Payesh
Year:2021 | Volume:20 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Objective (s): Cultural capital is one capitals that plays an important role in lifestyle and social health of individuals and can affect quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between cultural capital and social health in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of citizens in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect data using an standard questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were applied for exploring the data. A P value less than 0. 05 was considered as statistical significance. Results: In all 384 citizens were entered into the study. The results showed that the mean social health among the citizens of Tehran was equal to 2. 87, which was slightly lower than average. Among the components of social health, social adaptation with 3. 10 had the highest and the social participation with 2. 66 had the lowest average. Only 40% of participants reported the level of cultural capital as much and very much. There was a positive and direct relationship between cultural capital and social health (Pearson correlation coefficient was 0. 417). Conclusion: The findings indicated that the average score of social health among the citizens of Tehran was equal to the average score and was positively correlated with cultural capital.

Objective (s): The present study aimed to identify the effective factors on improvement of in-service training of managers of health vocational education and training centers. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using semi-structured interviews with 16 faculty members and managers of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: The findings indicated that the improvement of in-service training of managers of vocational health education and training centers are influenced by educational factors, managerial factors and technological factors. Conclusion: Due to the expansion of ACECR affiliated Health Vocational Education and Training Centers, improvement of In-Service Training of Managers of educational centers needs more attention in this organization. The results of this study can be used as suitable solutions to improve in-service training of manager of vocational health education and training Centers.

Objective (s): In a threatening situation such as Covid-19 Pandemic, E-health is more effective in providing public health, including prevention, monitoring, diagnosis, prioritization, treatment and follow-up patients. Regardless of E-health potential benefits, implementation and adaptation barriers is expected. In this regarding, it is essential to study the factors influencing EHCR adoption. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of E-Health. Methods: In this research, the mixt method approach and exploratory design-typology creation model have been used. After conducting semi-structured interviews and a focus discussion group among physicians, specialists, health experts and CEOs, a research model was developed and tested one a sample of 417 physicians in an online survey. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has also been used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Results: Trust and confidentiality, waiting time, authority, health provider-patient relationship are influencing factors that affect adoption of E-health factor. Five other factors were also found that were similar to the UTAUT2 model: performance expectancy, effort expectancy or ease of use, facilities, price value, habit. All hypotheses were significant because the absolute value of the significant number obtained from the t statistic in all hypotheses was higher than 1. 96, with a 0. 84 effect rate. Conclusion: The findings from this study help to understand the factors influencing behavioral tendency in using E-Health. Theoretical findings, development, and validation in this dissertation provide a framework that includes the factors influencing the adoption of health technology, theoretical foundations for designing and selecting health technology in future health care before they enter the market, or solving the problems of their acceptance implementation.

Objective (s): Diabetes and its chronic complications is one of the major public health issues worldwide. The present study aimed to use photovoice in pre-diabetic people to design health promoting lifestyle educational content.: . Methods: This community-based participatory research was performed on 40 pre-diabetic participants in Hoveizeh health centers, Khozestan Province, Iran in 2018. Photovoice was used to better understand pre-diabetic adults about their experiences. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. All data were recorded and analyzed through content analysis based on narratives. Results: Data analysis revealed four main themes including daily living needs, neglect of the disease, education and provision of health care, lack of support to adapt physical environment. Conclusion: In designing educational content, it is necessary to place more emphasis on the four main themes extracted from the experiences of pre-diabetic people in order to provide more comprehensive services by health care personnel.

Objective (s): Secondary lymphedema is known as a common complication after breast cancer treatment. Exercise is considered as a valuable intervention in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on reducing edema volume and improving shoulder range of motion in breast cancer patients with lymphedema. Methods: Thirty patients with lymphedema were included in this randomized double-blind study. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to the exercise plus complete decongestive therapy (exercise + CDT) group and the rest was allocated to the control group (CDT only). In exercise group, patients received a Pilates exercise program with a routine CDT. Variables of edema volume and shoulder range of motion were measured in five different times including before treatment, on 7, 14, 21, and 42-day of the treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Results: The mean age (SD) of patients in the study was 56. 3 (6. 1) years. Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical and demographic variables. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, an improvement in shoulder range of motion and edema volume were observed in two groups over time. Based on the results, the effect of complete decongestive therapy alone and in combination with exercise (Pilates) on edema volume and shoulder range of motion were statistically significant as indicated by within group comparison during the study period (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The exercise can improve the shoulder range of motion and also can lead to less pain and volume in patients suffering from breast cancer related lymphedema. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of improvement in shoulder range of motion or edema volume, no adverse effect of Pilates was noticed.

Objective (s): Family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders experience a great deal of psychological burden. Various interventions have been performed to reduce the psychological problems and psychological burden of caregivers. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a psychoeducational intervention and quality of life therapy on the psychological burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental illness. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 150 family caregivers of severely mentally ill patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2020. Caregivers randomly were allocated in three groups: quality of life therapy intervention (50 people), psycho-education intervention (50 people) and control group (50 people). The quality of life therapy intervention group received 8 sessions and psycho-education group received four sessions training during two weeks each lasting for 90 minutes. The psychological burden of caregivers was assessed before and 4 weeks after the training through using the Zarit burden questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Results: The mean score of psychological burden of caregivers was significantly different between the three groups after the intervention (P = 0. 002). Post hoc analysis showed that the mean score of psychological burden of caregivers in quality of life therapy group and psychological education was significantly different from the control group (P = 0. 001). Also, the mean score of psychological burden of caregivers in quality of life therapy was significantly less than the score in psychological educational intervention group (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: Quality of life therapy was more effective in reducing the psychological burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders compared to psychological educational intervention.

Objective (s): In order to prevent the complications of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients with stroke, home-based care programs could be effective. This study aimed to assess such an intervention. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients with stroke in Zahedan, Iran, in 2019. The intervention group received rehabilitation trainings for three sessions each lasting for 45 minutes. The control group received the usual care. The specific quality of life questionnaire for stroke patients was administered one and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software performing repeated measures analysis, independent t-test and chi-square. Results: The mean score of total quality of life in one and three months after the intervention was significantly higher in intervention group compared to the control group (p <0. 001). The results of repeated measures analysis of variance regarding the effect of time and group on quality of life and its dimensions showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P <0. 001). Conclusion: Home-based rehabilitation intervention could improve quality of life of patients suffering from stroke.

Objective (s): The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education on children's anxiety and parenting stress of mothers. Methods: Non-congruent multiple baseline experimental single-case studies were used as the method in the current study. Three anxious children and their mothers were selected through purposeful sampling in Ahvaz, Iran. The effectiveness of acceptance-and-commitment-based parenting education protocol was carried out in three phases (baseline assessment, 12 session treatment, and 1-month follow-up) by using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Form and the Parenting Stress Index– Short Form). The data were analyzed by visual mapping, reliable change index and recovery percentage formula. The direction changes, PND, and POD were the most important variables of visual analysis of trend changes. Results: The mothers and children's reliable change indices were significant in all the instances except for the second mother and child. The subjects' recovery percentage showed that the results of the reliable change indices and recovery percentages are consistent. Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment-based parenting education can reduce parenting stress and children's anxiety by increasing parent's acceptance, mindfulness, and moving toward parenting values.

Objective (s): Single child behavior affects very low fertility with negative growth rate and lack of replacement. In this study was attempted to investigate the prevalence and determinants of single child behavior amongst women living in Fars province, Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted using the analysis of the 2016 census micro-data. The statistical population was comprised of married women having one children. A 2% sample was selected for this second analysis. The individual and residential characteristics were used as the independent variables. Results: In all the data for 15076 women were analyzed. Single child was more prevalent among women with higher education as well as employed women than other their counterparts. The findings suggested that the odds of single child for the women who were living in an apartment as well as those who were resident in a rented house was more than counterparts. With increasing overcrowding, the probability of single child increased. Increasing the area of the living places had significantly reduced the probability of single child. Conclusion: The best population policy for achieving the higher fertility rate and replacement fertility level is attention to the housing policy. Continuing the current housing status can may lead to the more prevalence of single child in the province.

Objective (s): Addiction (substance addiction) is considered as one of the health issues which can influence physical, emotional and social aspects of people’ s life and impose psychosocial problems for their families and communities. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and ethical foundations with substance abuse tendency among young female students in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of female students aged 15 to 18 years in Tehran, Iran. Statistical population consisted of 241 girls who were selected with systematic non-probability sampling and available in the first semester of academic year in 2019-2020 and respond to three questionnaires including the Ethical Foundations Scale and the Addiction Tendency Scale and the Religiosity Scale. Spearman correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. Results: The results obtained from the analysis showed that religiosity and moral foundations with substance abuse tendency significant were correlated (p<0. 01). In addition, the findings showed that religiosity and moral foundations predicted a total of 17% of changes to substance abuse among girls. Furthermore, among subscales of the religiosity, the outcome of being a Muslim (r =-0. 35) and among the subscales of moral foundations, loyalty to a group (-= 0. 28) had the most significant relationship. Conclusion: The finding suggest that religiosity and moral foundations can play a major role in reducing high-risk behaviors, especially addiction, in adolescent girls.