HORIZONS OF SECURITY
Year:2020 | Volume:13 | Issue:48|Papers Count:8

The currency crisis or the sharp, continuous, and involuntary rise in the exchange rate is known as a threat to the economy and economic security due to its devastating effects on macroeconomic indicators, especially inflation and destabilization. In the Iranian economy, the currency crisis has occurred in several stages, the most recent and perhaps most important of which occurred in 1997, which had and continues to have far-reaching political, security and economic consequences. Examining the causes and factors and identifying the contribution of each in this event is very important and can be a beacon to continue the path of economic governance. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to identify 40 factors and experts involved in the subject of the causes affecting this event and to identify the importance and weight of each factor using the focus group method. The results show that although the return of US unilateral sanctions by Trump in 1997 played a key role in changing expectations of the foreign exchange market, the most important factor in the currency shock of 1997 was the cessation of the central bank's foreign exchange intervention in the open market. And the incorrect policy of setting a rate of 4200 Tomans for the currency at the beginning of 1997 led to the encouragement and mutation of the demand for foreign exchange and the non-return and hoarding of foreign exchange by major exporters and mainly dependent on the government.

tic and logical view, been the biggest supporter of the liberation movements in the world, and specifically the center of resistance. The Islamic Republic of Iran's macro and strategic approach to foreign policy has moved along this path. In fact, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has not only revived the aristocratic movements of the region and the world, including the axis of resistance, but has also reproduced and expanded this discourse. Therefore, by analyzing the foundations of the revolution, the present study has investigated the causes and necessities of supporting the Islamic liberation movements and the axis of resistance. The purpose of this research is applied research which is done by descriptive-analytical and survey method and also to collect research data by using library-documentary method and questionnaire distribution among experts and professors in this field. Analysis is underway. The results of this study indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the principles of pure Islam Mohammadi, constitutional judgments, national security interests and the expectations and strategies of the Imam of the Revolution, defends the rights of all Muslims with moral and material support. It focuses on resistance and liberation movements; and finally, by providing a conceptual model of appropriate methods and how to support and support the axis of resistance in the military, cultural, religious, relief, health, economic, intelligence, and political dimensions. Explains at different technical, tactical, operational and strategic levels.

In the United States, think tanks are known alongside the media as the fourth element of democracy. These think tanks, which have elites with experience in policy making, have growing influence in agenda setting, notably foreign policy, and become an effective variable in decision making in the US. One of interests of these think tanks is the US Middle East policy, which has become a high priority over the past decades with developments such as the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the formation of the Resistance Front and the strengthening of militant groups against the Israeli regime. Regional policies or Iran's regional influence (in the words of these think tanks) has now become a problematic issue that American think tanks are seeking to control and limit by suggesting various solutions. Therefore, the main question of the article is: What is the impact of American think tanks on US foreign policy toward Iran's regional role? The Hypothesis of this article is that American think tanks are divided over Iran's regional role. While some of them (moderates) are seeking to control Iran, as not to be an obstacle to American hegemony in the West Asia region, but others (extremists) consider Iran a vital threat and seek to weaken Iran severely and they are even looking for regime change in Iran. The present study was performed by an analytical, descriptive method based on library studies.

Commander Qassem Soleimani was assassinated in a US drone strike on Baghdad airport on the morning of Friday, January 4, 2010. Abu Mahdi al-Mohandes, a commander of the Iraqi al-Hashd al-Sh’ abi militia group, was also assassinated in the attack together with 10 others. The US Department of Defense announced that the order for the airstrike was issued by President Donald Trump, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Due to various internal and global consequences of this event, it can be analyzed in terms of international standards. Interviewing prominent professors of Iranian international law, this study aims at finding out whether the United States is internationally responsible according to international responsibilities of states adopted in 2001 by the International Law Commission, or not. Second, the research tries to find out how Iran can validate its right to file a lawsuit? The research hypothesis indicates that America’ s offensive action is condemned according to Article 2 of international responsibility laws. Iran can refer to some international and domestic judicial bodies to file a lawsuit. If this does not end in the realization of Iran’ s right, Iran can seek out its right by appealing to the self-help doctrine.

Commander Qassem Soleimani was assassinated in a US drone strike on Baghdad airport on the morning of Friday, January 4, 2010. Abu Mahdi al-Mohandes, a commander of the Iraqi militia group al-Hashd al-Shaabi, was killed along with 10 others in the attack. The US Department of Defense has announced that the order for the airstrike was issued by President Donald Trump and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. This issue can be analyzed in terms of international standards due to various internal and global consequences. In this article, the author tries to explain in an interview with prominent professors of Iranian international law whether, firstly, the United States has international responsibility in accordance with the draft international responsibility of states adopted in 2001 by the International Law Commission. Secondly, in what ways can Iran realize the right and file a lawsuit? The research hypothesis shows that the elements of the offending act of the United States can be realized according to Article 2 of the draft and international responsibility can be assigned to this country and Iran can refer to some international and domestic authorities to file a lawsuit. He can exercise his right by appealing to the self-help doctrine.

Movement diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has played an important role in the formation of foreign and international relations since the beginning of the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Such a role in the constitution gradually led to the formation of governing structures such as the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, whose main mission is to support and support the liberation movements and pro-resistance governments around the world. Cooperation with other formal and legal structures of the system is determined. However, it seems that after four decades of the establishment of the Islamic Republic and in the early years of the second step of the revolution, this issue has not been properly researched and perhaps paid for scientifically and perhaps on the other hand. The problems ahead are not designed and developed. The main purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze this issue, which tries to explain the conceptual and theoretical framework of resistance and its strong position in the constitution, the relationship between movement diplomacy and foreign policy, and finally the issues facing the application of movement diplomacy in Assess the field of foreign policy within the framework of the proposed roadmap.

This article has been written in order to design the model of defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic in order to create security and deepening the Islamic Revolution. The statistical population of this study included three spectrums, scientific experts of "university professors", staff managers of the armed forces and experts from the Ministries of Defense and Foreign Affairs. The sampling method is based on targeted sampling. Sample size of 18 people including; There were 6 scientific experts, 6 staff commanders and 6 experts in political and defense affairs. To collect the data, both library and field methods were used, using the library method to study the literature and research background and the field method to collect sample members' opinions. Data collection tools were in the library, fish method, and in the in-depth interview method. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results and findings of the paper show that this model includes three national, regional and international dimensions. The national dimension is the eight components, the regional dimension is the eight components, and the international dimension is the seven components.