Introduction: In recent years, reducing the fertility rate has been one of the most important social policy concern in Iran. In this regard, one of the main reasons originates from the country's economic structure. Iran's population increased dramatically during the latter half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016. In recent years, however, Iran's birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilizes above 100 million by 2050. More than half of Iran's population is under 35 years old. Islamic Republic of Iran has performed well on social indicators, especially in providing basic services such as health care and education. This country with 70 million people has undergone a substantial fertility decline in recent decades. In 1980, Iran’ s total fertility rate was 6. 58; however, it declined to 1. 9 by 2006 with the most rapid decline during the 1990s. Iran’ s fertility decline may have proceeded in the two stages of which the first one began in the late 1960s. The Iranian government introduced a family planning program during the 1960s with explicit health and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined (mainly in urban areas) to an average of 4 children per woman. Although the family planning program continued after the 1979 Islamic revolution, it was suspended after the war broke out with Iraq in 1980 (World Bank, 2010).