Journal of Urban Research and Planning
Year:2020 | Volume:10 | Issue:39|Papers Count:18

Today, cities and residential societies are mainly established where they are subject to different types of natural disasters or are subject to different man-made disasters due to technological advancements. Hence, one of the most important requirements is addressing the physical issues of urban residential textures and the concept of resilience and consequently, retrofitting these textures in case of possible incidents and hazards. The currently studied domain was the residential texture of Bojnourd County with a total population of 233810, with 34557 residential buildings and a total area of 7859902 m2. This study is an applied research in terms of objective and in terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical research based on physical-structural approaches. In order to obtain the objectives of this research, selected indices such as the structural skeleton, materials, the number of floors, gradation, building age, and the quality of buildings were extracted. In order to determine the trends of the patterns, the regression tool was used. Also, for weighting of the layers in the spatial data, the spatial autocorrelation tool of Weights Manager, available in Geoda software, is utilized. Moran’ s I tool is used for determining the type of physical resilience distribution (clustered, random, and sparse). Furthermore, Anselin Local Morans spatial autocorrelation tool in ArcGIS software was used for studying the spatial distribution of the residential texture resilience prioritization. The spatial results in the current study shows that 2235783 m2 i. e. 28. 45% of the total area including 10187 residential blocks are in the relatively low to very low resilience range and 3513732 m2 i. e. 44. 70 of the total area including 15269 residential blocks are in the medium resilience range which require immediate planning. Finally, based on the findings of this research and within the framework of the six selected components, suggestions are made on the physical resilience of the residential texture of Bojnourd County.

Urban parks are part of a public infrastructure that citizens can use for visual, environmental, educational, health, cultural, social and recreational entertainments. But one of the main challenges in realizing such vital functions of parks is lack of safety. Therefore, measuring the quality of park safety is important in order to improve its efficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety indexes of Urmia Regional and Urban Parks. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytic method. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. The sample size was estimated by the Cochran formula according to the scale and the population of 380 people at the areas where the parks were located. A random cluster sampling method was also used to select samples. Data processing tools include a multi-criteria decision-making model for checking the weight of the studied parks in terms of safety indicators and Pearson's path analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient for measuring the relationships between variables and the individual characteristics of the respondents. The results of the analysis indicate that: First, based on the model of the Gulflag Baghre Park with the number 5 is in the best conditions and the first rank and Saat Park with number 1 ranked 5th and is in the worst conditions. Second, according to the results of the analysis of path in relation to the most important safety indicators in the studied parks the physical safety index was recognized as a direct factor in the sense of safety with a beta of 394/0, a brightness index with a beta of 0. 9 and an index of physical access with beta of 0. 178 as the main indicators of safety sensitivity. Third, the Pearson correlation coefficient between two variables of immune indices and individual characteristics of respondents is equal to 613/0 and a significant level of less than 0. 05 indicates a positive and significant correlation between these variables.

The main objective of this study is to achieve sustainable regeneration strategies based on resilience dimensions in Karaj city. This research is a descriptive-analytical and applied research. Data collection has been done with library-documentary studies, surveys and interviews with city administrators and authorities, as well as for data analysis using the SWOTET technique, Vickor fuzzy and Topsis fuzzy were used. The results of the study indicate that the presence of suitable agricultural lands within the physical area of the city and its surroundings, the appropriate position on the Tehran-Qazvin highway and ongoing recreational design studies are among the opportunities available in the worn-out texture of the city of Karaj. Appropriate facilities for the implementation of councils at the whole neighborhood, lack of transparency in the implementation process of the plans prepared for the citizens and the low level of hygiene and lack of services are three major threats to the worn-out texture of Karaj. Based on the resilience dimension of Karaj City's worn-out tissue regeneration perspective, it has been formulated that the Karaj City's worn-out texture should be a coherent and secure structure with a sustainable and resilient urban infrastructure, facilities and equipment that has sustainable local communities. And be resilient to dynamic economic functions and operations to cope with any crisis. Studies based on strategies can also modify the structure of access to neighborhoods based on hierarchies to provide services in times of crisis and hazardousness, safety of urban facilities and equipment, retrofit of urban facilities and equipment, and detailed feasibility of resident participation. In line with the implementation of recreation and crisis management programs, identifying the responsibilities of urban managers based on comprehensive natural disaster management plans, creating an appropriate legal framework for public participation in recreation plans and programs to enhance resilience.

In the next decades, the major driver of the increasing damages and losses from disasters will be the growth of people and assets in harm’ s way, especially in urban areas. Tehran's largest gravity center in Iran is22 districts of the municipality, which is surrounded by high densities of active faults on the north and south. In order to deal with natural hazards, especially earthquakes, there are several approaches in which the fourdimensional resiliency approach is one of the most important ones. So, objective of the current research is assessment of rates of indicators of social and characteristic aspects of resilient of Dist. 12Tehran against earthquake that it has been assessed in global level based on optimal limit. For determination of optimal limit in this research, it was supposed that numerical amount of any indication in zones across the world level, in which has occurred various crisis up to now, being resilient against it (such as Japan & California) can be considered as optimal limit. Method of research in this text is descriptive-analytical type. The results of results indicate that among social indicators, indicator status of age structure of population, gender structure of population has been calculated upper than optimal limit. However, status of studies level and health cover is lower than optimal limit. Among the indicators, related to institutional resilient, all indicators have a noticeable distance with optimal rate. Furthermore, institutional communications indicator with 46%distance, has a worse status from the optimal rate. Consequently, Institutional operation indicator with 41% and institutional background with 32% distance from the optimal rate are located in the next rows.

The studies in the field of residential satisfaction increase our understanding of success or failure level of housing projects, project quality, and the factors of residential satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In this regard, the goal of this research is to assess the residential satisfaction of Vahdat Mehr housing complex (located in Shiraz). The current research is a practical research in terms of objective and is a descriptive-analytic research in terms of methodology. Also, the survey data collection method has been performed by a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data. The research's statistical society is all the residents of the Vahdat Mehr housing complex of Shiraz and the sample size is 384 people that is randomly selected using Cochran formula. To analyze the information and data, the one-sample T-test was used. The results show that the housing strength index with total average of 2. 58, the housing tenure index with total average of 3. 26, the congestion index with total average of 3. 13, the neighborhood quality index with total average of 3. 04, and 8 out of 11 access indices with total average of 2. 52 are less than average (3. 50) and have an undesirable condition so that the residents are not satisfied with them. However, the other three access indices with total average of 4. 21 as well as the indices of initial housing facilities (with total average of 4. 06) are above average (3. 5) and have a desirable condition so that the residents are satisfied with them.

Many city planners, policymakers and specialists offered a different solution for having a sustainable urban development so far and some of them have been successful to some extent. Using nanotechnology for sustainable urban development is a measure that most experts agree on and nano concrete is one of the most important uses of nanotechnology in this field. Despite the researchers’ focus and emphasis on the use of this technology in urban environments, it has not received much attention. In the spirit of expanding and promoting the use of this modern technology in urban environments and with the goal of analyzing the effects of nano concrete on the sustainable urban development of shiraz metropolis, this study was conducted. The opinions of experts, specialists, professors and other researchers who have enough experience in this field has also been taken into account for this study. The required sources were gathered using survey study and documentary research. Study results show that, according to experts, because of its varied functions in different fields such as improving mechanical resistance, improving concrete’ s durability and stability, decreasing permeability, compatibility with the environment and improved resistance against abrasion and impact, the use of nanotechnology in concrete can be effective in sustainable urban development. Pearson’ s correlation coefficient results showed that there is a meaningful statistical relationship between the use of nano concrete technology and the sustainable development of Shiraz metropolis. Linear regression results (two variables) showed that the independent variable of nano concrete could explain 0. 697% of the changes in the dependent variable (sustainable urban development of Shiraz metropolis).

Rapid population growth in metropolises has led to the expansion of urban sprawl; this results in urban expansion which is in contrast to Smart Growth and Infill Development. The city of Shiraz has 1700 hectares of worn and inefficient texture and about 450 hectares of Brownfield inside the city. The extent of this amount of land requires using Infill Development and its means of achieving it. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is adaptively to investigate urban growth management policies for introducing appropriate growth management policies and identify the best internal urban growth management policy in Shiraz. To this end, aAHP-TOPSIS model has been used and the scores were determined using a Sequential sampling method in a two-step Delphi model using the views of 17 experts and managers of Shiraz city. The results show that the generally external urban growth management policies due to the immense impact and extension of the affected area has a higher priority for urban management, such as Urban Green Belt (0. 69)rban Growth Boundary (0. 69)Which both ranked second and Urban Service Areas with third ranked in priority. In the next step, there are internal external urban growth management policies, the most influential of which is Land Readjustment (0. 75) and ranking first, Followed by other growth internal management policies such as, Mandatory Comprehensive Plans, Transfer/Purchase of Development Rights, Density Bonuses and Inclusionary Housing Provisions, Inter-Local and Joint-Planning Agreement, Concurrency Provisions and Development Impact Fees and Special Tax/Financing Tools in the fourth place onwards.

in This Study, Space is Not Understood as a Neutral and Unaltered Container, Rather It Is Considered as an Informative Content for Human Beings. In Other Words, Time In A Space-Bound Framework Is Fixed, And Understanding The Existence of A Social Space Requires A Historical Awareness And Knowing The Man. The Purpose of This Study is To Decode the Mechanisms affecting The Production of Classy and Disordered Urban Form, The Subjective Function of Consumerism and The Rupture in The Structure of Social Interaction in Shiraz. Flows that are Not Easily Understood and Require Careful Thought-Based Scrutiny. The experience of space is not separate from the text, but implies the theoretical realm and indeed the relation between the quality of idealism and the quality of life. Every kind of absolute, abstract, math, social, and so on definition of space follows its own methodology. According to the social production of space, the type of research is qualitative and based on the triple dialectic; Perceived Space (Shiraz's economy and market), Conceived space (The laws and structures governing the city), and living space )Shiraz people's will and creativity). this Research Ontology at Examining the Existence of a Social Space Based on the Interconnectedness of Action, History and Time. The conclusions of the present research shows the complete absence of planning to the Shiraz city and it is reduced to map. Moreover the domination of technocrats rather than civil society, reduce social interaction and meditation, lack of tax structure, rental of detailed plan coding, inability to use equitable distribution services and class gaps are from fundamental characteristics of shiraz. Ultimately, the consolidation of map planning in SHIRAZ is the consolidation of poverty traps. According to, UP to 2017 more than 45 percent of 477916 Households in Shiraz, lived in Tenant Houses. Those that were hit by inflation of 100 percent Increase in housing prices in 2019 and their hopes of becoming a homeowner were lost.

Awareness of the effects of increasing the livability of urban Deteriorated textures needs to provide a structural analysis of it in the future in order to increase the quality of such spaces, with the application of the livability approach, can be measured and evaluated and finally, help to create dynamic urban centers and sustainable districts. In this regard, this research has been carried out with the final aim of structural analysis of the livability of urban deteriorated textures of Qazvin city with a futuristic approach. This study is considered descriptive-analytical paper in terms of methodology and in term of target is a practical one. Data and research information are gathered using documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study was 61 experts who were selected by purposeful sampling. The number of 14 variables were identified and analyzed by MIC MAC software to determine the future of livability of urban deteriorated textures. The results indicate that the degree of filling is 80. 79%, which demonstrates the high impact of factors on each other. In addition, of the total of 155 measurable relations in this matrix, 41 relations are number zero (lack of impact), 27 relations are number one (low impact), 36 relations are number two (strong impact) and, 92 relations are number three (significantly high impact). So, Findings of the study of the key variables affecting the status of urban deteriorated textures in the study area expresses the instability of these areas in relation to future livability.

The smallest housing and the smallest form of physical embodiment is the interconnectedness of man and the environment and the most private space of human life. Obviously identifying the quality levels of housing indices in different urban areas is an effective step in explaining the quality of life levels. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the status of housing indices in urban areas of Gorgan. The type of research in this research is "Applied-development" and the "descriptive-analytic" method. In order to analyze the data from the Excel spreadsheet software and to prioritize the areas based on the indicators, WASPAS and WP multi-criteria decision-making techniques were used. The results show that in the spastic technique of the region 2 with the priority coefficient (355/0) in the first place, the third with a priority coefficient (336/0) in the second order, the seventh with a priority coefficient (315/0) in the third order The first one with a priority coefficient (0. 228) in the fourth order, the fifth area with the priority coefficient (0. 27) in fifth order, the fourth area with the coefficient of priority (0. 263) at the sixth level, the sixth area with the priority coefficient (240 / 0) is in the seventh rank and area eight with a priority coefficient (235/0) at the eighth position. The results of the WP technique show that area 8 with a score of (501/0), area 2 with a score of (273/0), area 3 with a score of (251/0), area 7 with a score of (24/03), area 4 with Score (212/0), District 1 with score (197/0), Area 5 with score (196/0) and Area 6 with a score of (193/0), respectively, from the most stable to the most unstable areas in terms of physical indicators of housing In the city of Gorgan.

Throughout history, urban spaces have been gradually declining in the quality of the physical environment and have become staging spaces for staging and movement. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of physical environment and its impact on behavioral patterns of people in Babatahar tomb in Hamadan, Iran. In order to prioritize the areas around the field to intervene in the improvement of behavioral patterns, TOPSIS analyzes the information. The results of the analysis show that space use is such that the eastern area with selective activities (11. 5%), social activities (15%) and then the southern area with selective activities (15. 5%), social activities ( 6. 5%) had higher scores than other areas. As such, social criteria, visual attributes, quality of urban life, safety and security are directly related to the occurrence of selective activities and social activities. More effective in the vitality and dynamics of this place. But the important thing about the duration of the event is that it happens in a short period of time, which in addition to enhancing the quality of the physical environment by creating desirable behavioral sites and dominating themthem.

Nowadays, most land use changes occur in urban areas, due to the growing population in cities and villages and the desire to live in urban areas. Urban rapid development in recent decades has led to large changes in the cities around and has had many environmental impacts. In this research, we evaluated land use changes and urban development simulation using satellite imagery and with neural network model and Markov chain auto-cells in Rasht city. For this purpose, Landsat satellite imageries were used from 2000, 2008 and 2017. After preprocessing the image and selecting the best band combination, the images were classified using the neural network method. Then the classified images were entered into the land changes model and predicted modeling output maps using the CA-MARCOVE method for 2027. The results obtained between 2000 and 2017 indicate that the area changes in urban lands, rice fields and forests were 9041. 88, 7841. 33 and 55. 78 hectares, respectively, which were positive in Rasht city and negative in rice fields and forest and the projection map for 2027 with the CA-MARCOVE method also indicated a significant increase in urban use of 14105. 04 hectares in the coming years. The results of this study indicate that the current trend of land use changes will lead to adverse environmental impacts and, consequently, irreversible socio-economic damage. Therefore, it is essential for the region planning and management unit to adopt a comprehensive approach to conduct future environmental problems and to curb the horizontal development of settlements in the area.