INTERNATIONAL STUDIES JOURNAL
Year:2020 | Volume:16 | Issue:3 (63)|Papers Count:6

The Islamic Republic of Iran is an important regional power in the Middle East, which has greatly strengthened its influence among the Shiites and other groups in the region. In the meantime, Iran's relationship with Syria is regarded as strategic ties, among which the reasons are: The existence of the Alawite government in Syria, helping Iran in Iraqi imposed war, the presence of Syria in the first line of resistance against the Israeli regime and the existence of a line of Iranian support for the Lebanese Hezbollah in Syria that have caused Iran to respond to any kind of crisis in that country. The recent crisis in Syria began in 2011, during which protests by Homs citizens turned into civil war by bringing in Takfiri terrorist groups from foreign countries. Therefore, in support of the Syrian government, Iran entered into this crisis which was both a comprehensive support and an advisory one. According to this argument, the question of this article is that what is the quantity and quality of the presence of Iranian military advisers in Syria and what kind of purpose is being pursued? To answer this question, the causative and non-descriptive research method has been used and its purpose is to examine various dimensions of this presence and its causes. The overall result of the article is that Iran has entered the country's crisis with the aim of preserving the survival of the Syrian government and in the context of its comprehensive support, has expanded its military advisers to a large extent, which aims to increase its national security.

Discourses in Foreign Policy are Important, especially as case studies in International Relations. They articulate floating signs from the discourses of each country around their central sign and turn them into moment. By creating a nonrival, they identify foreign relations of the countries. Then, they recognize other discourses and compete with them. In today's Middle East, given that the region has always been tense, the three discourses of the Islamic Revolution on the part of Iran, moderate Islam on the part of Turkey, and Salafi-Takfiri on the part of Saudi Arabia have identified each other as non-identical and are competing with each other. Because every discourse seeks to be hegemonic, these discourses also seek to maximize their influence in the Middle East. Despite of the presence of such discourses, the purpose of this article is to compare them. Therefore, the main question of this article is that "in comparing the above-mentioned discourses, which is guided by the three regional powers of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, what are the similarities and differences? To answer this question, the research method is debate and comparative. The general conclusion of the article also shows that the three discourses of the Islamic Revolution, moderate Islam, and Salafi-Takfiri are all derived from the floating signs of Islam. However, considering the cultural, religious, social, political and historical situation of the three countries of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, in various forms around the different central signs, they are articulated and reject each other as rivals.

After World War II, Latin America entered into the process of regional convergence, and in the 21st century, it has followed the same path and has sought greater convergence. However, this path has not been smooth and has been affected by internal, regional and international developments and has resulted in various forms. This article seeks to answer the question of how successful the Latin American economic integration process has been in regional trade and economic development. The current study is based on the hypothesis that Latin America has been successful in integrating trade policies with other parts of the world. However, this has not been accompanied by trade diversification and an increase in the share of world trade, and consequently has not led to an increase in the level of economic development in the region. The existing literature in this field can be divided into two groups. The first group believes that trade convergence between the larger countries in the region has been more successful and smaller countries do not benefit from regional integration because of their dependence on bilateral relations with the United States and Europe. The second group believes that the entire Latin American region is interested in trade convergence but because it has no desire for financial and economic convergence, it cannot take advantage of it and increase its share of world trade. In order to study and test the research hypothesis, an attempt will be made to study the economic and commercial organizations of Latin America using a descriptiveanalytical method and to analyze their achievements.

Start-up financing is one of the challenges of the international financial system. The aim of this study is to explain the challenges and analyze the solutions provided by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the European Union's legal system in this regard. The overall result is the granting of FinTech loans to finance businesses. The main question of the present study is what are the challenges of granting FinTech loans and the solutions available in this field? The current hypothesis is that the most important challenges in obtaining these loans in the field of information collection of loan applicants are by credit companies and the challenges associated with protecting the privacy of individuals in storing and processing their information. The present study is a documentary and analytical approach with an analytical study of the solutions provided by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and the principles governing the EU legal system, legislative and executive policies in the implementation of decentralized platforms and smart contracts and the adoption of effective regulations in accreditation. And it has suggested how to exchange virtual currencies and orient the way credit companies operate as solutions to these challenges.

Today, environmental protection, in the light of global cooperation as development, is one of the examples of international convergence, while global sustainability is significantly affected by economic growth and social change, which is important in line with development in the light of interactions, International agreements and cooperation is emerging. This is achieved through the creation of rigorous and consistent frameworks and a focus on sustainable innovation and green growth with a focus on protecting the environment prosperity doubles. In this research, we aim to analyze the path of development and convergence in the Nile towards environmental protection. In this regard, the present study aims at protecting the environment and explaining the role of governments against challenges by relying on international integration and the integration of laws as an important international issue and legal challenges of international integration. The findings of this study indicate that environmental threats pose a great danger and human rights have been attacked in the face of the natural and human environment. Wherever possible, enhancing international convergence to achieve environmental protection is seen as an essential policy value and priority and is a fundamental strategy for controlling environmental hazards and an effective approach to balancing sustainable development.

The aggressive policy of the new Saudi leadership towards Iran is one of the most important issues in the region, which has attracted the attention of many governments in the region and the world and represents the formation of a new kind of Saudi anti-Iranian action against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The new Saudi leadership headed by Mohammed Bin Salman, has been offensive towards the Islamic Republic of Iran and has sought to contain and control the Islamic Republic in the region through a balanced strategy. In the meantime, outward balancing has been one of the Saudi Arabia's key strategies against Islamic Republic of Iran which in this study has been considered. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question of how the new Saudi leaders have taken advantage of the outward balance to contain and control the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region. The study concludes that Saudi Arabia has used three basic mechanisms of alliance with the states of the region, closeness to Israel and closeness and alliance with the United States to balance the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research has used an analytical-descriptive method to strengthen this hypothesis. Given the main question of the research, the purpose of this paper is to show how has Saudi Arabia's extroverted balance been used to control Iran's hegemony?