 indicated minimum saving condition for the people of this group. Comparison of the claimed 1030 thousand Toman average income by respondents (170 owners) and the average expense 989 thousand Toman approved the issue. The status of social development indices based on the evaluated result of average (63) and concerning the limits of minimum and maximum answers have been assessed on a weak level which is an indicator of the status in which social indices are improper for the residents. Finally, urban sustainability indices by the average of 97 were average for the people of this group.