Armaghane Danesh
Year:2020 | Volume:24 | Issue:5 ((2) 136)|Papers Count:10

Background & aim: MYH7 and MYH7β genes play important roles in cardiac function. Endurance activity, on the other hand, challenges the structure and function of the heart. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of 14 weeks of endurance training on MYH7 and MYH7β gene expression and left ventricular structural changes in male Wistar rats. Methods: In the present experimental research, 14 rats weighing 113± 20gr under controlled conditions (temperature, light and dark cycle, free access to food and water) were retained. After exposure (231± 24g), they were randomly divided into control (7) and experimental (7) groups. The experimental group completed a program (30 m/min, 50 min/session, 6 sessions/week for 14 weeks) on the treadmill and then anesthetized and described 48 hours after the last training session with the control group. Then their hearts and their left ventricles were removed and MYH7 and MYH7β gene expression levels were measured using Real time-PCR. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t-tests. Results: The results of the present study indicated that cardiac weight gain and MYH7 and MYH7β gene expression were increased in the exercise group, meaning that endurance exercise significantly increased the heart to body weight ratio in the experimental group compared to the control group. Expression of MYH7 and MYH7β genes was not significantly higher in the experimental group (p = 0. 005) (p = 0. 001). Conclusion: It seemed that the endurance training induced remodeling which was indicated by hypertrophy and it coincided with increasing of MYH7 and MYH7b genes expression. This may be part of an improvement in cardiac function due to exercise activity due to increased expression of these genes.

Background & aim: Type 2 diabetes exerts oxidative and anti-angiogenic effects through different pathways in the heart tissue. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of 4 weeks aerobic training on oxidative stress and angiogenesis in cardiac tissue of male rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In the present experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal diabetic groups with aerobic training, diabetic control group and healthy control group. Induction of type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The incremental aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 4 weeks, 5 sessions per week of running on the treadmill at a speed of 20 m/min for 60 min. ROS and NO levels were measured by spectrophotometer and colorimetric respectively. Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF genes were evaluated by Real time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: the results revealed that type 2 diabetes significantly increased ROS (p<0. 05) and decreased NO (p<0. 05), HIF-1α (p<0. 05) and VEGF (p>0. 05) compared with control group. Aerobic training significantly decreased ROS (p<0. 05) and NO (p<0. 05) and increased HIF-1α (p<0. 05) and VEGF (p<0. 05) genes respectively in comparison with the control group. Also, aerobic training significantly reduced glucose (p<0. 05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes increased oxidative stress in heart tissue and disrupted the process of angiogenesis in diabetic heart. Aerobic exercise seemed to have a positive effect on the process of angiogenesis by decreasing ROS and can improve diabetic heart.

Background & aim: Reactive oxygen species are produced during acute exercise and caused cellular damage. Anti-oxidative intake may reduce oxidative stress by such exercises. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term colostrum supplementation on serum levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity induced by acute resistance on healthy men. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research and applied with a crossover design with an experimental group that was on a group of 10 healthy students aged 20 to 24 years of Birjand University which was designed to control individual differences. The researchers used quasi-experimental and cross sectional method with an experimental group. Subjects participated in resistance exercise training(80% of 1RM, 3 sets, 8-10 repetitions, recovery between sets and training respectively were 1 and 2 minutes). Blood sampling was performed 4 times, 2 times before colostrum intake and 2 times after colostrum intake. First blood sampling was performed before training and 12 hours of fasting. Second blood sampling was performed after resistance exercise training. After that, subjects received powdered colostrum(20 gr) every other day for two weeks. After two weeks of supplementation intake, final blood sampling was taken again. Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality of data and ANOVA with repeated measure and LSD test were used to assess difference between pretest and posttest. Significant level was set at α <0. 05. Results: The results indicated that two weeks consumption of colostrum supplementation did not significantly change the malondialdehyde index(p=0. 16), while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased(p=0. 01). p). But two weeks after short-term colostrum supplementation resulted in the decreas of the concentration of malondialdehyde index (p=0. 001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (p=0. 2) after a session of acute resistance exercise. Conclusion: It seemed that colostrum may be used as a natural supplementation due to antioxidant properties and oxidative stress during acute resistance training, as well as body’ s need vitamins and micronutrients imbalance supplement to reduce and inhibition of oxidative stress.

Background & aim: Iran is one of the unique producers of antidote in the Middle East. The production of high-grade therapeutic serums and fewer side effects have a major impact on public health. Using sports activities as a non-pharmaceutical method can play an important role in maintaining and promoting animal health. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on liver enzymatic factors aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in horse breeding horses. Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2016, 16 horses in the antidote production cycle were randomly divided into two groups of venom and venom+training group for 22 weeks. The training protocol consisted of 3 sessions of aerobic exercise per week with moderate intensity. Blood samples were taken from weed vein at 3 different times: before the start of the protocol, at the end of the 11-week period, and at the end of the 22-week period. The activity of liver enzymes of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT was evaluated using Pars test kits manufactured using auto analyzer. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measure ANOVA with LSD test and SPSS 21 for data analysis at alpha level less than 0. 05. Results: The data analysis indicated a significant decrease in the activity of ALP and GGT enzymes after 22 weeks of aerobic exercise training in the venom + training group (p=0. 03). There was also a significant decrease in the activity of AST (p=0. 02) and ALT (p=0. 001) enzymes as a result of exercise training compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aerobic training seems to be effective in promoting horse health and reducing the effects of venom by reducing the levels of liver enzymatic activity(AST, ALT, GGT, ALP) in antidote producing horses. Further research in this area is recommended.

Background & aim: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease and may lead to pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but physical activity (resistance training) modulates some intracellular signaling pathways associated with the regulation of hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of resistance training on the expression of cardiovascular regulatory genes in obese male rats. Methods: In the present experimental study which was conducted in 2016, 18 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups of healthy control, obesity control and resistance training, after eight weeks of using high fat diet. The rats were dissected 48 hours after exercise protocol and their heart muscle was separated. The expression of genes (AMPK, mTOR, S6K, 4EBP, COL1, COL3, AngII) was determined by Real time-PCR technique. The amount of transgene was calculated by CT-2Δ Δ method. Data were analyzed by statistical tests. Independent t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that the resistance training group compared to the control group showed an increase in expression of mTOR(p=0. 003), 4EBP (p=0. 004), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, expression of S6K (p=0. 002) AMPK (p=0. 008) increased significantly. Also, there was a decrease in the expression of collagen 1 (p=0. 003), collagen 3 (p=0. 001) Ang II (p=0. 001) which were statistically significant. Conclusion: Obesity in rats seemed to induce cardiac pathological hypertrophy and accelerate the process of cardiac senescence, but resistance training, which was a suitable replacement, partially reduced the negative effects of obesity on cardiac function in the process of cardiac senescence.

Background & aim: Marital infidelity is considered to be one of the most important traumatic factors for couples and families, and it is also a prevalent phenomenon for family and marital therapists. One of the consequences of marital infidelity is rumination in the spouse affected by infidelity. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group compassion-focused therapy on rumination in women affected by marital infidelity. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental study conducted by pretest-posttest and follow up with control group design. The current research population included all the women affected by marital infidelity who referred to Rastin, Aram, Taranom, and Baran psychological and counselling services centers in Gorgan, Iran, in 2019. The research sample composed of 24 women who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were put into experiment and control groups by random assignment method (12 subjects per group). Both groups were assessed using Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow’ s ruminative response scale in pretest, posttest, and follow up stages. Group compassion-focused therapy was provided in 13 120-minute sessions for participants of the experiment group. The subjects of the control groups did not receive any intervention until the end of the follow up stage. The data were analyzed by variance analysis test with repeated measures in SPSS. Results: Mean and standard deviation of the scores of rumination in the subjects of the experiment group were 58. 08± 2. 84 in pretest, 52. 50± 5. 74 in posttest, and 49. 50± 5. 35 in the follow up. In the control group, mean and standard deviation of the scores of rumination were 59. 08± 0. 92 before the intervention, 57. 67± 1. 82 after the intervention, and 58. 25± 1. 96 one month after the intervention. Results of the variance analysis with repeated measures indicated that group compassion-focused therapy has significantly reduced rumination in the intervention group in posttest and follow up stages (p<0. 01, F=21. 33). Conclusion: Results of the present research confirmed the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in reducing rumination among women affected by marital infidelity. Family counsellors and therapists can use this therapeutic model for reducing the traumas caused by marital infidelity.

Background & aim: Inability to control drug use is one of the main aspects of drug dependence. Part of this disability is due to the cognitive biases that result from people's constant exposure to substances. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of cognitive bias correction in real and placebo modes. Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design and control group. of Kerman's opiate users in 2018, 75 individuals were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly divided into three equal groups(experimental, placebo, and control). Computer tasks were used to correct cognitive bias in both experimental and placebo groups. These tasks included: dot probe task (to correct attentional bias) and avoidance task(to correct tendency bias) that were used in each treatment session in combination. In the real group for 8 sessions, the real version of the cognitive bias correction task was presented and the placebo group received the placebo version for 8 sessions, but the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results revealed that after intervention, attention bias in the real group(M=28. 28 SD=38. 57) compared to the placebo group(M=0. 16 SD=34. 36) and the control group decreased significantly. A significant decrease was also observed in (SD=33. 73 M=16. 03) and attentional bias correction treatment decreased attentional bias (p≥ 0. 05), but placebo of this intervention had no effect on attentional bias. There was also a meaningful difference in tendency bias between the real and placebo groups (p≥ 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated the effectiveness of cognitive bias correction intervention on attentional bias and tendency bias in opiate abusers and may be used as a complementary and low cost intervention in addiction treatment.

Background & aim: Religious orientation to examine the use of religion in the lives of individuals and mental health is also referred to as a state of well-being in which one recognizes one's abilities and can cope with normal mental stress and be beneficial to one's community and thus interact. Religion and mental health with positive psychology are concepts that help one's abilities and abilities to promote general health. The purpose of the present study was to determine, model, and interact positive psychology with religious orientation and mental health among university students in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province. Methods: The present descriptive-analytic correlational study used Structural Equation Modeling method. The instrument consisted of 5 questionnaires which were distributed among the students of the sample group and completed by the students. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, regression tests, fit-indices and Bootstrap indices. Results: The findings of the present study indicated that religious orientation had a significant relationship with positive psychotic components (p<0. 05). Correspondingly, in the present research, factor analysis revealed that religious orientation did not directly affect students' mental health, but religious orientation had positive effects on positive psychological components and these effects led to improved health. Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between religious orientation and components of positive psychology as well as the positive and significant indirect relationship between religious orientation and mental health in university students, teaching positive psychology components, pre-university religion and religious education and mental health should be considered more than ever.

Background & aim: Psoriasis is a prevalent, inflammatory and chronic disease which is accompanied by various psychological problems for the patient. So far, few psychological interventions have been designed and conducted for reducing mental problems and enhancing mental health among these patients. Compassion-focused therapy is a new therapeutic method which was formed with the aim of reducing self-criticism and shame in individuals. According to the fact that patients with psoriasis experience great shame due to undesirable effects of this disease on their beauty, therefore, the present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on internalized shame in patients with psoriasis. Methods: In the frame of a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow up with control group design, 40 patients with psoriasis referring to the specialized dermatology clinics of Hakim Jarjani hospital and Shahid Sayad Shirazi hospital in Gorgan, Iran, in 2018, were selected by available sampling method, and then, they were assigned into two experiment and control groups (20 subjects per group). For gathering the data, Cook’ s internalized shame scale was used which was completed by the subjects of both groups in pretest, posttest and one-month follow up stages. The subjects of the experiment group received eight 2-hour sessions of compassion focused therapy while the control group received no therapy until the end of the follow up stage. for analyzing the data, the Variance analysis test with repeated measures in SPSSv20 were used. Results: Mean and standard deviation of the scores of internalized shame in subjects of the experiment group was 77. 40± 3. 53 in pretest, 62± 3. 37 in posttest, and 60. 50± 3. 63 in follow up. In the control group, mean and standard deviation of the scores of internalized shame was 77. 25± 5. 04 in pretest, 78. 65 ± 4. 20 in posttest and 76. 85± 4. 67 in follow up. Results of the variance analysis with repeated measures indicated that compassion focused therapy led to significant reduction in internalized shame among patients of the intervention group in posttest and follow up stages (p<0. 01). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present research, it is recommended that compassion focused therapy would be used in specialized dermatology clinics for the purpose of reducing mental problems and improving mental health among dermatological patients.

Background & aim: The family is the most important social institution that begins with marriage. Marriage is one of the most complex human relationships involving a marvelous encounter between culture, religion, nature, and the social rules of sexual attraction. Marital satisfaction and life satisfaction are factors affecting the stability and reliability of marriages as well as mental health of wives and children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Glasgow reality therapy on marital satisfaction, life satisfaction and couple communication skills. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with control group with pret and post test. The statistical population consisted of all couples who referred to Shiraz Bahar Counseling Center. Thirty couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned control and experimental groups (15). The Glaser Reality Training Package was used to teach Glasher Reality Therapy, which consisted of 10 sessions of one-hour training. Marital Satisfaction Scales (Olson, 1998), Life Satisfaction (Diner, 1985), and Communication Skills (Nooran, 1967) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and MANCOVA tests. Results: The results showed that after the Glaser Real Therapy training, there was a significant effect (p <0. 001) on the variables. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that Glaser reality therapy is a suitable method for increasing adaptation and increasing marital satisfaction and marital satisfaction.