Police Historical Studies
Year:2018 | Volume:5 | Issue:18|Papers Count:6

One of the main happenings which led to the transformation in various scopes such as the legal and juridical structure of country, is the Constitutional revolution. This writing aims to extract the juridical challenges of Iran in the criminal scope among sources in a descriptive _analytical method method. This research was inspired by the results of examining and studying a wide range of Administrative documents of the judiciary in the number of ten thousands documents. These documents which have not been exploited by researchers so far are related to the constitutional period (1324_1344 AH, 1285_1304 SH). Considering these documents by studying the challenges of the juridical system during the constitutional in the criminal law area, it can be concluded that the land deed weaknesses caused the emergence of a phenomenon known as civil registry and financial documents forgery. Also the economic poverty in this period caused the commitment of many banditry and robbery offenses. On the other hand, by the constitutional revolution Iran was placed in a new legal system and also the press offenses were considered.

Since the objective of this research is to investigate the presence of kings, rulers and troops in Sharifabad village during various periods, it tries to answer the question that what was their causes and consequences in the war situations in this region? The research findings based on the field and library methods show that this village has been an appropriate place for kings, rulers and troopers' military travels because it was located at the important ways and also having affluent agriculture, adequate water, abundant grains and it's strategic position, such that during different historical periods the Qajariyeh and Safavi kings selected this region for travel. More importantly, this region was an appropriate place in the war situations during the history as during Qajariyeh and second Pahlavi dynasties the troops attended this region in order for reinforcement and supply provisions and design war plans. After the world war II and Iran's occupancy by allieds and also the formation of independent government "Democratic faction " by Pishevari and the establishment of troops in Sharifabad, the Russian troops and their roles in the region's events had been reinforced

One of the most important means in government's successes during the human being history has been maintaining security and order for people welfare. Of course this required the presence of powerful rulers. During Qajariyeh in which Iran had been considered by the world powers, due to the problems the government had been confronted with, the security was basically underwent some challenges. The state of Fars as one of the wide states of country experienced this insecurity due to the commercial paths passing through it to other parts of the country. In this research using descriptive _analytical method, we investigate the role of Gharasorans as the protectors of Fars paths security. The research findings indicate that Gharasorans acted well in maintaining the security of ways only if the central government kept it's power and they received their wages on time. Whenever these payments failed, this security vanished. Also the financial abuses by the rulers of the protected ways, the little numbers of Gharasorans and insecurity provoked by different tribes (Qashqai, Khamseh) affected this problem. This entailed the complaints of both merchants and passengers and the British officiers. Protecting the commercial interests of Britain especially in ways of Shiraz_Booshehr and Booshehr _ Esfahan was the priority of this government which was accompanied by difficulties by invasion of south Khans and some tribes. They tried to prevent these adjustments in different ways and by reflecting their complaints to Britain's Consulate in India. Finally the establishment of Gharasorans was dissolved when Gendarmerie was founded and Rezakhan came to the power.

This paper has studied the reflection of equipment, techniques and military instruments during Ghaznavian and Seljuks in the texts of "Tarikh Behagi ", "Rahatolsodor & Ayatolsoroor" and "Farsnameh" in a comparative form. It is a response to the question that to what extent the mentioned texts encompass the issues related to the equipment, techniques and military instruments during Ghaznavian and Seljuks? The authors of this paper have tried to reflect the military issues in these three works and compare them comprehensively. The research method is descriptive _analytical in a librarian form. The research objective is to study the texts of these three works, then it will examined the obtained data regularly. The result of this research indicates that in all three works the military issues are investigated. But in comparison, the text of Tarikh Beihaghi has depicted the military aspects more than others.

Navy had been considered as the most important element of power during nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Due to more than 1200 km marine boundary in the Persian gulf and Oman sea in south which is the maximum coastline among the region's countries, it had a good position to form navy in this period _most of which is contemporary to Qajariyeh ruling over Iran. Thus this research aims to study the position of Iran navy during Qajariyeh in Persian gulf and Oman sea. This research with a descriptive _analytical approach and using historical first hand sources and documents examines the position of Iran navy in the Persian gulf during Qajariyeh period. The research findings indicate that at the southern coastal boundaries of Iran during Qajar, often the marine power factors such as: geographical location, natural features, long coasts, demographic and people in south 's interested in the sea and seacraft have been existed potentially. But instead of these good conditions, Iran's navy and army in the Persian gulf had been one of the weakest navies in the region which had not even been able to protect its security and coasts. The lack of an obvious policy in governing these important regions, lack of recognition and inadequate attention by Qajar kings and politicians to the importance of south islands and ports and the powerful presence of colonialist countries especially Britain in the Persian gulf inhibited the development of Iran marine power during Qajariyeh.

The security consequences of Armenia slaughter which is recalled as the term "genocide " by many researchers, had influential security consequences. This is very important for us as Iranians in the respect that Iran is in the neighborhood of Armenia and Turkey governments, also it has good relations with these countries. Thus realizing the causes and roots of this event remove the uncertainties regarding the requests from parties to decode the issue. However it still is viewed as one of the most ambiguous and painful historical disasters. The main question in this research is that what are the results and consequences of Osmani and Armenia confrontation in 1915 over the boundaries of Iran with Armenia and Turkey? In this disaster of genocide there were three groups of opponents, advocates and impartials. Most advocates of genocide believe that this historical event is on the same degree as the Holucust against Jewishs. With respect to the lack of material and emotional compensation for Osmani and today's Turkey and also rejecting the happening of genocide in this event, this has had a negative impact on the relationships between Turkey and Armenia and continuing the conflicts in these two countries relations can make the boundaries of Iran, Turkey and Armenia insecure. In this writing some researchers have examined the objectives of Osmani government in this event and explained the nationalistic, geographical, military and religious porpuses to introduce Osmani government as the main element of compulsory migration and slaughtering millions of Armenians in a scientific and documentary way.