GEOGRAPHICAL URBAN PLANNING RESEARCH
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

IntroductionPaying attention to the concept of security for citizens and its promotion has become one of the main priorities of the urban theorists, managers, and planners. Apart from its social and cultural effects on the patterns of citizenship behavior and improvement of the environmental quality of habitation areas, it is important to explain the features and its associated effects on the physical role of cities in reduction of urban crime and offenses and lowering crime occurrences. This is described in new urbanism theories. Moreover, numerous studies have proved that by changing environmental conditions and proper space designing, the rate of special crime will reduce and on the other hand, it will increase safely level of the society...

IntroductionSecurity and tourism are two very important issues addressed by policy makers and planners. Regarding its outcomes in society, tourism development is considered by many institutions and scholars and it seems necessary to discuss about that. In addition to its positive social and cultural implications, tourism has also some negative implications which have fundamental importance in terms of sociological views. One of these consequences is the introduction of anti-social behaviors due to a flood of tourists in the region. Another consequence, to name, is the acquaintance of villagers with new ideas of tourists contrasting their own cultural values and causing antithetical identities. Social security could not be ignored in this regard since there is some sort of correlation between social order, security and tourism. While there is not social security in a region, tourism and its development could not make an effective role for its community...

IntroductionSpatial inequalities in establishment of municipal activities and different levels of residents wealth in various areas of a city, is not a new phenomenon in the cities all over the world. In developing countries, because of egregious social and economic differences, and due to inequality and imbalance in municipal services distribution, spatial differences of cities have been exacerbated (Abdi, Daneshpour, 1998). Spatial structure of a city is composed of components and elements which have reactions on each other. Therefore, instability of each of these components will have an effect on the whole structure (Savj & Vard, 2001, 90). To this reason, an organized spatial balance in cities is considered as a kind of municipal stability and will be realized when a logical compatibility is created between population scattering and service distribution in cities...

IntroductionLocation of any human settlement is influenced by environmental factors, especially morphology and topography of the ground on which the settlement is formed. This makes ot necessary to consider the morphology in site selection of urban land application. Identifying the status quo and problems of the city and prediction of its future changes involves recognition of these factors, forces and their mechanism of action. Different centers of the city during various periods and dynamics of physical expansion of Galhedar and the spatial arrangement of the neighborhoods (sprawled expansion) and fabric expansion of the city indicate that temporary urban rivers have a direct effect on the configuration, development and spatial structure of Galhedar. Reciprocal function of the two subsystems including physical basin and human subsystem of the urban area in the past have gone parallel with balance in subsystems and dynamism of hydro geomorphology of the city and its control. However, currently with rapid expansion of urban space with physical geomorphology and hydrology (climate), the system moves toward imbalance...

IntroductionToday, change in approach to development has caused that human concepts such as citizen participation are considered as the main factor for development of cities. These transformations in literature of urban planning in developing countries (including Iran) have changed the ideas of most experts in these countries. Thus, they have emphasized on importance of participation to the realization of urban development. But despite this emphasis and even restructuring of urban management in Iran (establishment of city councils), still the lack of participation is proposed as one of the major obstacles to achievement of development...

IntroductionIn the years before industrial revolution in Europe, cities had mono-centric characteristic. After industrial revolution, cities changed and transformed from mono-centric configuration into poly-centric structure. At this moment theoretical concerns about cities had emerged. During 1920s and 1950s various theories came into the scene, describing cities as static entities. In 1960s and 1970s som cities in northern America gradually experienced a different growth and new dynamic states. After that in 1980s and 1990s, by appearing the new form of physical growth of cities, new problems and challenges had come into existence. Urban sprawl is one of the most important problems nowadays in metropolitan areas. It seems that the core of urban planning is land-use. There are lots of strategies and solutions for this problem. One of the solutions is ecological land-use strategy. There are also lots of descriptive and prescriptive models in this field, intelligent models such as CA, ANN etc...

IntroductionChanges in land use will also cause changes in environmental conditions. In 2007, for the first time in human history, the world's urban population exceeded from rural population. Now world's urban population is growing faster than the world's population and more than half the world's population (54% in 2014) lives in urban areas. Most of this growth occurred in developing countries and in these countries the growth of urban settlements is five times of the developed countries. Intense migration of rural population to the cities and the rapid growth of urban population caused uncontrolled physical expansion of urban around the world. Therefore, to mitigate the effects of urban growth, it is essential to manage the population to the optimum areas...