JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2004 | Volume:54-55 | Issue:168-169|Papers Count:9

In this research, the Arabic word order in the framework of "Government and Binding" theory has been scientifically explained. Linguists do not agree on the word order in Arabic, but here the viewpoints of the ancient Muslim grammarians has been surveyed. The main research hypothesis in this study is that the unmarked word order of this language is a "VSO"one.

Imam Ali (p.) having lots of various virtues and many excellent traits is the major and unique source for the pious people and the mystics" wonderful works. Jalal AI-Din Muhammad Mowlawi, being highly influenced by his love and affection, on the basis of his victorious fight against Amr Ibn Abdiwad in "Ditch Battle", has stated his various virtues tlirough his enemy"s speech. In this research it has been tried to put forward these virtues and traits and support them with the Qur" anic verses.Some of these virtues are sincerity, being God"s lion, not having any evil at an a pioneer and volunteer fighter, the Prophets" honor, etc.

The ways and methods of sense, experience, and wisdom in cognition were presented and mentioned in the pre - Plato era in the Greek philosophy. Plato believed in sense, guessing, and reasoning but Aristotle believed in wisdom only. The Muslim philosophers got acquainted with the Greek philosophy through the schools of Roha, Nasibin, Harran, and Jondi Shapoor. Of course, at that time there were philosophers being for or against philosophy in the Muslim world. Among the Islamic mystics who were against, Ayn Al-Quda, an outstanding figure had certain interpretations of his own through his belief in the "insight". In addition to determining and explaining the territories of sense and wisdom in cognition, he believed in the insight and the manner beyond wisdom. In this respect, his viewpoints and some characteristics, along with the similarities and differences and the holy revelation, "wahy", and the position of each of these categories in cognition and their shortages have been investigated and thoroughly discussed

The Shahnameh written by ferdowsi is the Iranian cultural identity. Throughits fluent language,it has alway been a significant source for the other Persian literary works. Although it is not a mystical text, it may befound in our major mystical works.Thissort of approach and attitude demonstrates that there has never been any separation between Islam and the Iranian culture and traditions. Hence,the great Persian poet, Mowlavi applying the herose and customs of Shahnameh in his literary works hasa very specific and outstanding position among the other mystics.

The circumstances under which the ancient city of "Bam" wasfounded, just like the other ancient urban establishments in Iran, are quite obscure. The scientific infonnation of this research has been drawn out of some historical texts written by the Muslim historians and the travelers,officials, etc. concerning the formation, development, abandonment, and deconstruction processes in Bam region. It may be concluded that although this city and its fortifications have been repeately ruined, it has been continually inhabited. No single phase of mass abandonment has taken place. Certain major changes have been done as well.

In this research, the most urgent problems of the Persian language has been investigated. An advanced form of Persian has been discussed. Persian, while maintaining its historical and cultural identity,shows an extensive capacity in producing and transferring the human knowledge, along with the global change. It has never been influenced by the other world languages in a passive manner. The Persian language has always had an appropriate interaction with the distinguished languages such as Arabic, English, French, Russian, etc.

In this research, a survey of the sacred symbols of the naturere surrection has been done. The researcher has investigated and analyzed the categories such as the ritual death of plants (being ritually honored,a symbol of human), the season shift (a symbol of the change in human characters), the rebirth of the sun inside the petals of morning glolry flower (the rebirth symbol of man), the metamorphosisin the from of a plant in the oppressed murder of mankind, etc. in the poetical masterpieces of the great Persian poets such as Roodaki, Ferdowsi, Naser Khosro, Khaghani, Nezami, Sana"i, Mowlawi, and Hafez.

If oneasks one hundred people with different positions, ,jobs, education, social and cultural status, etc. about the term "destiny", each of them may answer in a quite different way. Is the word "destiny" an excuse for being irresponsible? In this research, a comparative study has been done between the term "destiny" and its derivatives in the Glorious QUr"an and the Qur"anic verses concerning the human efforts and decision-making. Then the term "destiny" has been exactly defined. It has also been demonstrated that many events and tasks being attributed to the "destiny" are due to the lack of an exact definition for this term. Then the reasons for believingin "destiny" only and the function of literature in this respect have been scientifically discussed. At the end, the strengths and weaknesses of this sort of belief in "destiny" have been put forward.

This research is concerned with the "textualcriticism" in Qajar Period. At first, an introduction to the subject has been presented and then some researches concerning the most important texts being edited and printed in this period has been introduced and surveyed.The main aim of this research is to introduce and demonstrate the first samplesof the "textual criticism" in Iran.