ARABIC LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Year:2020 | Volume:16 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Yusuf al-Khal is considered one of the pioneers of free verse. Innovation is manifested in different parts of his poetic language. The employment of symbols and myth have influenced his poetic language and created pictures which extracted from these symbols and paved the way of innovation in different elements of his poetic language. This article aims to address characteristics of the poetic language for Yusuf al-Khal based on descriptive and analytical approach. One of the most important anthologies in this field is al-bi'r al-Mahjoor (the abandoned well) the name of one of his books (Divans) which is distinguished by use of symbols and myth therefor all elements of his poems are under the influence of this approach. The poet repeats some words and idioms in his poems and uses the first person pronouns as well as present verbs in order to deepen and emphasize on the considered meanings. Studying the semantics of this book, we can find the relations between its vocabulary and the overall picture of his poems. The poet uses figurative irony to develop his poetic language and deepen his main theme. Semantic de familiarization is a lot in his poems because the use of myth results in more metaphors and simile creation Synesthesia in abstracts in Yusuf al-Khal's poem. And distinct property of his poetic language is the existence of poetic form of myth. This application created distinct form and gave holistic form to his poems.

Sufism is a special experience that carries the epistemological and philosophical treasures throughout the ages and seeks to promote the dignity of human reason. Undoubtedly, Lebanese contemporary poet, Farouk Shuwaikh (1976) has lived in a land that has suffered many years of oppression of ruthless Zionist. The poet has, therefore, chosen the path of Sufism in order to soothe his heart because of the suffering inflicted on his country, and by that choice, he has taken hold the soul, and has realized the essence of his being and existence. For Shuwaikh, in his poetry, a presence is drawn with meaning and validity, and this presence is not physical, onerous or negative; because he puts his poem the interpretation of internal components and expressing the feelings of conscience to shine with the light of his emotions as he is a bird flying in a space that is in harmony with society. This research article is a descriptive-analytic one that explores the effect of Sufism in Farouk Shuwaikh’ s poetry with reference to the most explicit Sufi secrets and the opening of these secrets in his poems. After researching the word Sufism and its term, this research has been concluded that Farouk Shuwaikh has resorted to literary techniques in his poetry and interact with Sufi symbols such as Wine, Woman, Nature, Crossing, Ascension, and Point in certain axes to forget a little about his pains in world, because all of these internal implications are according to the poet's life and the events which poet deals with in poetry.

One of the literal marvel signs of the Holy Qur'an is verses which are similar in most of their words and different in some words. By studying these verses with a linguistic approach and in the context of the comparison, many of the secrets of this similarity and differences would be discovered. A group of past scholars have been working in this field, including Ibn Zubair Gharneti, who has a high scientific level in this field. He has dedicated his book, "The Melak Al-Ta'wil", which is one of the most outstretched books about literary books related to the mysteries of the difference between these verses and has been carefully and comprehensively addressed. This paper, by descriptive-analytical method, has targeted the significance of the role of the structure in the view of Ibn Zubair in a similarly worded justification that is consistent with the spatial terms. Its main focus is on the types of fitting outs and the technical and rhetorical changes and implications corresponding to their own terms, by way of example of the witness, and by this means the means of matching between a specific term in an alternative context in another context, such as the conjunction, the time of verbs, the use of the name and verb in place and so on has been explained. One of the most important results of this paper is the use of the method and its application in the proportion of conjugational formulary and its effect on the ordering of meanings, in accordance with the terms, and the observance of the unity of the surah and its particular space, which allows the appropriate meaning and the choice of the word which has been adjusted accordingly. It was also explained that every word is so wellestablished in its place that another word can’ t be replaced.

The colors and colors of things are the sensory manifestations that cause tension in the nerves and the movement of emotions. They are sensual stimuli whose effect varies in people. But it is known that the poet – as a child – loves these colors and shapes, and loves to play them, but it is not just play, but a game that requires the need to discover the image first, and then stimulate the reader or the receiver. Hair then grows and grows in the arms of colors, whether seen or imagined in mind. It is for the reader a way to evoke these shapes and colors in a special format and in a certain indication. If we refer to the signs of color in Arabic, we recall that it is deeply rooted, and keep abreast of Arab life with all its heritage and rituals. This is an art expressed by the ancient artists and the importance of research in enriching the library rhetorical, deepening the study of this primitive art, and shed light on what reached in the poetry of Mahmoud Mahmoud. The results show that the main semantic production in Haider's experiment was five colors: black, red, green, white, and Asmar. This research was based on the descriptive analysis method, in order to answer this question: What is the role of the stigmatization phenomenon in Haydar Mahmoud's poetry?

Youssef al-Sabaei (1917-1978) Egyptian Literary character wrote short stories, novels and critical essays, but he was characterized by the mood of the real artist. On the one hand, he spent his life preserving his personal freedom. On the other hand, he performed his duty towards the homeland through his writings to save his homeland from all traces of the British occupation. And to cleans it another period of corruption and exploitation. He wrote twenty-two stories and fifteen novels and four plays not published critical articles, and the first novel published in 1947, is the novel the successor of Ezraiel, and in this article we examine the character of Youssef al-Sabaei based on Maslow's views, as we study Naeb Ezraiel novel, A psychological study based on the Maslow pyramid of human needs, and let us identify through the research on the character of the writer on the one hand, and deepen in the story of the Deputy Naeb Ezraiel novel. and its characters, especially the protagonist of the novel through the pyramid Maslow, to see how human needs are reflected in this novel, and according to the runways of this pyramid does the protagonist reach self-realization. One of our findings is that the character of Youssef al-Sabaei can be seen as a self-fulfilling figure, and that the protagonist in the story of the successor of Ezraiel fails in the realization stage, even though he was aware of its features and stood in all its angles.

The Najm al-Qawaed is the book educational to teach Arabic syntax in a poetry from Iranian poet Sayed Abdollah al-Bilbari. he said this poem in 545 versus in the 1330 AH to facilitate the teaching of Arabic syntax to his son Najmoldin Mohammad. It has a unique manuscript copy preserved in the home of one of his grandchildren and not yet published. This research introduces it and describes its methods and characteristics by analytical and descriptive method and results are achieved: The poet played an important role in the development of Arabic language in his land. His book is in high degree and it is easy to learn Arabic syntax whit clarity and accuracy and it is away from complex issues and it has the quotation from the examples Quran and poetry and religious and historical references whit a good start. the quality of the conclusion and the use of the dialogue method and the easy method and justice in the performance of the detective.

Ethnicity is about bringing people together in the land of historical and religious heritage and honoring the greatness of the homeland and the preference of patriotic interests over personal interests. The placement of ethnicity in the context of literature reveals the poet's patriotic notions and his attempt to preserve the historical and cultural and religious heritage. Jewish poetry is one of the literatures that is influenced by different ethnic styles and attitudes, and in line with the Zionist plan in the contemporary era, it has no unilateralism or pluralism, so that the pain of the Jewish people's veins toward It uses topics such as introversion, race, dead sand, and exaggerating the grandeur of the Hebrew myths. The Bialik synagogue has made numerous attempts to transform the ethnicity and wake the Jews of the unfortunate situation by comparing the Jews in the past. Bialik transformed Jewish poetry from Jewish Arab identity in the Middle Ages to Zionist Western identity in the new era. This study has concluded that the characteristics of ethnicism in Bialik poetry are based on introversion, racism, the idea of liberation and patriotism, and the past by which the poet purifies the Jewish character of Palestinian Judaism and removes Arab and Islamic identity. It is worth noting that the concept of emancipation in Bialik poetry is to awaken the Jewish community and to reform the Jewish struggle. This research is based on a descriptive and analytical method that aims to study the concept of ethnicity and its conceptual structure in the poetry of Nahman Bialik.