STRATEGIC STUDIES OF PUBLIC POLICY (STRATEGIC STUDIES OF GLOBALIZATION JOURNAL)
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:6|Papers Count:9

There are various definitions and interpretations of globalization, the sum of these ideas can be outlined as follows; compression of time and space, information-based society, global village, the process to westernize the world, knowledge of the whole world, the real global co-relation, objective and subjective Globalization and so forth. Globalization possesses the various aspects and areas that cultural, political and economic Globalization can be noted as the most prominent aspects of it.The study of Art as one of the most powerful and influential tools and component of the instrument in the context of cultural Globalization, finds chance for expression. This paper which is a theoretical one with descriptive-analytical method, tried to compile the libraries documents and examine the effects of Globalization on contemporary art of the West in an interval beginning from 1960 that is the beginning of post-modern art until present in its various branches.In this interval, research issue and the amount of Globalization’s effectiveness on contemporary Art of the west has specified. Finally, and as a result, the amount of the impact of Globalization’s process on contemporary Art of the west with fundamental changes has been very impressive. Varied use of modern technology, to generalize and commercialize the Art, comprehensive development of museum, failure to provide moral and artistic values and criteria, the role of addresses and its importance, combining non-homogeneous elements, expression of works through signs and symbols and absent of transcendent goals in western contemporary Art has been the impacts of Globalization in western contemporary art.

In this study the topic has been addressed to design an improvement pattern for social capital level of citizens in the era of globalization. This study, in terms of purpose was applied and as the method is considered focusing quality of structures. The measuring instrument in this research was a self administered questionnaire. As per the main question in this research, a pattern is designed and presented to measure social capital by applying mathematical models. In the stage of weighting the conceptual model of research for gathering required data about the importance of each of the dimensions, components and indicators, university teachers of management and social sciences as experts were referred. To this end 30 questionnaires distributed and out of total returned questionnaires, 10 were diagnosed in terms of appropriate extraction and analysis.A glimpse to the process of research indicates that an appropriate algorithm designed model for measurement of social capital has been presented. The failure of the concept of social capital of citizens at the global level has been shown in 4 dimensions of social, cultural, political and economic, then division of each of the dimensions into desired components and, ultimately, determining the indicators in each of the components led to a model where the goal has been achieved.Researches conducted on social capital in other countries show that both academics and researchers and also politicians of these countries have come to believe that addressing issues of social capital possess high priority, therefore, it is recommended to those involved, to launch a system or institution in our country like “Social Capital Society” of America, to pursue all researches focused on social capital or that the responsibility of this important matter must be assigned to the statistical center of Iran same as the Australian government, so while carrying out an accurate activity, notification should be done on time too.

Presence of seminaries in transnational environments is entrance to the turbulent and complex arenas, the environment where the threats and cultural, social, economic and political opportunities from one hand make them to face the challenges and dreadful problems and from the other side with vast and unusual capacities. So, management in the global area demands the thoroughly modern requirements in the media management, in order to manage and set these institutions in reasonable and consistent way with internal and external changes. Recognition of the media atmosphere that the seminary facing (threats and opportunities) and formulate relevant strategies is one of the necessities to increase effectiveness of the seminary in religious management in transnational level.

Intense compression of time and space, expanded transportation of goods and people in the terminals, fading the boundaries of sovereignty of national governments in the penetration of transnational institutions, ever-increasing trade and capital flows, remarkable contacts and encounters of cultures and past ideas, due to expansion of communications and development of technology which in recent decades has been the peak intensity, are the signs of the phenomenon that we learn it as Globalization. This phenomenon depending on national, regional and international conditions creates areas and different implications of countries such as profitable opportunities and costly restrictions. From methodological point of view we consider the globalized atmosphere as a structure, the range of restrictions provided by this structure for powerful agents in each level can be opportunity maker and for weak limited and costly. As far as developing countries are related, their choices are limited in dealing with this phenomenon. They will possess the opportunities and blessings in this field by increasing their capabilities and capacities simultaneously in order to face and adapt to new environment, so they can fulfill the national development program as a basic need and secure themselves against the damages of this process. It seems in this compressed time and space, governments and the ruling elites in these countries are the most important agents of development program and ought to assume modernization and reform management in the fundamental areas. These governments must be reformed in terms of basic physical infrastructure, institutions and policies (the policy making and governance approaches) to generate power and empowerment for the country in order to adapt to the new atmosphere requirements. All these triple reforms led to increase public spending and make crucial the need for appropriate policy making in the financial area. In this paper we discussed about the subject at hand with a view to modernization and institutional reforms in developing countries (with emphasis on Iran and not a case study) and have shown that the process of reform and economic liberalization in these countries lead to increase public spending which necessitate the need of reforms in the financial area and optimization of the tax system.

Today, due to “Globalization”, the fate of all individuals, organizations and governments are more tied together and effects of this process in all areas of human activity is undeniable. By looking at the concept of “Global Citizenship” new expectations of education as a meaningful factor to people’s lives and a tool to develop human character and supplying the social needs, is formed. This paper aims to examine and discuss the characteristics and components of global citizenship, the role, importance and necessity of global citizenship education.If we accept that the current use of existing resources in the world is unfair and unacceptable and the gap between rich and poor (in all aspects) wide and widens, should ponder choice. Training and education of global citizens (especially children and young people) who wish the world as a place full of justice, equality, peace and sustainable development, respect and protection of racial diversity, religious etc… and also possess other characteristic features addressed in this paper seems to be a powerful tool and solution. In this frame work, poverty and identity crisis of Iranian youth and in the other hand being attracted to the Globalization culture of outsiders, are two points that reveal the necessity for paying more attention to the training of global citizens, to adopt a broad and enormous prospective to the global issues. Therefore, according to the valuable Islamic texts and outlined prominent place for human beings and human values, also with consideration to the rich Iranian culture and civilization in direction with an active role in global co-management, living such training in formal and informal education system and also establishment of a center as such in partnership and cooperation with other educational institutions in the country is suggested.

Today fighting against the phenomenon of terrorism has become the international system suffering an issue; because of its disorganized situation caused by its occurrence, not only undermine human security but it has attacked national and international peace and security too. Thus, in this situation only constant global determination seems to be considered as a special strategy in the fighting against terrorism and to eliminate existing gaps in this regard. However, one of the issues that always the world is concern about and keeps it in its consideration is “global just peace” issue and unfortunately no effective norm has been set in fighting with its violation that with the threat of terrorist acts are often faced with challenges. Thus, the realization of a global just peace is attainable when in many international challenges (especially; the threat posed by terrorism), governments possessing consensus about the fight and assist and cooperate with international organization to eliminate the existing gap through the acceptance of the international documents, to achieve a world free of any insecurities and threats. Moreover, realization of “global just peace” as the missing link in the international norms and challenges, requires more attention to the fact that, is not only a cause to eliminate the national and international abnormalities but also with the accomplishment of ideals and principles stipulated in the UN charter, provides conditions for the realization of “global just peace”. Also, it is worth mentioning in this regard, the Islamic system because of its rich teachings and being seeker and profounder of justice, contains guidelines for the establishment of a just peace as an end and purpose in determining and regulating the method and channels of collective relations and consider as an obvious manifestation in explanation and verification discourse of “just peace”. Therefore, if “just peace” in the world relies on the basic teaching of Islam it can be regarded as an Islamic peace that possesses a very pervasive mission in the whole of human society.

The nature of teaching Alavi culture tells the truth that a system is ruling human life which human being does not have any role in its creation, but can play a role in its dynamism and persistence due to innate inducements of justice, seeking perfection, aesthetics. This order or system in the earthy stage started from the beginning of Adam (AS)’s creation and will be continued until the advent of Imam Mahdi (AJ) and righteous rule. This system is comprehensive and includes all people with different culture and ethnicity and cannot tolerate any geographic limitations. This system posses a perspective in which the topics of universality, being voluntary, sovereignty of righteous, to recognize other cultures, being anthropocentric and stability in the rules and regulations are the most important of them. Monotheistic thinking and logical thinking with appropriate function and competent behavior is one of the most important policy strategies to achieve this look out. Reducing distances and breaks down geographical boundaries following with rapid development of mass media equipments and communication-information technologies, given the tactical and technical opportunity to the enthusiasts of Alavi culture to offer its teaching to the world and present its global identity, that regional and global changes are the signs and sparks for the realization of this vision. In this paper we tried to study this phenomenon and its angles through Alavi approach and basic method of analysis and deliberation used.