JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2020 | Volume:13 | Issue:1 (48)|Papers Count:8

Inroduction & Objective: Aromatherapy with essential oils (EO) in rats has been reported to alter some of the serum variables and reduce anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with ginger EO on serum metabolites and fear related responses in capons and intact cockerels. Materials and Methods: In this study, 10 caponized and 10 sham-operatedcockerelswere used. Half of the poultries in each group (capons=5 andsham-operated cockerels=5) were treated by aromatic EO in a chamber, and the rest of experimental poultries were exposed to water vapor in the same chamber. Eachbird after removal from the chamber was held by both legs and swung into an inverted position for 30 s and thereaftertonic immobility (TI)test was performed on it. Two weeks after this test, the aromatherapy process was repeated in all birds and blood plasma metabolites were measured before and after aromatherapy. Results: Aromatherapy in the caponized group resulted in a decrease in the tonic immobility duration, indicating a decrease in fearfulness induced by harvesting process. Moreover, aromatherapy significantly increased plasmalevels of glucose, protein and total urea in cockerels. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is probably by activating the sympathetic system and increase blood pressure, lead to increased levels of glucose, protein and serum urea and reduce the number of inductions required to attain the TI response. Therefore, ginger EOexposure during manual harvesting maybe advisable to reduce fearful responses in cockerels.

Inroduction & Objective: Human tears are a complex combination of proteins, enzymes, fats, metabolites, and electrolytes that in spite of keeping the eye surface clean and transparent, play an important role in nourishing the eye. Material and Method: The age of the women tested was ranging from 18 to 24 years old and had complete physical and visual health with similar diet during one month before sampling. Tear samples of women were prepared as treatment on the third day of menstruation and control samples three days after menstruation. Some tear proteins were also analyzed by FPLC and RP-HPLC. In the present study, some biochemical alterations such as changes in lysozyme, peroxidase, alpha-amylase, tyrosinase, and changes in metabolites such as glucose, phosphorus, and calcium were measured and compared in tears of women during menstruation and normal conditions. Results: Biochemical results showed that the concentration of proteins (quantitative and qualitative (SDS-PAGE)) and lysozyme, peroxidase and tyrosinase enzymes increased in menstrual women as compared to their normal state, while alpha-amylase, glucose, phosphorus, and calcium were lower in tears during menstruation. Conclusion: According to our study, the reduction of glucose, phosphorus and calcium in tears can be considered as an indicator in comparative studies and medical diagnosis in women under menstruation.

Inroduction & Objective: Methionine (Met) being the first limiting amino acid in maize/soybean-based quail diets, its supplementation provides scope for improvement of protein quality and reduction of dietary protein concentration. Material and Methods: To evaluate the effects of methionine deficiencyon histology of selective lymphatic organs of Japanese quail, 20 one-day old quails were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 10 birds. One group received methionine deficientdietwhile another group of birds was fed withstandard diet as control. After 6 weeks, all birds were sacrificed and bursa of Fabricius, thymus, caecal tonsils and spleen were removed immediately and after processing by routine histological methods. Results: Histomorphometric assays were performed by Axio vixion Rel4. 8 software. Data were expressed as Mean± SD. Data analysis was performed by Independent samples T test method and differences considered statistically different at p<0. 05. Results showed that dietary methionin deficiency adversely affects histological features of bursa of Fabricius, caecal tonsils and thymus that causes statistically decreasein the plicae height and follicle numbers in bursa of Fabricius, decrease in follicular number of nodular unit of caecal tonsils and decrease in lobular width ofthymus. Whereasspleen showed no changes in their histological aspects. Conclusion: It would be possible that above reduced parameters are caused by a reduction in cell production although rising in migration and transferring abilities of cells to their peripheral tissues may also be important. Thelack of considerable changes in the spleen may be due to compensatory mechanisms that require further investigation to determine the definitive cause of these events.

Inroduction & Objective: Our aim a cross-sectional study was to compare the follicular fluid level of interleukins 3, 5, and 6 and clinical factors in patients with unexplained infertility with healthy subjects in the outcome of In vitro fertilization (IVF). Material and Methods: Initiation of ovulation stimulating with ovulation stimulating drugs in different protocols started in 60 infertile patients with unexplained infertility and 40 fertile women. Subjects underwent antagonist and agonist protocol for ovarian stimulation. Then their follicular fluid was separated and the follicular concentration of interleukins 3, 5 and 6 determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The diagnostic value of these 3 interleukins was also evaluated using the Roc curve. Results: Among the clinical factors, the endometrial thickness and testosterone levels significantly between the two groups (P <0. 0001and P = 0. 002), that the mean endometrial thickness was lower and the mean testosterone level was higher than the control group. So, hirsutism and hyperandrogenism significantly correlated between the patient and control groups (P = 0. 046 and P = 0. 046). Interleukin-3, 5, and 6 concentrations decreased in the patient, that the only reduction in IL-5 concentration significantly in the case group compared to the healthy group (P <0. 0001). The diagnostic accuracy of IL-5 in the FF wasmoderate with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0. 71. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the follicular fluid interleukin-5 concentration between infertile and fertile women. This cytokine may be involved in the pathophysiology of unexplained infertility.

Inroduction & Objective: Tissue lesions is one of the reliable biomarkers of present contaminants in aquatic environments and aquatic body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histopathology of intestine tissue as a marker of environmental contamination in Pomadasys kaakan and Lutjanus johnii in the Oman Sea. Material and Methods: Nine Pomadasys kaakan (average length 35. 5± 4. 35 cm and mean total weight 512. 6± 58. 5g) and 9 Lutjanus johnii (mean length 22. 5± 3. 41 cm and mean total weight (205. 6± 22 g) of the three stations of Konarak, HaftTir and Ramin were caught using by gillnet in winter 2016. The intestine tissue of fish was separated and fixed in Bowen's solution to observe the type and severity of tissue lesions. After routine histological procedures, 5 microns thick sections of intestinal tissue were prepared using microtome cutting device and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Then, tissue lesions were evaluated using a light microscope equipped with a digital camera. Results: Lesions such as necrosis, pyknotic nuclei formation, hemorrhage, vacuolation, hyperplasia and cell swelling were observed in fish intestine tissue at the studied stations. The lowest tissue lesions were observed in fish caught at the Konarak and Ramin stations and the highest at Haft Tir station. Conclusion: Which could be due to the increased traffic and catching of fishing boats, cargo ships and commercial vessels in the semi-closed waters of these harbours.

Inroduction & Objective: Beluga sturgeon(Huso huso) is one of the most valuable species of sturgeon for breeding and rearing in aquaculture farms. Understanding the quality of gonads, especially gonads in female, is essential to the success of breeding and reproducing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in body size (length and weight) and steroid hormones based on the echogenicity (volume and color) observed from gonad in ultrasound on 4-year-old female beluga sturgeon (n=20) Material and Method: For this purpose, the fish were bio-assayed and blood analyzed. The SonoAce R3 was used for ultrasound by adjusting the frequency between 8-9 Hz, hormonal assay was performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: Mean total weight (TW), total length (TL), standard length (SL), condition factor (CF) of fish were 9. 96 kg, 114. 45 cm, 101. 65 cm, 0. 93 and mean of E2, T and 17􀀀 , 20􀀀 OH-P were 0. 49, 0. 28 and 41. 7 ng/ml, respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of morphometric parameters in different gonadal colors in sonographic observations (p> 0. 05). However, there was a significant difference between their mean values with respect to different gonad volumes in the ultrasound observations (p<0. 05) whereas fish with a higher average of total weight, total length, standard length, and condition factor showed good gonad volume in the ultrasound observations. There was also no significant difference between mean values of steroid hormones in terms of volume and color of gonad (p> 0. 05). Conclusion: Since the larger fish had a favorable gonad volume in the ultrasound observations, thus, separation and maintenance of such stocks for reproduction is more desired and reduces costs. Also steroid hormones in 4-year-old female beluga are not associated with gonadal echogenicity characteristics and cannot be used as a determination method.

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. Materials and Methods: In this study, effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and MOS on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and intestine morphology of Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. Juvenile rainbow trout (n=270) in 6 administration groups in 18 tanks were kept and fed with diets containing different doses (0. 3 and 0. 5 g kg-1 feed) of the probiotic, (2 g kg-1 feed) of prebiotic, (0. 3+2 and 0. 5+ 2g kg-1 feed of probiotic and prebiotic respectively) and a control group for 45 days. Results: Results showed a positive effect on growth performance and digestive enzymes activity in probiotic (0. 3 and 0. 5 g kg-1 feed of probiotic) and synbiotic groups compared to the control group(p<0. 05).

Inroduction & Objective: At present, the use of probiotics as goodalternative for antibiotics is greatlyincreasing in aquaculture industry. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of B. subtilis probiotic (KEMIN ® ) on growth and hematological parameters and also the morphology of intestine of rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Material and Method: In this study 135 fish with an average initial weight of 35. 68 ± 2. 5 g were fed diets supplemented with of probiotic after 50 days. Experimental treatments included control without probiotic (control group), 1 and 2% probiotic levels. Fish were randomly sampled at the end of experimental period. The blood was extracted from caudal vein of samples for measuringblood parameters (total red and white cells, hemoglobin, differential blood cell count). Intestinal morphology including height and width of villi, density and area of goblet cells were quantified for histological examination. Growth parameters was also determined. Results: At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with probiotic supplemented diets had significantly higher growth performance than control group (p < 0. 05). In addition, fish fed with probiotic diets had significantly higher red blood cell, neutrophils and height of villi compared to the control group (p < 0. 05). No significant difference of some hematological parameters (such as white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophils and monocyte) and intestinal morphology (width of villi, density and area of goblet cells) was observed in all groups (p> 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the oral administration of B. subtilis possessed the beneficial and positive effects on growth and hematological factors as well as intestine tissue of rain bow trout.