Journal of New Economy and Trade
Year:2018 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

The cooperative approach towards trade, which is reflected in Asian International Input-Output tables, is the main factor influencing East Asian economic development. In this research, we have calculated interdependency and self-sufficiency indicators by using recently published IIO 2005. We also have used Shrestha and Hasebe (2006) results for 1990, 1995, 2000 to analyze the trends of the indicators. The results show that the interdependency has increased in the region during 1990-2005, but it has decreased in other countries in the world. The interesting result is that despite the gradual decline in self-dependency indicators of the East Asian countries during 1990-2005, they are still high in 2005. It means that the trade policy in the last three decades has been focused on importing only intermediate goods instead of final goods in order to increase the internal capacity of production. These changes have been analyzed by three phases of East Asian regionalism (Baldwin, 2008); (a) rampant unilateralism, (b) regionalism delayed, unilateralism accelerated, and (c) rampant regionalism. Due to the importance of Japan and China in the region, the trade interdependencies between countries with respect to Japan and China are also calculated separately. The results show decreasing interdependency of those countries to Japan, but increasing to China since 2000.

This paper aims to analyze the long run effects of Iran's tariff reduction in the framework of accession to the WTO on agricultural and industrial sectors trade, using Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (RDCGE) model and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of 2011, . According to the results, joining the WTO will lead to a 70 percent jump in the imports of agricultural products. Then, the process of mild reduction of imports initiates and continues for a decade and stabilizes in the second and third decade following accession. Agricultural exports also grow slowly after a reduction for a decade. Hence, the negative effects of joining the WTO in agricultural sector is mostly appeared in the first decade after accession. In the industrial sector, by contrast, imports and exports jump 21 and 3 percent, respectively, after which the reduction process starts and continues more sharply and lengthy than agricultural sector. Average estimated long-run growth rates of industrial imports and exports are-3/7 and-3/5 percent, respectively. Although total imports increases in short-run due to tariff reduction, it decreases, in long-run, due to fall in the demand for domestic production, GDP, and household real income. Furthermore, decreases too. low competitiveness of local products will lead to a fall in GDP and total exports

In the recent decades, foreign direct investment (FDI) has expanded greatly in many countries due to the globalization Foreign direct investment affects employment level through direct and indirect channels. FDI as a source of the capital, increases output and, therefore, can directly increase employment. Also through transferring new technology, management skills, and knowledge and their spillovers, FDI can improve competitiveness, enhance the labor knowledge and productivity, and improve the balance of payments, which indirectly increase the demand for labor and thus employment. In this study, we examine the effect of FDI on employment using a panel data including 49 countries (OECD and developing countries) during 1990-2013. The results show that FDI has a positive effect on employment in OECD countries and a negative effect on employment in developing countries.

In this research, the interaction effects of financial sources abundance and good governance on income distribution is studied for selected (18) Islamic countries in the period 1996-2015. The dynamic panel data model is estimated using the GMM method. The results of the study show the negative and statistically significant coefficient of the interaction term between the financial sources abundance and governance on Gini coefficient. Specifically, the results implicate that improvement of governance leads to an optimal allocation and functional improvement of financial sources in decreasing income inequalities. Th results remain the same when other criteria for good governance are used in the model.

The study aims to examine the comparative advantages and readiness of the Iranian manufacturing industries to liberalize international trade, especially through the accession to the World Trade Organization. Considering the nature of the data and outputs, the study has applied the multi-criteria decision-making approach and the TOPSIS ranking methodology based on for the expert opinions. The findings of the study indicate that most of the chemical and petrochemical industries, mineral industries, and food industries of Iran are ready to face the competitive conditions of free trade and accession to the WTO. In contrast, most of the electronics industry, a large part of the intermediate and capital goods manufacturing industries, as well as clothing and textiles are vulnerable due to the diminished advantages of comparative advantages, existing tariff and price supports, and-the non-competitive conditions. Therefore, accession to the WTO is a threat for this group of Iranian manufacturing industries.

In this research, the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environment in business are estimated using the Markov-switching technique and data for the period 1975-1394. The business cycles periods are first identified using the Markov switching model, and then the relationship between the foreign direct investments and environment during the business cycles is estimated using the Johansson-Joucilus cointegration method The research results show that the effects of the foreign direct investment on environment is asymmetric. That is, the impact of FDI on environment is greater during the economic booms than busts. The results also confirms the hypothesis of pollution Haven in Iran during the business cycles.

One of the main drivers of exports complexity and changes in production structure in developing countries is productive abilities (accumulated knowledge). This paper aims to estimate the effectiveness of factors driving productive abilities on exports complexities of developing countries using a panel data for the period 1997-2013 and Generalized Least Squares method. The result shows that factors generating productive abilities on export complexities in developing countries are heterogeneous across income levels and that foreign direct investment is the only factor which has a significant impact on country’ s export complexities. Developing countries need to increase their exports complexity through attracting foreign direct investment in order to achieve high economic growth.