Journal of Inflammatory Diseases (The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Science)
Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:21|Papers Count:22

Background: Cephalosporin C (CPC) as a major precursor of semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics, is produced by species of Acremonium genus in certain conditions. Objective: To isolate and obtain the strains, detect their production and define optimum production and purification conditions. Methods: Selective media were used for soil screening program. Standard strains were obtained from DSMZ. CPC production was confirmed by biological and chromatographic (paper chromatography and HPLC) methods. Different kinds of media with various carbon and nitrogen sources were used to induce production. CPC were removed from the filtered and acid -treated broths by adsorption on a neutral macroporous resine (XAD - 4), followed by adsorption on a weakly basic ion - exchange resine (IRA -67). Findings: In soil screening program, a native CPC -producing strain was isolated. CPC production in this strain and also in standard strains was shown by different methods. Native and standard strains were differed in CPC production in various fermentation media. CPC was recovered and extracted from these media with acceptable purity. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used for large –scale production of CPC in Iran.      

Background: Amblyopia is a visual problem that causes decrease in visual acuity (visual error), strabimus and pscychosocial disturbance. On time diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia is of great importance. Objective: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia in 6-9 year old students of Qazvin province during 1990-2000. Methods: The visual ability of students were evaluated with standard Snekn chart by the hygienic officials. The students whose visual acuity werenot normal were referred to an ophthalmic clinic. Findings: The prevalence of amblyopia was 4.3% based on 8/10 at lower vision on snelen chart. The causative factors for amblyopia were reflective error (80%), strabisus (8%), ptosis (2.5%) and other causes such as macular hypoplasia, reflective errors sub one diopter and idiopathic causes (9.5%). The victoms (21%) were aware of their problem but were not under proper treatment and follow- up. Conclusion: On time diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia is an ideal method. Immunization of children and visual evaluation by hygienic officials and pediatricians is a safe and suitable method.      

Background: One of the essential approaches or necessary strategies for family planning in every population is the recognition of cultural, economic and social background of a society. Objective: To obtain the viewpoints of people about family planning. Methods: Through a qualitative research using Focus Group Discussion method, 16 groups including mares and female, Shieeh and Sonni Tollabs from suburbs and center of Zahedan city, were studied in 1999. Findings: People of the suburbs and Sonni Tollabs mentioned a lower age for marriage in comparison with other groups. Choosing a spouse, and the determining role of parents in the past, was mentioned by the majority of groups. They emphasized that youths have a high authority. In decision- making nowadays. The majority of groups mentioned that first childbirth occurs immediately after marriage. People of suburbs and Sonni Tollab agreed with limited number of children in comparison with other groups. Conclusion: AU the studied groups agreed with limited number of children but their different reasoning must be taken into account for conducting successful educational programs.      

Background: Most teaching hospitals are faced with incremental demands, crowd and further reference of patients as well as dissatisfaction of the clients in regard to the quality and access of services. Objective: To evaluate the factors involved in further reference of patients to the surgery departments of general teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences. Methods: Through a descriptive, cross- sectional case study, 6 teaching hospitals were selected and the samples consisted of patients who had further reference to surgery departments. The data was analyzed and gathered through a check list on 983 medical records of the patients. Findings: Further reference factors consisted of complications (93.3%), exploration (93.00%), insufficient treatment (13.4%), temporary discharge (10.2%), illness reappear (9.5%), infection (9.2%), operating cancel (4.6%), unknown (4.6%) and miss- diagnosis (2.1%). Conclusion: Complication was the most prevalent factor in further reference of patients. A reform and more focus on the heal1hcare quality on the side of the administrators is recommended.      

Background: Hearing impairment can have a negative effect on learning ability. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of ear disorders in elementary first grade students of Qazvin city in 1998. Methods: One thousand elementary first grade students were assessed with a questionnaire, otoscopyand screening audiometry hearing. The prevalence of ear disorders of these students were evaluated. Findings: It was revealed that 5.8% of elementary first grade students had hearing loss in which 62.1% of disorders were due to cerumen, 31.1% due to serius otitis media, and 5.1% due to sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of ear diseases and hearing loss in asymptomatic children and the related side effects, early screening of ear diseases is a health priority in the first year of life.      

Background: Selecting the most effective and less toxic drug in treatment of chemically injured patients of the imposed war is of great importance in therapy. Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect of salbutamol spray with combivent (combination of salbutamol with ipratropium bromide) in pulmonary function tests of lung injured patients of the imposed war. Method: In this study, 30 chemically injured patients of war under -went spirometry on the Baseline of VC , FEV1/FVC and MMEF . The patients were studied in two different sessions. In the first session, they were given sulbutamol spray (200 mcg) and spirometry was taken after 20 and 180 minutes. In the second session, all patients were given combivent and spirometry was taken in 20 and 180 minutes. Findings: The findings indicated that combivent is more effective than salbutamol alone in improving VC, FEV1/FVC and MMEF. The effects were more remarkable in 180 minute in  comparison to minute. Conclusion: It seems that combination of sulbutamol with ipratropum bromide has better action in bronchodilation in comparison with salbutamol alone in chemically injured war victims.      

Background: Light spectrum, irradiance and surface area of the infant exposed to phototherapy are key elements in determining the efficacy of phototherapy. Objective: To compare the effect of single phototherapy and double phototherapy in treatment of jaundiced neonates. Methods: This experiment was performed on term and preterm neonate in three groups (n=100), on the first ten days of life. The data was collected by the use of a questionnaire, containing information based on sex, gestational age, age in onset of therapy, weight in the onset and end of therapy, duration of phototherapy, range of bilirubin, and its side effects. The data was analyzed and compared by T- test. Findings: The average hours of phototherapy were 48.55 hrs, 45.63 hrs, and 42.83 hrs in the first, second and third group respectively. There was a significant relationship between groups and p value (P=0.0046). There was also a significant relationship between side effects and kinds of phototherapy (P=0.0425). Conclusion: Phototherapy with four lamp in distance of 20 cm above the neonate is best recommended.      

Background: Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative process involving changes in soft tissue and bone of intervertebral discs. Objective: To evaluate wrestling induced cervical spondylosis. Methods: 83 male wrestlers with the age range of 15 to 55 were randomly studied against 79 nonwrestlers of the same age. Clinical and radiological assessments were carried out and recorded in both groups. Wrestlers with clinical signs of CS and confirmed lateral radiograms were subjected to MRI studies to obviate any spinal cord changes. Findings: The findings indicated that wrestling coupled with advancing age can initiate the  process of CS. Cervical MRI of some wrestlers with long period of wrestling confirmed the pathologic changes of CS. Conclusion: It seems mandatory to have routine cervical radiographs to gauge the width of spinal canal and rule out stenosis to prevent the development of CS in young wrestlers.      

Ameloblastoma is the most commen odontogenic tumor and is treatment includes radical surgery of the region. Radical surgery causes major defects in mandible, so reconstruction of the surgery to deliver the natural function of the organ seems to be necessary. Jaw reconstruction in ameloblastoma surgery is often done simultaneous to or sometimes after the primary treatment of the tumor and reassurance to the lack of recurrence. Usage of miniplates is much better than macroplates due to their delicacy and their better compatibility with tissues. In this case report, the usage of miniplates in a patient with unicystic ameloblastoma has been examined.    

Background: It is believed that a few numbers of hypoxic cells in the center of tumors may survive after radiotherapy by X and γ - rays. Recently, application of neutron and compound radiation is the center of attention of radiotherapy modalities. Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperthermia on low dose of neutron induced chromosomal damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods: Each blood sample was separately exposed to hyperthermia, neutron radiation and radiation accompanying hyperthermia. Different type of damage was investigated after cell culture and chromosome analysis at metaphase stage. Findings: After harvesting and staining, chromosomal aberrations were scored for each specimen. Results indicated that hyperthermia at 41.5°c does not induce chromosomal damage but at 43°c, high frequency of damages were observed (P<0.05). Irradiation of cells with 6 cGy neutron produced high frequency of damages. The frequency of damages increased (P<0.05) and was more prevalent applying hyperthermia after neutron irradiation. Conclusion: Hyperthermia may be effected in inhibition of repair of neutron radiation damages. Frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased parallel to the increased duration of hyperthermia. The results indicated that the application of post irradiated hyperthermia may be a suitable modality for cancer treatment.      

Background: Severe excitement in adolescents may lead to physical, psychological and cognitive alteration and consequently induces aggression and incompatibility. Objective: To determine the tendency rate of aggression in adolescents and its relation to family functioning. Methods: Through a cross - sectional, random sampling study, 800 high school boys and girls (first to third grade) of Isfehan city were selected. The cases filled out a questionnaire containing Bloom criteria for family functioning and Isonic -Wilson personal test of tendency toward aggression. Findings: Distribution of tendency in most of the cases (40%) was moderate. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a reverse significant relationship between aggression and family functioning (P<0.0001, r=-0.275). T-test revealed no significant difference in aggression of boys and girls. Conclusion: It was revealed that suitable family functioning in relation to adolescents will decrease aggression.      

Background: Cerebral vascular complications are the most common neurologic disorders in adults and third cause of mortality in the world. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of intra- cerebral hemorrhage with respect to the site of haemorrhage and the related risk factors. Methods: 101 patients, suffering from intra- cerebral hemorrhage who was admitted in Bouali hospital from 1992 to 1999 were classified according to sex, age, history of hypertension, diabetics, hyperlipidemia, smoking and site of hemorrhage in brain. The data was statistically analyzed by computer. Findings: Basal ganglia (71 case), cerebral lobes (16 cases), thalamus (6 cases), ventricules and cerebellum (2 cases) were the most common site of hemorrhage respectively. The most prevalent risk factor was hypertension. Conclusion: Basal ganglia were the most common site of intra cerebral hemorrhage. Control and correct management of hypertension is important in decreasing the incidence rate of mortality and morbidity of intra cerebral baemorrhage.      

Background: Workers of mines may be afflicted to pulmonary diseases by inhalation of abundant dusts produced by mine- caving. Objective: To investigate respiratory symptoms and pulmonary pathological lesions in workers of Emarat underground mine. Methods: Through an analytic study, all workers of Emarat underground mine (34 workers) and a control group (67 workers) was studied in 1997. The data was gathered by a questionnaire which was accomplished by face to face interview and chest radiography which was investigated by a pulmonary specialist. The data was statistically analyzed by t test, Fisher exact test and chi- square test. Findings: The rate of respiratory symptoms including coughing, sputum, dyspnea and tightness in underground workers were 47.1%, 47.1%, 41.2% and 29.4% and in the control group were 6%, 6%, 6% and 1.5% respectively. The statistical analysis of chi- square and fisher tests indicated that there was a significant difference in the frequency of respiratory symptoms among two groups. The rate of pulmonary pathological lesion in underground miners and control group were 27.3% and 4.1% respectively. The fisher test indicated a significant difference in the pulmonary pathological lesions of two groups (P= 0.005). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the symptoms and lesions of respiratory tract are probably caused by dust.