JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH)
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

In the real world, dispersion of suppliers and demanders prevents market formation. Kidney market is a true example of such markets that is not formed due to thin features. To tackle the problem, one needs to design a mechanism that can both revive the market and ensure the most efficient supply-demand matching. A matching is efficient when no other matching can allocate agents to a better place, or cannot strongly allocate an agent to a better place. To this end, the mechanism should be designed to allocate agents to their highest preferences, so that agents cannot make another better choice. In this study, information on 20 patient-donor pairs was recorded at a clearing house in Hamedan province in 2016. After processing data, the patients’ preferences were ordered in terms of matching blood group, illness period, donor’ s age, kinship relationship with donor, and gender of donor. Then, a mechanism was designed to match 17 patients with the most efficient kidneys. When patient ith matches donor ith and registers at the clearing house, the mechanism can offer her/his the most efficient kidney. If a given patient finds a donor better than his/her peer donor, then he/she will leave his/her peer donor. Otherwise, he/she matches her paired donor.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of life and non-life insurance on economic growth in Iran. To this end, the smooth transition regression (STR) model was used by gathering data on life and non-life insurance penetration, active population and gross fixed capital formation during 1947-2014. The results confirmed the non-linear effects of life and non-life insurance penetration rates on economic growth in Iran. Also, the logistic transfer function with two regime changes (LSTR2) was identified for both variables, and the life insurance penetration rate was selected as the appropriate transition variable. Thus, the regime has changed twice in the Iranian insurance industry. At %1 level of significance, the effectiveness of life insurance penetration rate in linear and non-linear parts of the model was-0. 13 and-0. 39, respectively. In addition, the effectiveness of non-life insurance penetration rate in the linear part of the model was 0. 08 at %10 level of significance, while its effectiveness in the non-linear part was 0. 52 in %1 level of significance. Since 2009, when the second regime change occurred for the total insurance industry, the negative effectiveness of life insurance penetration rate and positive effectiveness of non-life insurance penetration rate have been decreasing 3 times and 6 times, respectively. Therefore, the planning of the Iranian insurance industry is improving towards the global average performance, which means the increasing demand for life insurance. In addition, at %1 level of significance, the linear effectiveness of active population and gross fixed capital formation are estimated 1. 02 and 0. 24, respectively.

In recent years, declining fertility rate has been main problem in Iran. The theoretical framework shows that economic and social variables affect fertility rate. Household expected income is one of the most important variables influencing fertility rate. Expected income is directly related to the quality and quantity of future parents’ jobs. Using a panel data model, this research investigates the effect of labor market uncertainty on fertility rate in Iran's provinces during 2005-2013. Since there is no single index for labor market uncertainty, a proxy for job uncertainty was calculated for women and men. According to research findings, job uncertainty in both women and men is of important influence on fertility rate. Men's job uncertainty has a positive effect, but women's job uncertainty has a negative effect on fertility rate. As a result, the structure and expectations of the labor market among men and women are crucial factors in determining fertility rate. Hence, policymakers can increase fertility rates by improving the labor market structure.

The aim of this study is to explain the idea of forming emissions cap-and-trade market as a new market-based instrument to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Iron and Steel industry in Iran. Thus, as the first step of formation of such market in line with joining Iran to the Kyoto Protocol and Paris conference in 2020, this study deals with the feasibility of establishment such market in the Iron and Steel industry. In this regard, 10 factories are selected as representatives of all iron and steel production firms. Currently, these producers account for more than half of nominal capacity of steel products. In addition to examine the feasibility of emissions cap-and-trade market in Iron and steel industry, a hypothetical market is constructed for selected firms, and emissions cap and trade program was evaluated in economic terms. Findings show that forming such market as economic and environmental tool is impossible, or there is no incentive for establishing this market, and the economic savings will be negligible.

Considering poverty as income deprivation, neglects other types of poverty that people experience in reality. If we take poverty as capability deprivation, we can focus on other aspects of poverty beside the income poverty. Based on standard analysis of income and leisure subjects, people can substitute their income and leisure hours to increase their income and utility. According to capability approach, individual earnings are more valuable, if they originate from personal choices not his/her forced substitution leisure time for work time. This study tries to examine how to substitute time for income based on capability approach and to measure income, leisure and utility poverty lines among Tehran Men Teachers. To do this, we used a CES utility function. In addition, this study tries to recognize the attributes of people who cannot trade-off time poverty and income poverty.

Today, achieving financial stability alongside stabilizing inflation and output is of particular importance among monetary policymakers and regulatory authorities. In this study, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model was used for the period 1990: 1 to 2014: 4 in the economy of Iran, in which a measure of financial shock was also introduced. In this model, the financial shock is modeled as a reduction in external financing premium of the firm. Comparison of the performance of policy rules showed that following an expansionary financial shock, macro-prudential policy regime, in which instruments of monetary policy and macro-prudential policy deal with excessive growth of credit, leads to a significant reduction in the external financing premium of the firm. This in turn leads to less volatility in economic variables, such as inflation and output. This would improve the welfare in the Economy of Iran.

In this paper, we try to analyze the impacts of targeted subsidies plan and socioeconomic variables on demand for residential water of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, we use pooled data of 146729 urban households during 2007-2014 and estimate an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). The results show that targeted subsidies plan has no significant effect on demand for urban residential water. The price and income elasticity’ s of demand for residential water were estimated by-0. 94 and 0. 64, respectively. We also show that the household size and gender of household’ s head are of positive and significant effects on residential water consumption, while literacy rate of household’ s head and use of cloth washing machine affect negatively the demand for water. In addition, using dishwashing machine and size of household’ s dwelling have no significant effects on residential water consumption.

Monetary policy is an effective tool in influencing the macroeconomic variables such as production, employment and the general level of prices. The theoretical literature and empirical evidence show that the effects of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables are asymmetric depending on the level of development and depth of financial markets. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of financial development in the effectiveness of monetary policy on real output growth during business cycles. To this end, the effect of monetary policy on the real output growth is examined by applying a Markov-switching model and using the quarterly time-series data of Iran during 2001: 1 to 2013: 4. The results show that the effect of monetary policy on the real output growth during the recessions is significant and positive, while it is insignificant in the boom periods. In other words, the effect of monetary policy on the real output growth is asymmetric. Moreover, the results show that the net effect of monetary policy on the real output growth during business cycles depend on the level of financial development. During business cycles, if the level of financial development increases, then the effects of monetary policy on real output growth will decrease.