STRATEGIC RESEARCH ON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN IRAN
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (24)|Papers Count:7

Introduction Fear of crime is fundamentally an emotional reaction accompanied with danger and anxiety. This phenomenon is not necessarily a real fear and it could be an expected one. Theoretically, women and the elderly are more exposed to crime, and based on the valid documents, they have a higher fear of crime than others, because they are more vulnerable. Fear of crime as a social construct is affected by several factors and it seems that it could be additionally influenced by social and cultural capitals. When people get aged, they normally experience an unwelcome decrease in social networks that results from retirement, loneliness, or losing spouse. All of these experiences lead to the decline of social support. Accordingly, social isolation, and smaller social networks bring about fear of crime among the elderly people. Furthermore, having cultural capital means increasing information and cognitive potency. Naturally, growing information and cognitive strength equip individuals with some needed capabilities and skills for facing everyday life problems like fear of crime, because they are more able than others to distinguish the problem and to find suitable solutions for encountering them. As a result, the main goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between social and cultural capitals with fear of crime among the elderly people in Shiraz...

Introduction Security is an unavoidable need, and a security-deprived society will have a population lacking in mental peace. The security of a society is as important as the sense of security and psychological security in that community. So, planning is easier in a secure society. Planning is caused by scarcity of resources and determining how resources are distributed among the interests of the owners and among different locations. The spatial distribution of resource types means that everyone in an area level is given equal access to resources and facilities. Security and sense of security is also one of the sources that have a significant impact on the distribution and density of populations across different regions. Accordingly, identifying security and safety factors as well as identifying the level of security in the regions are essential preconditions for planning to enhance security and achieve development. Yazd province is one of the central provinces of Iran, which is a kind of communication highway of the country. The immigration on the one hand and relocation of people from neighboring provinces to the province to work in the industrial cities on the other hand, as well as the created ethnic, religious and cultural diversity, have caused challenges such as social damages to Yazd province. Regarding the importance of this issue, the main purpose of this study is to estimate and classify the level of human security and its spatial distribution in 10 cities of Yazd province. Finally, solutions can be provided to greater security and secure justice in different parts of the province...

Introduction Citizenship is one of the most important social issues that has had various interpretations in humanities so far. These rights are sometimes interpreted as civil and political rights, sometimes human rights, and in some cases, social rights, as various humanities scholars have attempted to interpret these rights, each with their viewpoints and theories. Each of these theories has examined different aspects of citizenship law. This paper examines theoretically and empirically some of the social and cultural barriers to the practice of citizenship law in criminal law, including clerks, prosecutors, and court judges. Theoretical themes of this research are based on a set of views on citizenship law (TC Marshall Social Theory of Citizenship), social factors (labeling, pressure, ecological and relative deprivation theories) and cultural factors (cultural latency theories, cultural dissemination, and capital)....

Introduction The law enforcement is considered as one of the official providers of social order. According to empirical evidence, there is a type of skepticism amongst people and the community against law enforcement organizations; the majority of complaints have been posed with regards to police stations and the road police. The dominant approach employed in the existing research on the role and position of police in social security and order involves a quantitative, extrinsic nature. Furthermore, the audience in such studies mainly included people and the society (e. g. Doosti & Fallahi, 2015; Habibzadeh & Soltani, 2016; Kamran & Ahmadian, 2009; Saei & Bakhshi, 2012), while studying the NAJA staffs themselves as providers of social security and order has been overlooked. The present study seeks to delve into the world of the NAJA staffs using the qualitative method. The study of backgrounds and semantic implications of order from the perspective of NAJA staffs could be very beneficial for understanding and analyzing social order in a society where order is retained majorly by organizations supervised by NAJA. It could also contribute to the reformation of administrative structures and providing an exquisite approach and insight within the police force on how to provide and retain security and order through an interactive and participatory approach in the society. This issue is of particular significance in the case (Shahin Dezh) studied in the present research due to its multicultural and multiethnic texture...

Introduction The presence of women as one of the most important and vulnerable user groups of urban spaces requires requirements and prerequisites. One of the most important of which is ‘ safety’ . The perception of women safety in urban spaces depends on many factors. Physical-spatial characteristics, economic status, political and social conditions, cultural issues, each with their own indicators, affect the level of women's safety. But, studies show that women in urban spaces with better qualities, have stronger sense of safety. This article aims to investigate the relationship between environmental indicators and women's sense of safety in urban spaces at the neighborhood scale...

Destabilization and weakness of the foundation of family and the reduction of love and affection among family members are examples of the consequences of today’ s civilized and industrialized society. But, since the family is regarded as the footstone of the society, emotional divorce has changed from being a private problem into a public problem in the structure of a society which requires a lot of attention. The maladjustment of married couple who did not get divorced formally has more negative, physical, emotional, moral and social effects for the couple and their children than for the family members of the divorced couple. Emotional divorce is one of the important cultural problems in a society. The basis of family is formed through the marriage of a man and a woman. Without having a healthy life, no society can have a healthy community and all of the social harms are influenced by the family. Emotional divorce is not recorded anywhere and is related to families in which, because of the reasons such as the dominant customs in family, negative attitudes of the society towards the women, and the incapability in meeting the needs of the life, women forcibly decide to continue their common life with their husbands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social consequences of emotional divorce among married women in Tehran city. Emotional divorce and the problems following it are reflected directly in social problems of the society and increase the social harms which influence the children who live in this society. Emotional divorce has been examined in Iran in descriptive and qualitative forms and there has been less effort to analyze it sociologically, and because of social and cultural conditions there has been less interest towards it. The purpose of the present research is to sociologically examine the social consequences of emotional divorce of women settled in Tehran...