Physical Geography Research
Year:2017 | Volume:49 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Snow cover as one of the most important components of the Earth's surface plays an important role in the global hydro climate processes. Snow acts as a temporary reservoir of water and keeps the rivers flowing long time and recharges underground aquifers to provide water during the dry season for billions of consumer. …

Introduction: At the high elevations of river basins, precipitations are mainly in the form of snow and its accumulation provides water of the rivers in warm seasons. Having accurate and on time information of the phenomena is of great importance for flood controlling and also estimation of snow water equivalent. The extent of snow cover and its variations are important in hydrologic and climatic systems. …

Introduction: Snow is an important hydrological phenomenon and snow water equivalent is suitable water resource in many parts of the world. Snow and snow water equivalent have a significant contribution in stream flow and groundwater recharge. For this reason, it is important modeling of snow accumulation and melting. …

Introduction: Tourism has become one of the largest global economic sectors in the world and contributes significantly to national and local economies. Climate has a significant influence on tourism decision-making process. It is a key factor considered by the tourists either explicitly for the purpose of travel planning or as a primary motivator. The first attempt to develop a numerical index to evaluate climate for tourism purposes was by Mieczkowski (1985) who designed the „Tourism Climate Index‟ (TCI). …

Introduction: Energy is one of the most important demands in development of human societies. As world population continues to grow and the limited and non-renewable resources of fossil fuels begin to diminish, countries must take action to facilitate a greater use of renewable energy resources such as geothermal and wind energies. …

Introduction: Due to the increasing significance of water supply in Iran, the management of water resources is of a particular importance. Precipitation is regarded as the most considerable source of water that is faced with great temporal (daily, monthly, seasonal and yearly) and spatial changes among other climatic factors. …

Introduction: The 120-day winds of Sistan are considered as the most important and well-known climatic factors in eastern regions of Iran during hot period. They have various effects on the region. For example, these winds make dust storm, more evapotranspiration and sand prairie in this region. Generally, as these winds have great impacts on the environment and human life, they should be studied from different climatic aspects. …

Introduction: The rapid growth of urbanization formed in the 19th century after the industrial revolution in the developed countries. After the revolution, the urban areas of many cities extended rapidly. In those cities many different activities such as transportation, industrial and construction activities is much higher than rural environments. In the urban environments, vegetation and green spaces are lower than those in rural areas. …

Introduction: Knowledge of the amount, spatial distribution and temporal variation of rainy days is essential to provide public information, hydrological modelling and flood forecasting, climate monitoring and climate model validation. Data Grids Database provides valuable information about the amount and frequency of rainfall. …

Introduction: Atmospheric circulation patterns play a major role in temporal distribution and geographical distribution of precipitation. According to most researchers, the changes in climatic circulation patterns are controller of swing shifts, and also the intensity of precipitation and changes in atmospheric moisture content. …

Introduction: There are many different factors changing rivers in terms of size, shape, direction and pattern. These changes highlight that rivers tend to equilibrate. The balance between erosion and deposition in a river is defined as equilibrium while the stability of stream morphology is defined as the ability to resist morphological changes for a long time. Doyle and Harbor (2003) showed that bed sediments type has a great impact on the equilibrium, so that the time needed for a sandy-bed channel to equilibrate is almost half of that needed for a gravel-bed channel. …