Journal of National Studies
Year:2013 | Volume:13 | Issue:4 (52)|Papers Count:12

In spite of various interpretation of globalization, it can be understood in the path of periodical evolutions of modernity. Globalization, in its challenge with cultural identities tries to suspend these identities, and give them a new definition in the direction of western history. This essay with studying the major aspects of Islamic Revolution of Iran as a phenomenon that occurred in religious identification direction of Iranians, mention to capacities of Islamic Revolution and its constructed identity discourse that estranges it from internal contradictions of this era (globalization) in establishing a purposive civilization. In order to this purpose, this essay compares different dimensions of Islamic and modern identity paradigms and evaluates their potentials for arising a new age in the human’s destiny. First, the materialistic and secularized ontology of west is inspected in front of monotheistic view that dominates in Islamic Revolution of Iran. Then western discontinuous with oracle epistemology that is captivated in deadlock of relativity has been put in front of epistemology of Islam that is continuous with oracle and Ijtihad tradition. In teleology, capacities of Shia's historical prospect that emerges in the discourse of Mahdaviat will be evaluated in front of different and periodical deadlocks of modernity. At last, western anthropology (humanism) is considered and it is tried to explain the answer of Islamic identity to the question that "Is the human the criteria for everything"? Of course in these fields has been shown the continuity of modern assumptions that are involved in globalization discourse.

The creation of the idea of Iran in the ancient period is the result of historical and important changes which in great part are related to Mythical and Heroic Age, and provide the possibility of the creation and evolution of Iranian identity through transferring the common oral memories and Heroic memorials to the Historical period. This idea, generally, has geographical, political and cultural aspects, which are components of Iranian identity. Parts of these features are certain land and boundaries, historical and epic battles, continuity and evolution of Persian language, customs and manners of sovereignty. In the process of creation and evolution of the idea of Iran and creating the Iranian identity, Sassanid period in the ancient history is one exception.Sassanid’s was the last period of the history of ancient Iran that had an essential role in transferring and continuity of the concept of Iran throughout the Islamic period with strengthening and evolution of the idea of Iran and invention of Iran- Shahr concept.

This article considers the effect of virtual space on the evolution of Iranian identity (Case Study: City of Tehran) and focuses on the virtual space as one of the most important factors that has affected the national identity in Tehran. The hypothesis of this research is that the virtual space can have different consequences on individuals, groups, social classes and human societies, depending on their social and cultural backgrounds. To testing this hypothesis, first we discuss about the classic and modern theoretical literature on the national identity, culture, Internet, virtual space, then, the experimental findings of the study are presented under the survey.The thesis is theoretically based on the views of Stuart Hall about identity and culture and also Anthony Giddens views on the formation of culture in the modern era. So, in this research, we use of development and applied approach, based on positivist methodology.Also, the interview section was conducted through a case study research include 918 extensive virtual space users that have been studied at the city of Tehran and the data collected by the SPSS program and the information has been analyzed by statistical methods such as “Regression analysis that includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables”.In general, the results show that there is a significant and positive correlation between the main variable of the study, i.e., the citizen tendency towards identity, and 7 variables under investigation which, based on the intensity and degree of their correlation with the main variable.

Identity issue and thinking about identity are the most important issues in all fields of humanities such as philosophy, political science, sociology and theology. Each of these fields gives attention to individual, social, national and global identity of modern humans, appropriate to their interests and knowledge.Thinking about identity has more booms in the Islamic societies, because of community-oriented features of Islamic identity and strength of national identity in Muslim societies, so that we can identify a widespread range of Muslim identity thinker, from Ummah- oriented to nationalist. Imam Khomeini (RA) as a mystic jurisconsult and a revolutionary politician, paid attention seriously to the modern human identity and Islamic societies, and also pursued redefining Iranian identity in theoretical and practical levels.This article considers identity issue, and more accurately the problem of duality of Ummah identity or national identity, in the opinion of Imam Khomeini (RA), and believes that “Mysticism Fiqh” is the meta-theory or the general spirit of his works and ideas, and this is distinct from this matter that the structure and elements of his thoughts is based on Ummah- oriented nature, and in his view, among the elements of national identity by highlighting the element of religion in Iran, it is possible the reconstruction of Iranian identity based on religion. So, we have analyzed the mystical approach and religious policy of Imam Khomeini (RA) in connection with the identity issue and we find the nobility of “Ummah” in this discourse and other collective identities and their bases (race, language, history, etc.) are placed in the margins.

Many historical evidences are presented about perception of the Iranian identity among clans and tribes at Gajar era. Clans and tribes of Iran communicate through the system of the oral cultural exchange to the various Iranian traditions.Such backgrounds cause these societies to form the most important soldier forces for defense of borders in the absence of army and modern military system. Although, existing interior convergence in the tribes and ethnics societies, variety, differences and distinctions among them, cultural poverty and expanded illiteracy, intense resistance against renovation and actually assimilation policy of Reza Shah Pahlavi, and as a result had been occurred wide tribal tensions, all of these, cause identity analyzers to pay attention to some evidences which confirm this theory that Iranian clans and tribes were social forces against government as well as anti-national, which lacks awareness and interests of Iranian identity. Such condition had been caused the relationship among tribes, clans and Iranian identity to be problematic. And we deal with this question: "how was the awareness of tribes and clans at Gajar era toward Iranian identity?" This study tries to find an appropriate answer to this question through historical study of the issue.

Religious and national identity of youths is very important considering their constructive role in the fate of the country. In other hand, the acceptance of national and religious identity by young people depends on their effective acceptance of the models and also existence of effectiveness models in the community. So, the purpose of this paper is to study the level of national and religious identity and it’s relation to the variable of reference group of youths and adolescents. This article is used of Heyman and Merton theory for the selection of reference groups.Data of this research collected with survey method and using questionnaire techniques, in January 2011 in Tehran with a sample of 811 young people between 15 to 30 ages. The results of research showed that religious identity is superior on national identity among females, while this situation is reversed among men.In relation to the national identity, the important variables are: religious men: (0.092), teachers: (0.113), rich people: (-0.090), authors: (0.05) and warrior views: (0.043) and in field of religious identity, the important variables are: religious men: (0.204), Basijis: (0.070), rich people: (-0.098), authors: (-0.059), judges: (0.064) and warrior views: (0.081).